Buggingen
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 47 ° 51 ' N , 7 ° 38' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Freiburg | |
| County : | Breisgau-Upper Black Forest | |
| Height : | 239 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 15.32 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 4338 (December 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 283 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 79426 | |
| Primaries : | 07631, 07634 | |
| License plate : | FR | |
| Community key : | 08 3 15 022 | |
| LOCODE : | DE UG4 | |
| Community structure: | 2 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Hauptstrasse 31 79426 Buggingen |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Johannes Ackermann | |
| Location of the municipality of Buggingen in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district | ||
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Buggingen is a municipality in the Markgräflerland in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg near Müllheim .
geography
Geographical location
The municipality of Buggingen is an agricultural place (viticulture) in the south of the Upper Rhine Plain in the Markgräfler Vorbergzone of the Black Forest . To the east of the village, vineyards, meadows and orchards stretch to the Black Forest. To the west you can find the corridors of the Rhine plain.
The Ehebach, which rises east of the Black Forest, a mountain pass in the Black Forest between Britzingen and Badenweiler and the ruins of Neuenfels, flows through the town . In earlier times, this brook also flowed through Seefelden into the fields to the west, where lakes were formed, which is what gave the place Seefelden its name. Because of the frequent floods, a protective dam was built behind Buggingen in 1963 and the stream was diverted around Seefelden. The place Buggingen is 226 m above sea level. NN, Seefelden is 221 m above sea level. NN and Betberg is 279 m above sea level. NN.
geology
The place is on the edge of the fertile loess-containing hill terrain, which is in front of the Black Forest. The lower parts of the village lie in the Rhine plain, which also contains loess . The western part of the district goes over to the Rhine in sand and gravel soil. Geologically, this is a flood area of a river valley.
Expansion of the municipal area
The district area of the entire municipality is 15.31 km². In addition, 0.513 km² of forest are cultivated in the Sulzburg area .
Neighboring communities
In the north is the city of Heitersheim . In the east is the municipality of Ballrechte-Dottingen and the towns of St. Ilgen and Laufen, which are part of the town of Sulzburg . In the southeast and south the places Dattingen, Zunzingen and Hügelheim, which are districts of Müllheim . To the west are the places Grissheim and Zienken, districts of Neuenburg am Rhein .
Community structure
The neighboring town of Seefelden with the hamlet of Betberg has belonged to the municipality of Buggingen since the administrative reform in 1974 . The district of Seefelden is located north of the core town of Buggingen between the vineyards on Bundesstraße 3 and the Mannheim – Basel railway . Betberg is situated on a hill east of Seefelden with its old Romanesque church from the 8th century, which is well worth seeing from afar .
history
Celts and Romans
This area was populated by various Celtic tribes . In the year 70 the Romans conquered this area. It was cultivated under Emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus . The Celts who previously lived here were assimilated. The Romans built settlements and farms on the hills. These were called Villa Urbana .
The remains of a Villa Urbana can be seen east of the Heitersheim Maltese Castle. The area was populated by soldiers, officers, civil servants, traders, landlords and veterans . The veterans received land in the conquered areas for their services from the Senate or Emperor in order to Romanize the area and the indigenous population more quickly. The hills were chosen for the settlement of the area. Due to the strategically favorable and elevated location, these offered an overview of the Upper Rhine Valley. Another aspect was the climate and health. At that time, the Upper Rhine Valley was an extensive alluvial forest with countless lakes and ponds with stale water. These were only fed with new water during the floods of the Fluvius Rhenus (Rhine). They were full of mosquitos and the stale water smelled accordingly. The summer climate in the Rhine plain was humid.
The Romans liked to surround themselves in their occupied territories with the culture they are used to from home. They designed their settlements like a small Roman provincial town. Because they loved wine, among other things, they brought vines with them to grow here. Remains of Roman buildings can still be seen in this area today, e.g. B. the Villa Urbana in Heitersheim or the Roman bath ruins in Badenweiler .
Alemanni and Franks
The local area was part of the Roman Agri decumates on the right bank of the Rhine (in German the tenth country ). This area was secured by the Rhine, the Danube and the Limes to the northeast . This Limes was built around 100 by the Romans. The Alemanni - a tribe of the Teutons - conquered the southern right bank of the Rhine around 230. The Romans gave up "Agri decumates" and withdrew in 260 behind the Rhine. There they built the Danube-Iller-Rhein-Limes .
The abandoned Roman buildings were either destroyed or forgotten. Initially, the Alemanni did not believe in Roman culture. The Roman buildings were demolished and mostly used as a quarry. Later the Alemanni built so-called hill castles to watch over the area. They built manors and administration based on the Roman model. The Alemanni often undertook raids from the former tithe country into neighboring Roman Gaul. But they were repulsed by the Roman armies.
It was not until 455 that the Alemanni managed to expand from here across the Rhine. They conquered parts of the Roman province of Gaul . Conflicts with the Franks followed , which expanded south. The Alemanni waged war with the Franks from 496 to 507. The Franks achieved the decisive victory at Zülpich under their King Clovis I. The Alemannic area came to the Franconian Empire of the Merovingians .
From this time, high above Buggingen in the Gewann Weckersgraben, comes a Merovingian burial ground, which was discovered in 1973 during excavation work in a new building area. 59 burials were excavated and documented, including graves with rich accessories such as weapons, jewelry and a gold leaf cross. Buggingen is one of the few districts in Breisgau where settlement is documented from the late 5th century to the end of the 7th or beginning of the 8th century.
Around 775 Franconian nobles gave gifts to various monasteries with property from this area, in particular - as documented in the Lorsch Codex - the Lorsch Monastery . On June 17, 778 it received goods in Buchinger marca (district Buggingen), 789 the villages Wilere (hamlet, Nieder- and Ober-, east of Müllheim) and Padaperc (Betberg) in pago Brisgowe (in Breisgau). 819 Ruthart gave an strokes in Sevelden (Seefelden) also the Lorsch.
Further donations from people from these places to the Lorsch Abbey and the Prince Abbey of St. Gallen in what is now Switzerland followed. From 900 to 955 the Hungarians invaded the area with devastation and pillage. After that, the area was administered by Gaugrafen, who appointed the emperor. Emperor Otto I confiscated territories, including Puckinga (Buggingen) von Guntram , a renegade count of the Breisgau.
The emperor bequeathed it in 962 to Bishop Konrad from Konstanz , a Guelph . He used a fiefdom for his goods - Meier , who also administered this area as Vogt. After Konrad's death in 975, the cathedral provosts of his church took over his territory, which was then called the cathedral prophet .
In 993 the St. Cyriak monastery in Sulzburg was founded by the Breisgau Count Birchtilo . Count Birchtilo acquired areas in and around Buggingen from the cathedral provosts, which he bequeathed to this monastery. In 1008, Count Birchtilo the Younger handed over the St. Cyriak Monastery and its property to Bishop Adelbero of Basel , who transferred areas he had acquired in Seefelden and Bischoffingen am Kaiserstuhl to the St. Cyriak Monastery.
Zähringer and Staufer
The dukes of Zähringen conquered many areas in the 11th century, including Buggingen and Seefelden. The best known among them was Berthold II of Zähringen, who ruled from 1078 to 1111 . The investiture controversy took place from 1075 to 1122 , the Zähringers were on the victorious papal side. They were thus able to acquire many monastic and secular possessions from the losers. Since 1122 these areas, including Buggingen and Seefelden, were administered by the bailiffs of the Lords of Zähringen, who resided at the castle in Badenweiler.
From 1130 the local chronicle mentions a noble family from Buggingen, who lived in Buggingen until 1471. The rule of Badenweiler - with Buggingen and Seefelden - was bequeathed to Heinrich the Lion , a Guelph prince , in 1147 as a dowry for Princess Clementine von Zähringen . Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa forced Heinrich the Lion to swap these areas for possessions in the Harz Mountains in 1157 . This area came into the hands of the Hohenstaufers . From here they established connections to their estates in neighboring Alsace . The Zähringers did not like this, they founded the city of Neuenburg am Rhein in 1175 in order to secure the crossing of the Rhine into Alsace for themselves and to demand tribute from unfamiliar users.
In the 12th century, some local nobility from Buggingen and Seefelden bequeathed parts of their property to various monasteries, which in turn gave them away to other monasteries. After the death of Bertold V in 1218, the male line of the Zähringer died out and the territories came to the Counts of Freiburg .
The Counts of Freiburg and von Strassberg
After Egino II , a son of Conrad I, Count of Freiburg, died, the area was divided up in 1272. Count Heinrich, a son of Egino II. Count of Freiburg, received the southern areas with the rule of Badenweiler, which also included Buggingen and Seefelden. The counts from the descendants of Heinrich von Freiburg died out in 1303 without male descendants. Their territory went to the Counts of Strassberg , who were married into this line, from near today's Neuchâtel in Switzerland. Through this the rafter came into the coat of arms of Badenweiler and many places under their rule, including Buggingen and Seefelden. In 1363 the Counts of Fürstenberg near Donaueschingen took over the rule from the now extinct Counts of Strassberg. After a short time the area came back to the Counts of Freiburg. Due to the debts of these counts, ownership changed more often, including for a short time to the Habsburgs , who passed it back to Konrad III. Returned the Count of Freiburg.
Margraviate
On September 8th 1444 the area was bequeathed by the last Count Johann von Freiburg to the sons of Margrave Wilhelm, Rudolf IV. Hachberg-Sausenberg and Hugo. This connected Rötteln , Sausenburg and Badenweiler to the Markgräflerland. In 1503 the Markgräflerland came to the Margraviate of Baden under Christoph I. The peasant wars raged in this area in 1525, and Buggingen and Seefelden were not spared either. After the rebellious peasants lost the war, each house in the margraviate had to pay five guilders to the margrave as compensation.
From 1529 to 1545 the plague also raged in Buggingen and Seefelden. In 1556 the Reformation was introduced in the Markgräflerland. From 1618 to 1648 the Thirty Years War raged in this area. The area was alternately plundered and murdered by Swedish, imperial and French troops, various auxiliary troops and marauding soldiers. The population loss was enormous and was replenished by the influx of immigrants from the Confederation.
During the Dutch War from 1672 to 1679, French troops again moved into the Markgräflerland. These demanded high tolls in terms of feed and money. Seefelden was plundered on June 8, 1677 and almost a year later the castle in Badenweiler was destroyed by the troops of the French marshal François de Créquy . The same thing happened in the Palatinate War from 1689 to 1697, now also from the advancing imperial troops, which the French threw back. After that, the previously French-occupied territories came back to the empire .
From 1701 to 1714 the War of the Spanish Succession took place, which in 1702 did not spare Buggingen and Seefelden with looting and requisitions. From 1733 to 1738 the Polish War of Succession and from 1740 to 1746 the Austrian War of Succession took place, which took tribute, albeit to a lesser extent, during the renewed French occupation of Buggingen and Seefelden.
From 1746 onwards, Buggingen and Seefelden were again without an occupation and were ruled as part of the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach by Margrave Karl-Friedrich from Karlsruhe . Margrave Karl-Friedrich abolished serfdom in his area in 1783 and promoted viticulture. Among other things, he had his own vineyards in Buggingen and Seefelden. The French Wars took place from 1791 to 1815 , Napoléon I conquered the areas on the right bank of the Rhine.
Grand Duchy of Baden
The Markgräflerland and thus also Buggingen and Seefelden came to the newly founded Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806 . In 1819 the first elections to the Baden state parliament took place in the Grand Duchy and also in Buggingen and Seefelden, at that time only men aged 25 and over were eligible to vote. On May 17, 1836, the hamlet of Buggingen belonging to Buggingen was dissolved by Buggingen and merged with Seefelden. Buggingen and Seefelden were affected by the martial law imposed on this area in 1848. The uprising of the Baden revolutionary Friedrich Hecker took place. The places had to provide men for the government troops who tried to put down the uprising. In February 1850 a German parliament was elected in Erfurt according to the three-class suffrage.
In 1861, Buggingen was given its own train station on the Mannheim – Basel line and in 1863 its own post office. Buggingen and Seefelden had to provide men who fought in Baden regiments on the side of the Federal Army and Austria in the Austro- Prussian War of 1866. After the victory of the Prussians , the North German Confederation took over the leadership in Germany. The citizens of Buggingen and Seefelden took part in the election for the German customs parliament . The Grand Duchy of Baden became part of the North German Confederation in 1868 after a majority vote for it.
German Reich, Weimar Republic, Third Reich
After the Franco-German War of 1871, the German Empire was founded under Prussia's leadership. In the years 1914 to 1918 men from Buggingen and Seefelden had to move into the First World War . The places also had to deliver essential war goods and the things of daily life were rationed. Bugginger and Seefeld became citizens of the Weimar Republic in 1919 . The Buggingen potash mine was opened in 1922. This created new jobs and eased the hardship in this area after the First World War and the subsequent global economic crisis .
A serious mining accident on May 7, 1934, triggered by a fire in one of the shafts, killed 86 people in the potash mine. During the construction of the West Wall in 1938 140 men from other parts of the Reich were quartered in Buggingen and 100 in Seefelden. In 1939 the Second World War began . Buggingen and Seefelden came into a partial evacuation . This was soon lifted and food stamps were distributed.
With the beginning of the attack on France in 1940 and the shelling of French artillery, the Second World War came to this area. In 1944 the situation worsened because of the total war effort . The congregations had to do without all men between the ages of 16 and 65 and all women between the ages of 17 and 50. They were assigned to military services.
Zone of occupation and Federal Republic
On April 22, 1945, the French troops took Buggingen and Seefelden. This ended the Second World War and the Greater German Reich in Buggingen and Seefelden. The French formed an occupation zone with their headquarters in Karlsruhe. After the occupation zones were divided up in July 1945, they relocated their headquarters to Freiburg. They formed a new government and the Land of Baden in their zone of occupation . In 1949, Bugginger and Seefeld became citizens of the newly founded Federal Republic of Germany . The federal state of Baden-Württemberg was founded in 1953 from the French-occupied areas of Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern and the American-occupied area of Württemberg-Baden . After the district reform in 1973, Buggingen and Seefelden became part of the newly founded district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald . Also this year on April 30th the potash mine was shut down. On December 10th of the same year, the formation of a community from Buggingen and Seefelden was agreed with Betberg. This became legally binding on January 1, 1974 to the municipality of Buggingen.
Buggingen is a member of the municipal administration association of Müllheim-Badenweiler, which performs the tasks of the lower administrative authority. In addition to Müllheim and Badenweiler , the communities of Sulzburg and Auggen are also members of the association.
politics
Municipal council
The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result, with a turnout of 62.3% (2014: 52.3%):
| Free voters | 33.9% | - 1.8 | 5 seats | ± 0 |
| Courageous citizen list | 32.0% | + 5.6 | 4 seats | ± 0 |
| CDU | 18.7% | - 2.5 | 3 seats | ± 0 |
| SPD | 15.4% | - 1.4 | 2 seats | ± 0 |
mayor
In the mayoral election on February 19, 2006, Johannes Ackermann was elected in the first ballot with 54.57% of the votes cast. In the election on February 23, 2014, he was the only candidate to be confirmed in office with 99.1%.
Religions
In Buggingen there is a Catholic parish (Church of St. Mary in Buggingen) and two Protestant parishes (parishes Buggingen / Grißheim and Betberg-Seefelden).
The large mosque in the Kaliwerk industrial park is sponsored by the Turkish-Islamic Association Buggingen and offers space for 200 believers for Friday prayers.
Evangelical Church Buggingen
Altar of the Protestant church in Buggingen
Catholic Church of St. Marien in Buggingen
Great Mosque (in the Am Kali industrial park )
Economy and Infrastructure
In addition to agriculture and viticulture, medium-sized commercial enterprises with their relocation are economic and structural focal points of the municipality thanks to the designation of low-cost and traffic-friendly commercial areas as well as increasing offers in tourism. The largest employer is the electronics and software mail order company Pearl . The last dairy farm in the core town was given up at the end of 2012; There are several emigrant farms in the vicinity of the community .
Drilling for crude oil, thermal water found
In 1936, oil was drilled to a depth of 671 meters in the “Oberen Mühlengraben” near the “Untere Mühle” on the northeastern edge of the village: a warm spring was found. The borehole was closed again inconspicuously because it did not want to compete with the neighboring baths in Badenweiler and Bad Krozingen .
In 2012, the use of the warm water for energetic purposes in connection with a new kindergarten was discussed again.
Toxic waste dump
In the 1950s, a large chemical company from Basel deposited heavily contaminated substances near Buggingen. This toxic waste dump was closed and sealed in the 1960s. In the event of floods or heavy rain, elevated levels of pollutants are still detected in the groundwater today. This landfill is located at the current Buggingen stop .
In autumn 1973, almost unnoticed, 570 of the 1000 planned tons of hardness salts containing cyanide had been filled in almost 2900 barrels in a shaft of the Buggingen potash mine in the direction of Zienken . The rest of the three shafts were to be filled with almost 75,000 m³ of gravel mixed with rubble.
Potash Salt Extraction
Buggingen's industrial rise began at the beginning of the 20th century with successful calibrated drilling in the district. The Buggingen potash salt mine, established in 1922, was the largest mine in southern Germany when it was in operation: with up to 1200 employees, it was one of the most important employers in the region and was in operation until 1973. On May 7, 1934, there was a serious mining accident with 86 deaths.
The overburden dump of the former potash works, the Monte Kalino , which is visible from afar , is a reminder of this era . The legacy of potash mining with its constant salt leaching and introduction into the Upper Rhine aquifer continues to be a major problem in the Upper Rhine Plain .
After it was closed, the shafts of the abandoned mine were mostly filled with a rubble-gravel mixture, but also with 1000 tons of hard cyanide salts packed in barrels .
Today there is a potash museum with a visitor tunnel in Buggingen that documents the history. Since 2013 a restored stands at the western entrance pulley of the conveyor framework of the former potash mine "Rodolphe" in neighboring Ungersheim ( Alsace ), flanked by a Lore and a Teufkübel commemorating the Kali-history of the site.
literature
- Lothar Panterodt: The Buggingen potash works - above and below ground .
- Various authors: Buggingen - A Markgräfler Gemeinde through the ages . Verlag Karl Schillinger, Freiburg 1974, ISBN 3-921340-31-4
- Michaela Jansen: The Merovingian burial ground on Gewann Weckersgraben in Buggingen, in Fund reports from Baden-Württemberg, Volume 27, Stuttgart 2003,
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ^ Gerhard Fingerlin : Buggingen - A new Merovingian site in the southern Upper Rhine Valley , in: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg, 1974, pp. 34–39 online ; Michaela Jansen: The Merovingian burial ground on Gewann 'Weckersgraben' in Buggingen, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district , in: Find reports from Baden-Württemberg, 2003; Kerstin Kreutz: Anthropological investigation of the skeletons of the burial ground of Buggingen 'Weckersgraben' , in: Find reports from Baden-Württemberg, 2003
- ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2690, June 17, 778 - Reg. 1425. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 206 , accessed on April 25, 2018 .
- ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2658, May 26th, 789 - Reg. 2101. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 197 , accessed on April 25, 2018 .
- ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [trans.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2693, April 10, 819 - Reg. 3148. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 207 , accessed on April 25, 2018 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 508 .
- ↑ Badische Zeitung online, May 27, 2019 - Local election 2019 in Buggingen: result , accessed on November 11, 2019
- ↑ Sigrid Umiger: " My heart is bleeding" : badische-zeitung.de, Lokales, Buggingen, November 27, 2012 (January 5, 2012)
- ↑ Sigrid Umiger: Buggingen's forgotten derrick - in 1936 the search for oil . In: badische-zeitung.de, Lokales, Buggingen , April 18, 2012 (April 25, 2012)
- ↑ agus-markgraeflerland.de: Toxic waste in the KALI Buggingen ?! in: agus-markgraeflerland.de: MÜLL (January 23, 2014)
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↑ District of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. In: Badische Zeitung . November 7, 1973 / No. 758:
In the Buggingen potash mine, toxic waste has been stored for months. (PDF agus-markgraeflerland.de ) and the lesser evil given preference. (PDF agus-markgraeflerland.de ) In: Markgräfler Nachrichten. - ↑ Sigrid Umiger: Monte Kalino - 5 meter thick protective layer - the Buggingen salt dump is to be renovated : badische-zeitung.de, May 31, 2010
- ↑ Andreas Frey: Breisach and Buggingen: Fear of a salty legacy is growing : badische-zeitung.de, Südwest, December 31, 2012 (January 4, 2013)
- ↑ AGUS (Working Group on Environmental Protection) Markgräflerland e. V., News , August 12, 2013: agus-markgraeflerland.de: Toxic waste in the KALI Buggingen! (September 7, 2013)
- ^ Museum and gallery - Bergmannsverein Buggingen eV since 1974 Glück Auf . Retrieved September 24, 2013 .
- ↑ Badische Zeitung , January 21, 2014: badische-zeitung.de: The history of the potash plant (January 23, 2014)