1343

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1343
Joan I becomes Queen of Naples .
1343 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	791/792 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1335/36
Aztec calendar	6. Rabbit - Chicuace Tochtli (until the end of January / beginning of February 5th house - Macuilli Calli )
Buddhist calendar	1886/87 (southern Buddhism); 1885/86 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	67th (68th) cycle Year of the water sheep癸未 ( at the beginning of the year water horse 壬午)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	705/706 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	721/722
Islamic calendar	743/744 (turn of the year 25/26 May)
Jewish calendar	5103/04 (September 19-20)
Coptic calendar	1059/60
Malayalam calendar	518/519
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1653/54 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1654/55 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1381
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1399/1400

Events

Politics and world events

Estonia

• April 23 : Rural Estonians start the uprising on St. George's Night in the northern Harju province in Estonia . It is directed against the German and Danish masters of the country. According to reports by Bartholomäus Hoeneke , the insurgents renounce Christianity and kill all Germans and Danes they can get hold of. The uprising allegedly killed 1,800 people. The rebels conquer the Cistercian monastery in Padise and kill 28 monks there. At the same time they begin the siege of Tallinn , the most important Danish fortress in northern Estonia. They hope for support from the King of Sweden , to whom they promise Tallinn if the alliance is successful. Further requests for help are being sent to the bailiffs of Turku and Vyborg on the other side of the Gulf of Finland .
• April 25 : More popular uprisings break out in Läänemaa in western Estonia . Among other things, is Bishop's Castle of Haapsalu besieged by the rebels.

Tower of the castle of Paide

• May 4th : Negotiations begin between the insurgents and the Order of the Brothers of the Sword in the castle of Paide about the redesign of Estonia. During the trial, however , the order master Burchard von Dreileben had the four leaders of the rebels executed by the sword.
• 11 / May 14 : The Estonians are in the battles of Kimmole and Kanavere against the troops of the Livonian Order. All Estonian leaders are killed. A Swedish-Finnish support force under Dan Nilsson , the governor of Turku, arrived too late at Tallinn on May 18 to come to the aid of the Estonians. After negotiations with the Brothers of the Sword, the Swedish-Finnish troops withdraw without a fight. The uprising has thus been suppressed on the Estonian mainland. As a result of the uprising, all the important cities in Estonia, which had been Danish until then, fell into the hands of the militarily and politically strengthened Order of the Brothers of the Sword.
• July 24th : Another uprising breaks out on the island of Saaremaa , which is part of the Dominion of the Order of the Swords . The church fortress Pöide is taken by the Estonian rebels. Settlers of German origin and foreign merchants on the island are killed or expelled.

Poland / Teutonic Order

• July 8th : The Treaty of Kalisch ends the disputes between King Casimir III of Poland . and the Teutonic Order state on territorial claims. Pomerania , the Kulmer Land and the Michelauer Land are recognized as property of the order. In return, Poland will get Kuyavia and the land of Dobrin back.

Holy Roman Empire / Italy

• January 20 : Johanna I of the Anjou family becomes Queen of Naples after the death of her grandfather Robert the Wise . Her cousin Karl von Durazzo married her younger sister Maria in the same year.
• July 25 : The actual events on the Lucerne murder night, which has been documented several times, in the conflict between Lucerne and the House of Habsburg are unknown.
• July 26th : A civil uprising breaks out in Florence against the dictatorial ruling Duke of Athens , Walter VI. from Brienne . The citizens demand the abdication and lay siege to his palace.
• Pope Clement VI initiates proceedings against Ludwig the Bavarian . Charge: aiding heresy
• The German electors want to depose Ludwig the Bavarian and consider his successor Charles IV . (This is said to have paid one of the electors to abstain from voting.)

Byzantine Empire

• Byzantine Civil War (1341-1347)

First documentary mentions

• Mühlethurnen , Nufenen and Riemenstalden are first mentioned in a document.

economy

• The in Florence based Bankhaus Peruzzi goes bankrupt . It financed English war bonds for the Hundred Years War against France , but the payments from England failed to materialize.

science and technology

• September 3rd : The University of Pisa is founded.

Culture

• The Dominican Berthold von Moosburg is documented as a reading master in Cologne.
• Giovanni Boccaccio writes the psychological verse novel Fiammetta.

Religion and society

Pope's seal Clement VI.

• January 27th : With the bull Unigenitus Dei filius , Pope Clement VI shortened the time for the return of a holy year with the creation of a perfect indulgence from 100 to 50 years. The bull is vital to the development of indulgence.
• September 30th : Pope Clement VI. calls with the bull Insurgentibus contra fidem for a crusade against the Turks in Asia Minor .
• The Frankfurt patrician and cantor of the St. Bartholomew Monastery, Wicker Frosch , was allocated a plot of land to build a hospital for the sick and poor. The property is in front of the Bockenheimer Tor on the Staufen wall , which at that time still separates the old town from the new town that was laid out a few years earlier . Over the years a monastery and the later Katharinenkirche were built here .

Disasters

• November 25 : A tsunami triggered by a landslide on the Stromboli volcano devastated Amalfi and other coastal towns on the Tyrrhenian Sea .

Born

Date of birth saved

• December 19 : Wilhelm I , Margrave of Meissen († 1407 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Chōkei , Emperor of Japan († 1394 )
• Weiprecht I. von Helmstatt , Palatine Councilor and Vogt in the Oberamt Bretten († 1408 )
• Jovan Dragaš , Serbian magnate in Macedonia († 1378 )
• Keo Phim Fa , Queen of Lan Chang († 1438 )
• Michele di Lando , Italian cloth worker and owner of a cloth workshop († 1401 )
• Johannes Marienwerder , German theologian († 1417 )
• Thomas Percy , English nobleman, military man and diplomat († 1403 )
• Giovanni Conversini da Ravenna , Italian early humanist († 1408 )
• Rudolf III. , Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg († 1428 )

Born around 1343

• Geoffrey Chaucer , English novelist and poet, author of the Canterbury Tales († 1400 )
• Alexander Stuart , Scottish nobleman, known under the name: Wolf von Badenoch († 1394 )

Died

Date of death secured

• January 5th : John IV of Dražice , Bishop of Prague (* around 1250 )

Tomb of Robert of Anjou, Santa Chiara, Naples

• January 20 : Robert of Anjou , King of Naples (* 1278 )
• February 3 : William de Ros , English nobleman

• April 10th : Philipp V. von Falkenstein , German nobleman
• May 12th : Kuno von Falkenstein , German nobleman
• May 25th : Gottfried von Padberg , Abbot of the Grafschaft Monastery
• May 29 : Francesco I. Manfredi , Italian nobleman (* around 1260 )

• June 24th : Aymon , Count of Savoy (* 1273 )
• June 27th : Leopold II of Egloffstein , Prince-Bishop of Bamberg
• July 29th : Heinrich von Pirnbrunn , Archbishop of Salzburg

• September 14th : Elisabeth von Virneburg , Duchess of Austria (* around 1303 )
• September 15 : Henry Ferrers , English nobleman (* around 1303 )
• September 16 : Philip III. , King of Navarre (* 1301 )
• September 26th : Gaston II , Count of Foix (* 1308 )

• October 12 : Rainald II , Duke of Geldern (* around 1295 )
• December 6th : Friedrich von Eickstedt , Bishop of Cammin
• 18 / 19 December : Antony Bek , Bishop of Norwich (* 1279 )

Exact date of death unknown

• May / June: Anthony Lucy , English nobleman and military man (* around 1283 )
• Summer: Heinrich III. , Count of Nassau-Siegen (* around 1270 )

• Altinbugha al-Maridani , high dignitary in Mameluk Egypt and Syria
• Anselm , Lord of Joinville (* 1265 )
• Heinrich II , Duke of Schweidnitz
• Khun Phi Fa , King of Thailand
• Takeda Masayoshi , Japanese dignitary
• Walter Chatton , English philosopher and theologian (* 1285 or 1290 )

Web links

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