Kumite
Kumite ( Japanese 組 手 , "encounter of the hands") describes a form of competition and training in Japanese martial arts and sports .
In a competition, the kumite is the fight between two opponents without prior agreement of the techniques. Depending on the martial art, different levels of kumite can exist in training, in which the attack and defense techniques can be prescribed depending on the level.
history
Kumite is a new phenomenon in karate , which did not establish itself until the 20th century, following the example of competitions in judo , boxing and other martial arts. Traditional karate did not know kumite. The grand master of karate Gichin Funakoshi saw the sporting of karate with a certain bitterness, as he saw the basic educational values of karate in danger. Ultimately, however, at the insistence of his students, he put together the first kumite forms, which represent the root of the kumite forms in Shōtōkan karate.
to form
Today karateka is introduced to free combat (Jiyu-Kumite) through a multi-level system of kumite forms. It should be noted that there are other forms of kumite in the different styles of karate.
- It starts with the Kihon-Gohon-Kumite : Two opponents face each other. The attacker is determined and he advances five times while the defender fends off and goes backwards. The last defensive action is followed by a counterattack. The attack and defense techniques are precisely defined. The technique for the counterattack can usually be chosen freely.
- The Kihon-Sanbon-Kumite corresponds to the Gohon-Kumite, but there are only three (San) attacks and defenses.
- In the Kihon-Ippon-Kumite there is only one attack, followed immediately by a defense and a counterattack.
The name Kihon indicates that the techniques are performed in a ritualized ( elementary school ) form.
Advanced forms of kumite include:
- Jiyu-Ippon-Kumite : There is an attack-defense-counterattack sequence in free form.
- Okuri-Kumite : There is not just one, but several attacks that must first be fended off before the counterattack can take place.
- Kaeshi-Kumite : The attacker parries the counterattack after an attack-defense-counterattack sequence and now goes over to the counterattack.
- Happo-Kumite : (From Hachi, Japanese, eight) Eight attackers stand evenly around a defender and attack him (if necessary after a short announcement), whereupon the defender reacts with a defense and a counterattack.
- Jiyu-Kumite : Absolute free fight in which neither attack nor defense techniques are predicted. The exercise partners face each other freely. Usually the term "Jiyu-Kumite" is used in relation to a competition in a sporting sense.
Philatelic
On May 7, 2020, the first day of issue, Deutsche Post AG issued a special surcharge postage stamp with a face value of 155 + 55 euro cents in the series For Sport for the new Olympic sport of karate / kumite . The design comes from the graphic artist Thomas Serres from Hattingen .
See also
literature
- Albrecht Pflüger: Kumite. Dokan Verlag, ISBN 3-9807163-0-9 .
