Tübingen Treaty

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Original document of the Tübingen contract in the main state archive in Stuttgart
Duke Ulrich of Württemberg
Tübingen coat of arms with highlighted Württemberger stag sticks

The Treaty of Tübingen was signed on July 8, 1514 between the Württemberg state estates and Duke Ulrich . With the treaty, the duke, who had fallen on the defensive, secured the support of the so-called honorableness ( patriciate ) in suppressing the rebellion of poor Konrad .

background

Since the heavily indebted Duke Ulrich could not immediately put down the rebellion of poor Konrad , he promised the rebels from the lower classes a state parliament where they could raise their concerns. After the escalating situation had relaxed, the duke broke his word: on June 16, he convened this state parliament in Tübingen , which was loyal to the line, instead of Stuttgart, and only allowed representatives of honesty and imperial mediators to do so . The demands of the rebellious lower class, now to be submitted in writing, were read out at the beginning of the conference, but largely ignored. With the Treaty of Tübingen, the Duke got the necessary means to “calm” rebellious resistance groups and to sanction their leaders.

Content of the contract

In the Tübingen Treaty, the Duke undertook to regulate questions of tax collection, national defense and warfare as well as the sale of parts of the country only with the consent of the estates. Furthermore, the “landlord withholding tax” was abolished, which made it possible to leave the country freely. The contract guaranteed all residents a proper process in the event of criminal trials. In return, the estates pledged to pay for the duke's debts for at least 40 years. It was about the monstrous sum of 920,000 guilders . In addition, based on the most recent experiences, the duke was allowed to introduce a new criminal offense , which could not only be used to suppress the uprising, but also to enforce an absolutist claim to rule: “Whoever opposes the authorities - regardless of whether it is princely councilors, officials or clergy , mayor or city court - as disobedient erzaigt have forfeited life and limb. "

As a result, the contract secured the privileges of respectability, which the Grüningen theologian Reinhard Gaisser , the intellectual head of poor Konrad, openly criticized. The common man was denied the right to have a say until the 19th century.

reception

Tübingen , as the place of conclusion of the contract, has since been allowed to use the Württemberg antler poles in its city ​​arms . For the representatives of the resistance in the other 14 Württemberg provincial towns in the lowlands, who had gathered in Marbach am Neckar and formulated 41 demands there, this improvement in the coat of arms had to have the effect of a “Judas wage”, especially since the raised arms could give the impression that Tübingen was going cheer for the suppression of the uprising.

The treaty is considered the constitutional document in the Duchy of Württemberg and has long been singled out as the "Württemberg Magna Carta ", which today's historians consider to be overrated. The theologian and historian Hellmut G. Haasis describes the contract as a “disgrace” in the spirit of Reinhard Gaißer , which has left “a bloody trail through the country's history”. He does not see any democratic progress, but a step backwards at the expense of local self-determination and freedom of assembly . With the “outrageous article”, honesty would not only have delivered the leaders of poor Konrad to the knife, but also robbed the common man of his “old rights” and opened the door to absolutist arbitrariness.

Additional information

swell

literature

  • Götz Adriani u. Andreas Schmauder (Ed.): 1514. Power. Violence. Freedom. The Treaty of Tübingen in times of upheaval . Ostfildern 2014
  • Walter Grube (Ed.): The Tübingen Treaty of July 8, 1514. Facsimile edition on the occasion of the 450th anniversary of the establishment of the Tübingen Treaty . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1964
  • Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : Ulrich , Duke of Württemberg. A contribution to the history of Württemberg and the German Empire in the Age of Reformation , Tübingen 1841. Volume 1 (of 3), pp. 228–383. Digitized
  • Andreas Schmauder : The Tübingen Treaty and the role of Tübingen in the uprising of poor Konrad in 1514 . In: Sönke Lorenz, Volker Schäfer (eds.): Tubingensia: Impulses for city and university history; Festschrift for Wilfried Setzler . Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2008, ISBN 978-3-7995-5510-4 , pp. 187-208 .
  • Andreas Schmauder: Württemberg in revolt: Poor Conrad and the Tübingen Treaty 1514 . In: Circular letter of the Württemberg History and Antiquity Association (WGAV), No. 16, October 2013, p. 1f.
  • Andreas Schmauder u. Wilfried Setzler: 500 years ago: Württemberg in revolt. The poor Konrad and the Tübingen Treaty of 1514 . In: Schwäbische Heimat , Heft 1, 2014, pp. 15–23.
  • Wilfried Setzler: Historical significance . In: The Tübingen Treaty of July 8, 1514 . Edited by Bürger- und Verkehrsverein Tübingen [supplement to the 100th edition of the Tübinger Blätter]. Tübingen 2014. pp. 27–31
  • Georg M. Wendt: Smart tactics? Wuerttemberg respectability and the Tübingen Treaty. In: Moments - Contributions to regional studies of Baden-Württemberg , 2/2014, pp. 7–9.

Remarks

  1. ↑ See there also the detailed section on the Tübingen Treaty.
  2. ↑ Andreas Schmauder and Wilfried Setzler: 500 years ago: Württemberg in revolt. The poor Konrad and the Tübingen Treaty of 1514 . In: Schwäbische Heimat , Heft 1, 2014, pp. 15–23.
  3. ↑ Source: Philipp Volland : How the Ufrur at Grüningen happened and what figure the pastor Renhart Gaißlin made himself tail-like . Grüningen 1514 (Main State Archives Stuttgart A 348, Bü 7)
  4. ↑ For example Wilfried Setzler: Historical meaning . In: The Tübingen Treaty of July 8, 1514 . Edited by Citizens and Tourist Association of Tübingen. Tübingen 2014. pp. 27–31.
  5. ↑ Haasis on the Tübingen contract in the Reutlinger Generalanzeiger of June 7, 2014 and in the Südwestpresse of July 5, 2014, p. 42

Web links

Commons : Armer Konrad  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files