Pöide
Coordinates: 58 ° 30 ' N , 23 ° 3' E
Pöide (German Peude ) is a village ( Estonian küla ) on the largest Estonian island Saaremaa . It belongs to the rural community Saaremaa (until 2017: rural community Pöide ) in the Saare district .
Population and location
The village has 26 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2011). It is located 43 kilometers northeast of the island's capital Kuressaare .
Ordensburg Peude
The Ordensburg of Pöide was probably built between 1255 and 1290. The fortress of the Teutonic Order was first mentioned in a document in 1290. It was a massive, tower-like limestone building .
The castle was destroyed by the local Estonian rural population in 1343 during the so-called “Jacob's Day Uprising” (July 25), a scene of the nationwide “St. George's Night Uprising ”. Today only a few remains of the underground wall north of the church are preserved.
St. Mary's Church
In the Middle Ages, Poide became the center of its own parish . Today's village developed around the church.
A chapel was built on the site in the middle of the 13th century . The church in Pöide was leaned against the walls of the former order castle.
Today's St. Mary's Church in Pöide was built in the Gothic style at the beginning of the 14th century and completed with the construction of the massive defensive tower at the beginning of the 15th century. Its architecture is similar to that of Valjala Church . The single-nave church is the largest sacred building on Saaremaa Island.
- “The very massive building with the narrow windows and the huge tower from the 17th century gives the impression of a fortress rather than a church. The lack of a choir as an independent component also contributes to the cohesion ; it is as wide and high as the nave . As an exception, the main entrance is on the south side. Inside, the church is adorned from floor to vault with masterfully naturalistic plant ornamentation: it covers the capitals of the corner pillars, the hanging brackets of the belt arches , the keystones and the portals . A pair of figures can be seen on a capital, headless, but recognizable as farmers by their clothes with the lucky brooch (›sôlg‹) and the ritual drinking horn in their hands. "
The baptismal font from dolomite is from the first half of the 14th century. There are some masterfully crafted epitaphs in the church , including a dolomite epitaph by the Baltic German baron Otto von Üexküll from 1666.
The helmet of the 15 meter high tower, the roof and the historic church stalls burned down in 1940 after a lightning strike. During the Soviet occupation of Estonia (1940-1991) the church was badly affected. It partially served as a cattle shed for the local collective farm . After Estonian independence was regained, the church was partially restored. In 2014 it received a new roof. The parish is now once again subject to the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church (EELK).
graveyard
The Pöide cemetery is located near the church. It is best known for the generously designed "Aderkas'sche Grabkapelle " from the end of the 18th century. The year 1791 is on the facade.
The building, built in the classicism style, is “a burial chapel for three families: Berg , Aderkas and Buhrmeister . With a good feeling for architecture, the dolomite has been given a classic shape, in which an echo of the baroque epitaphs can still be felt and where symbols of life and death adorn the frieze of the facade.
Walter Flex
In 1917, during the First World War , the voluntary German writer Walter Flex was fatally wounded near the church of Pöide . Flex was initially buried in the Pöide cemetery.
For propaganda reasons, the German National Socialists had the remains transferred to the cemetery of the Königsberg garrison in Prussia in 1940 . A memorial stone on the site of the original grave in Pöide has been commemorating Walter Flex since 1997.
literature
- Baltic historical local dictionary. Part 1: Estonia (including Northern Livonia) (= sources and studies on Baltic history. Volume 8/1). Started by Hans Feldmann . Published by Heinz von zur Mühlen . Edited by Gertrud Westermann . Böhlau, Cologne / Vienna 1985, ISBN 3-412-07183-8 , pp. 449f.
Web links
- Entry in Eesti Entsüklopeedia (online version)
- Description (eestigiid.ee)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Estonian Statistical Office
- ^ Thea Karin: Estonia. Cultural and scenic diversity in a historical borderland between east and west. Cologne 1994 (= DuMont art and landscape guide ) ISBN 3-7701-2614-9 , p. 309
- ^ Thea Karin: Estonia. Cultural and scenic diversity in a historical borderland between east and west. Cologne 1994 (= DuMont art and landscape guide ) ISBN 3-7701-2614-9 , p. 310