Scholl siblings
The Scholl siblings are Hans and Sophie Scholl , as is customary . Both became known as members of the " White Rose ", a Munich group with essentially students who were active in the resistance against National Socialism during the Second World War , particularly in the distribution of leaflets against the war and the fascist dictatorship under Adolf Hitler .
From the post-war period to the present day, Hans and Sophie Scholl have been regarded as significant symbols of a resistance based on humanist values within Germany against the totalitarian Nazi regime.
Life
In the broader genealogical sense, the “Scholl siblings” were six siblings: Inge (1917–1998), Hans (1918–1943), Elisabeth (1920–2020), Sophie (1921–1943), Werner (1922–1944, missing in Russia ) and Thilde Scholl (1925–1926), who died very early. Her parents were the politician Robert Scholl (1891–1973) and Magdalena Scholl, b. Müller (1881-1958). The family lived in Forchtenberg until 1930 , in Ludwigsburg from 1930 to 1932 and from 1932 in Ulm (both Württemberg ).
On February 18, 1943, the siblings Hans and Sophie Scholl were surprised by their caretaker Jakob Schmid while they were laying out leaflets at the Munich University and denounced to the Gestapo . As early as February 22, 1943, they were sentenced to death by the People's Court under the direction of Roland Freisler , and on the same day they were beheaded by Johann Reichhart with the guillotine in Munich-Stadelheim prison . Her grave is in the local cemetery at Perlacher Forst (grave no. 73-1-18 / 19).
Appreciation and reception
The Scholl siblings as namesake
After 1945 streets, paths and squares were named after the siblings in numerous German cities in the Federal Republic and the German Democratic Republic . With almost 600 such street names, they are the people who appear most often together in a street name . Schools, kindergartens and day-care centers were also named after the siblings (see Geschwister-Scholl-Schule ), furthermore, since 1948, the Geschwister-Scholl-Haus in Leipzig (today it houses the Institute for Art Education of the University of Leipzig ) and the “student dormitory” built in 1959 Geschwister Scholl ”in Munich. The forecourt of the main building of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich is called Geschwister-Scholl-Platz . The forecourt of the Bressanone branch of the Free University of Bozen is called “Geschwister-Scholl-Platz”.
On January 30, 1968, the Geschwister-Scholl-Institute for Political Science at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich , which was newly founded in the post-war period, was named after the siblings. A renaming of the university to “Geschwister-Scholl-Universität” suggested by the student representatives at LMU Munich was rejected by the university management.
The Bavarian State Association of the German Publishers and Booksellers Association, together with the City of Munich, awards the Geschwister-Scholl Prize, endowed with 10,000 euros, annually for a book that “bears witness to intellectual independence and is suitable for promoting civil freedom, moral, intellectual and aesthetic courage and to give important impulses to the current sense of responsibility ”. The award will be presented in the auditorium of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich.
One of the first new Intercity Express trains ( ICE 4 ) was named after the Scholl siblings .
Monuments and memorials
In front of the Geschwister-Scholl student residence on Steinickeweg in Munich, there is a memorial created by Christine Stadler in 1962 . She also made a bronze sculpture for the siblings on the building of the Catholic Academy of Bavaria in Mandlstrasse . A memorial plaque has been on the siblings' former home at Franz-Joseph-Straße 13 since 1968.
On the Geschwister-Scholl-Platz in Munich, the leaflets of the "White Rose" lying on the ground are depicted in stone. Since 1997 a memorial in the atrium of the main building of the university has been commemorating the Scholl siblings and other members of the White Rose. A bronze bust of Sophie Scholl has been in the atrium since 2005.
A sculpture by Michael R. Sander has been standing in the entrance area of the regional technical vocational training center in Kiel since May 2013.
Movies
The film The White Rose by director Michael Verhoeven was the most successful German film of 1982.
The last days in the life of the Scholl siblings are the subject of the German film Sophie Scholl - The Last Days , which won the Silver Bear at the Berlinale in 2005 and was nominated for an Oscar in 2006.
Web links
- Information on the trial of the Scholl siblings / the resistance group Die Weisse Rose before the People's Court; Bottom of a documentary about its president Roland Freisler
- History of the "White Rose" etc.
- All six leaflets in full (scroll down below)
Individual evidence
- ^ Sister of Hans and Sophie Scholl tells . In: mainpost.de . February 22, 2013 ( mainpost.de [accessed October 9, 2018]).
- ↑ dorm Scholls: Our name schollheim.net
- ↑ https://www.stol.it/artikel/chronik/bozen-gedenken-hans-und-sophie-scholl
- ^ Bahn baptizes new trains: An ICE4 named Einstein
- ↑ Helga Pfoertner: Living with history. ( Memento of April 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Vol. 1, Literareron, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-89675-859-4 , pp. 149–158 ( PDF , 1.1 MB).
- ↑ Geschwister Scholl Monument, Kiel. In: YouTube , April 5, 2014 (video).