Philipp Volland

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms and initials of the patron Philipp Volland in the choir of the Heilig-Geist-Spital
Philipp Volland signs the dossier on Reinhard Gaißer (1514)

Philipp Volland (* 1474 in Grüningen , today Markgröningen ; † 1537 there ) was Vogt , cellar and merchant; to 1519 he represented his hometown also as a deputy in the countryside to Stuttgart . In the course of his exile during Austrian rule, he became mayor of Baden in Pforzheim in 1522 and, after Duke Ulrich's return, from 1534 until his death, he was again Vogt and church overseer in Grüningen.

Life

Origin and family environment

Epitaph of Philip's mother Elisabeth Volland, b. Lyher, in the Volland chapel

Philip's parents both came from one of the Württemberg patrician families, who had developed into an independent and increasingly influential class in the late Middle Ages as so-called honesty . Father Heinrich Volland II. († 1482) did his doctorate in Heidelberg and married Elisabeth Lyher, daughter of Grüninger Vogt and Württemberg chancellor Konrad Lyher and Antonia von Dagersheim, probably an illegitimate daughter of Count Eberhard IV of Württemberg . At the wedding, the count is said to have awarded him the status of a baron after his death. Heinrich was also wealthy outside the comparatively wealthy trading town of Grüningen and is also said to have been cellars in Großsachsenheim and elsewhere.

Elisabeth Volland, b. Lyher, in 1483, at the request of her husband, who died in 1482, donated the full land pledge in the Grüninger Bartholomäuskirche , which was intended, among other things, to finance the studies of her descendants. Five children are said to have resulted from their marriage; Surprisingly, none of them got a Volland's first name: Ambrosius (* around 1468), Theodora (* around 1469), Tobias (* around 1470), Nicolaus (* around 1471) and finally Philipp (* around 1474), who died in childhood. All three remaining sons received an academic education, Theodora a befitting wedding with Conrad Heller, then Vogt in Grüningen, later in Cannstatt. Nicolaus († 1544) became Vogt in Besigheim, Ambrosius clergyman in Grüningen. But Ambrosius, who received his doctorate in both rights in Padua, did not last long in the position intended for him. He married and was appointed professor in Tübingen and Wittenberg and from 1505 to the ducal council in Stuttgart. Philipp, on the other hand, took over the lucrative family business after completing his studies in Heidelberg in 1492.

Top dog in Grüningen

Late Gothic choir of the hospital church, today embedded in a new building
The Volland Chapel (right) on the south side of the Markgröninger Bartholomäus Church

Philipp is said to have married a daughter of the lower nobility Werner and Lucia Last, who moved from Tübingen, and had at least eight children with them: Michael (* 1494), Lucia (* 1495), possibly Nicolaus (* 1499), Caspar (* 1500), Anna (* 1501), Heinrich (* 1501/02), Appolonia (* 1503), Catharina (* 1505) and Margaretha (* 1506). From 1501 to 1519 he temporarily held the office of Vogt of the city and office of Grüningen as well as the cellar on the Hohenasperg . After he had also become a member of the regional government in Stuttgart, he not only combined executive and legislative branches, but also the then still young power of money. There was plenty of capital at Vollands, and a sovereign who lived far beyond his means promised plenty of interest gains. When Duke Ulrich wanted to increase the wealth tax, however, the so-called honesty managed to convert it into a consumption tax that was primarily intended to affect the common people.

In addition, Philipp Volland could not resist the temptation to exacerbate the effects of the inflation, which was galloping anyway because of several bad harvests and unsound budgetary policies, by withdrawing scarce grain from the market, hoarding it and selling it on at enormous price premiums despite the rampant famine. He also used his abundance of power on site to claim the fishing grounds , which are part of the commons, for himself. It therefore seems like selling indulgences that Philip, on the other hand, had distinguished himself as a benefactor, especially of the local Heilig-Geist-Hospital . Yet he suddenly found himself exposed to a tremendous spiritual furor and turmoil.

A socially critical opponent

As if out of nowhere, the Tübingen theologian and university rector Reinhard Gaisser appeared at the first parish of the Grüningen Bartholomäuskirche in 1513 and turned out to be a dangerous opponent of the powerful Volland trading house and its representatives in politics, including Ambrosius as an influential councilor and later The Duke's Chancellor counted. This "first social revolutionary on a Württemberg pulpit" called in the wake of poor Conrad the commons man in Grüningen to revolt against the early capitalist acting respectability and especially against Vogt Philip Volland on which he abuse and grain speculation at the expense accused of the small man. And in fact, not much was missing for them to have "blown over" Volland after the city and gate guards had already been replaced by rebels. But the Vogt was smart enough not to leave his house and play for a while.

Just like the Duke, who knew how to neutralize the uprising , which Gaisser's cousins ​​had cited in the Rems Valley, through clever tactics and the promise of arbitration in the form of an extraordinary state parliament. Representatives of the common man were excluded from this, however, so that the much-vaunted Tübingen contract was ultimately again of use primarily for respectability. A number of opponents were tried. Although the angry Grüninger Vogt reported in detail about Gaisser's activities and conspiratorial meetings and repeatedly demanded Gaisser's dismissal, the pastor, always called "Gaißlin" or "Doctor Renhart" by Volland, came with a lecture in the State Chancellery and reduced salaries because he only got that Speyr bishop Georg von der Pfalz was not averse to reforms , and so he enjoyed immunity in Stuttgart. So Gaißer remained through all political upheavals until at least 1533 Grüninger city pastor.

Finally, Philipp Volland in Württemberg also enjoyed immunity: On June 28, 1516 Duke Ulrich granted him “he should be free for the rest of his life from officials and subjects of all offices, be it judges, guardians, councilors etc. The like remain completely unmolested, but that he is waiting for the Duke and his heirs for their offices and business, which he should do according to his ability and understanding. "

Exile during the Austrian interim government

After Duke Ulrich annexed the imperial city of Reutlingen in 1519 and thus finally overstepped the already poor relationship with the Swabian Confederation and the Reich, their army overran the duchy, whose subjects were not particularly ready to resist. The Duke and the leading representatives of his politics had to flee into exile. Including Ambrosius and Philipp Volland.

After Duke Ulrich's attempt to recapture in 1519 had failed, the representatives of the Swabian Federation wanted to keep their supporters harmless. So Ambrosius' Grüninger assets were completely expropriated. Philip was able to set the course on site to protect some things from the access of the new rulers by bequeathing it to the hospital and the beguines in order to regain it in due course. During his exile, which lasted until 1534, Philipp succeeded in gaining a position as Vogt again in Pforzheim, Baden.

Return and descendants

After two unsuccessful attempts to recapture the duchy, Duke Ulrich, who had meanwhile converted, managed to return in 1534 with the help of Protestant princes. With this, Philipp was also able to return to Grüningen and take on the post of Vogt, previously held by Martin Volland, and the post of clergyman until his death in 1537. He was succeeded as Vogt by his son Michael, who appeared in the special tax list of 1545 as the richest citizen of Grüningen. The citizenry still had the highest average wealth in all of Württemberg, although the political turmoil and in particular the arbitrariness of the occupying troops stationed here had also severely affected them economically.

Philipp's grandson Michael Volland made a career elsewhere. The doctor of both rights was appointed chamber court procurator at the Reich Chamber of Commerce in Speyer and fiscal general of the Reich. After the death of the "old bailiff" Martin Volland, the last "boss" of the house in Grüningen, he bequeathed the Volland benefice , donated by Elisabeth Lyher and excluded from secularization , to the Grüningen parish in 1560 . In 1570 Michael in Speyer, like Ambrosius before, was raised to imperial nobility with a personal palatine .

Philip's second assured son, "Dominus" Caspar Volland (1500–1554), studied in Tübingen, where he first became town clerk and then professor of law, at times also rector at the University of Tübingen and assessor at the Württemberg court. His sons Johannes (1542), Erhard (1548) and Gabriel (1556) also matriculated in Tübingen.

Philip's third secure son, Heinrich Volland IV. (* Around 1501), was destined for a spiritual career. He enrolled in 1517 as “Heinricus Vollant de Grieningen clericus Spirens. dioc. ”in the University of Freiburg and in 1520 in Heidelberg .

coat of arms

Improved coat of arms of Johann Philipp Voland von Volandtsegg (1527), which is almost identical to that of Michael Volland junior

Michael Volland junior sealed the seal with his grandfather Philipp's coat of arms until he was ennobled in 1570: “In front a golden cup in blue, behind in gold a blue lily . On the helmet between two gold-black split buffalo horns a blue lily. The ceilings are black and gold. " In a simpler form, Philipp Volland's coat of arms, including initials, was preserved in the choir of the Markgröningen hospital church, which he supported renovation and expansion (see picture).

Michael's coat of arms, improved in 1570, was quartered and was described in the letter of arms as follows: “1 and 4 in gold a black cup, 2 and 3 in red a silver flight. On the helmet there is a black gift cup between two red-black and black-red flights.

See also

swell

  • Report of the court chancellery on the "Uffruhr der Arm Conradt genant", Stuttgart 1514 (Main State Archives Stuttgart A 45, Bü 9).
  • Fishing rights on the Glems. Main State Archive Stuttgart A 349 Bü 4 (Philipp Volland) and HStA Stgt. A 349 U8 and U9 (Johannes Volland).
  • Johann Siebmacher (greeting), Horst Appuhn (ed.): Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms from 1605 . Munich 1999, ISBN 3-572-10050-X .
  • Philipp Volland: How the ufrur in Grüningen happened and which figure the pastor Renhart Gaißlin made himself tailor-like . Grüningen 1514 (Main State Archives Stuttgart A 348, Bü 7 and City Archives Markgröningen, secular, Bü 1).

literature

  • Wilhelm Bertz: "I, Elisabetha Lyherin, Heinrich Volland's blessed widows ..." Considerations on the wording of a Markgröninger foundation deed from 1483. In: Volume 4 of the series Durch die Stadtbrille , pp. 54–76, ed. v. Working group on historical research and monument preservation. Markgröningen 1989.
  • Wilhelm Bertz: The rich Philip and the poor Konrad. Dossier of the Gröninger Vogt Philipp Volland on the key role of pastor Reinhard Gaisser in the turmoil. In: Through the city glasses - historical research, stories and preservation of monuments in Markgröningen , Volume 10, ed. v. AGD Markgröningen. Markgröningen 2016, ISBN 978-3-00-053907-7 , pp. 72-81.
  • Hilde Fendrich: The Volland in Markgröningen put under the microscope . In: Südwestdeutsche Blätter für Familien- und Wappenkunde , Volume 23, H. 9, 2003, pp. 353–368.
  • Peter Fendrich: The city and its citizens in the late Middle Ages. On the social structure of the Württemberg district town of Markgröningen in the context of state history. In: Volume 3 of the series "Durch die Stadtbrille", ed. v. Working Group on Historical Research and Monument Preservation Markgröningen, pp. 94–119, Markgröningen 1987.
  • Lorenz Fries : Application of the sea charts. Sheet 13 verso (insert by Hans Grüninger ). Strasbourg 1527 (as a facsimile from Römer, 1933, p. 285).
  • Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : The Wirtemberg Canzler Ambrosius Volland . Stuttgart 1828, google.de/books .
  • Ludwig Friedrich Heyd: History of the former Oberamts-Stadt Markgröningen with special regard to the general history of Württemberg, mostly based on unpublished sources . Stuttgart 1829, 268 p., Facsimile edition for the Heyd anniversary, Markgröningen 1992.
  • Gerhard Liebler: The Volland family . In: Volume 7 of the series "Durch die Stadtbrille", ed. v. Working Group on Historical Research and Monument Preservation Markgröningen, pp. 76–78, Markgröningen 2002.
  • Otto-Günter Lonhard : The Volland family and their connections to Entzlin, Dreher and Lyher . In: Südwestdeutsche Blätter für Familien- und Wappenkunde , Volume 23, H. 9, 2003, pp. 368–373.
  • Hans-Martin Maurer: The poor Konrad - an uprising in Württemberg . In: Thomas Schwabach (Hrsg.): Doing justice to an assist ... Lectures and documents on the peasant war ( Stadtarchiv und Museen Weinstadt - Kleine Schriftenreihe 5, pp. 17–33). Remshalden-Buoch 2004, ISBN 3-927981-11-7 .
  • Klaus Militzer: The Markgröninger Heilig-Geist-Spital in the Middle Ages. A contribution to the economic history of the 15th century. Sigmaringen 1975.
  • Hugo Ott: On the business ethics of Konrad Summenhart approx. 1455–1502 . In: Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte , Volume 53/1966, No. 1, pp. 1–27. ISSN  0340-8728 .
  • Hermann Römer : Markgröningen in the context of regional history I. Prehistory and the Middle Ages . Markgröningen 1933.
  • Petra Schad: Markgröningen at the time of the poor Konrad . In: Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter 68/2014, pp. 29–58.
  • Petra Schad: How the uffrur happened there - poor Konrad and Pastor Gaißer in Markgröningen. In: Through the city glasses - historical research, stories and preservation of monuments in Markgröningen , Volume 10, ed. v. AGD Markgröningen, pp. 48-71, Markgröningen 2016, ISBN 978-3-00-053907-7 .
  • Andreas Schmauder : Württemberg in the uprising - the poor Konrad 1514. A contribution to the rural and urban resistance in the Old Kingdom and to the territorialization process in the Duchy of Württemberg at the turn of the early modern period ( writings on southwest German regional studies 21). Leinfelden-Echterdingen 1998, ISBN 3-87181-421-0 .

Web links

Commons : Volland  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Origin of the mother doubted by Lohnhard, 2003, p. 368 ff.
  2. ↑ See Peter Fendrich: The city and its citizens in the outgoing Middle Ages , 1987, p. 103 ff. And Lorenz Fries: Uslung der Meercharten. Sheet 13 verso , 1527.
  3. ↑ A cellar is responsible for the manorial financial management of a castle, town and / or an “office” (former form of the district).
  4. ^ See Wilhelm Bertz: "Ich, Elisabetha Lyherin, Heinrich Vollands blessed Witwen ..." Considerations on the wording of a Markgröninger foundation deed from 1483 , 1989, p. 54 ff.
  5. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 1655: Evang. Bartholomäuskirche Markgröningen. Munich: Schnell and Steiner, 1st edition, 1987.
  6. ↑ See Wilhelm Bertz: "I, Elisabetha Lyherin, Heinrich Vollands blessed widows ..." Considerations on the wording of a Markgröninger foundation deed from 1483 , 1989, p. 68 f. According to Bertz, Ambrosius is said to have been born in 1465, but would have come of age and involved in the foundation of the full pledge in 1483.
  7. ↑ Registered on June 27, 1489 as Phillippus Folant de Groningen Spir. Dioc. See Heidelberg matriculation online
  8. ↑ See also Genealogical Database
  9. ↑ See Hermann Römer: Markgröningen in the context of Landesgeschichte I. Urgeschichte und Mittelalter , 1933, pp. 190 ff., Who made the Vollands jointly responsible for early capitalist grievances and described Gaisser's activities in detail.
  10. ↑ Peter Gaiß from Beutelsbach, also known as “Gaißpeter”, and Georg Gaißer from Schorndorf, also known as “Jörg Gaißeler”, are known by name.
  11. ↑ See Gaißer dossier by Philipp Volland (1514): How the ufrur at Grüningen happened and which figure the pastor Renhart Gaißlin made tail-like (Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart A 348, Bü 7).
  12. ↑ See 450 Years of the Reformation in Esslingen (exhibition catalog with two references to Gaißer from 1531 and 1533), ed. v. Esslingen City Archives, p. 119f u. P. 143, Sigmaringen 1981.
  13. ↑ See Ludwig Friedrich Heyd: The Wirtemberg Canzler Ambrosius Volland , 1828, p. 31.
  14. ↑ See Ludwig Friedrich Heyd: Der Wirtembergische Canzler Ambrosius Volland , 1828, p. 155 ff.
  15. ↑ Source: Eberhard Emil von Georgii-Georgenau: Fürstlich Württembergisch servant book from IX. until the XIX. Century , Stuttgart: Simon, 1877, p. 440.
  16. ↑ See Peter Fendrich: The city and its citizens in the outgoing Middle Ages , 1987, pp. 108-114.
  17. ^ Swabian gender book, ninth volume, Starke Verlag, 1975, p. 69ff.
  18. ↑ See Heinrich Hermelink , The matriculations of the University of Tübingen from 1477–1600. Stuttgart 1906. pp. 215, 286, 309, 337 and 385. Text archive - Internet Archive
  19. ↑ See Mayer, Hermann: Die Matrikel der Universität Freiburg i. Br. From 1460 to 1656. Freiburg 1907, p. 232 Freiburg matriculation online .
  20. ↑ See Toepke, Gustav : Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg from 1386 to 1662. Heidelberg 1884, p. 525 Heidelberger Matrikel online .
  21. ↑ See the book of arms of the noble society in Ravensburg. Augsburg University Library - Oettingen-Wallerstein Library Cod.I.7.8.2, fol. 12r
  22. ↑ a b Siebmacher's Wappenbuch: Extinct Württembergischer Adel, pp. 183–184.
personal data
SURNAME Volland, Philipp
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Folant, Philip
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Businessman, bailiff and politician from Württemberg
DATE OF BIRTH 1474
PLACE OF BIRTH Markgröningen
DATE OF DEATH 1537
Place of death Markgröningen