Lüthold II of Rötteln

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coin with the image of Lüthold II von Rötteln

Lüthold II von Rötteln (* 1227 or 1228; † May 19, 1316 ) was provost and elect of the diocese of Basel (as Bishop of Basel he would have been Lüthold III). In 1296 he was one of two candidates who were each able to win parts of the cathedral chapter for themselves, but then waived their claims in favor of a third candidate ( Peter von Aspelt ) after the intervention of Pope Boniface VIII . His second election by the chapter in 1309 triggered a multi-year conflict with Pope Clemens V : He had already appointed Gerhard von Wippingen and was finally able to enforce it against the resistance of the city and cathedral chapter. Lüthold died five years later, and with him the male line of the Lords of Rötteln died out . The family's extensive estates in the Upper Rhine region came to the Margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg .

origin

Seal of Lüthold's father Konrad with the family coat of arms

Lüthold came from the wealthy family of the Lords of Rötteln in today's Markgräflerland , whose castle stands above Lörrach . He was the eldest son of Konrad von Rötteln, his mother was a Countess of Neuchâtel . Lüthold had two younger brothers, Otto and Walther (II.), And a sister who was probably named Liutgard. The Lords of Rötteln were traditionally closely associated with the church: two of his ancestors are believed to have died on crusades and two of his father's brothers, Walther and Lüthold I (as Bishop Lüthold II), were bishops of Basel . A brother of Lüthold's mother, Heinrich von Neuenburg , was also in church service and became Bishop of Basel in 1263.

Career up to the first election of a bishop

Like three of his uncles, Lüthold also entered the Basel cathedral chapter , where he was first mentioned as canon in 1241, while his uncle Lüthold II was bishop there. 1256, under Bishop Berthold von Pfirt , Lüthold became archdeacon in Frickgau , which was connected with the ordination as subdeacon and deacon. In 1272 Lüthold was captured by Rudolf von Habsburg, who had feuded with Bishop Heinrich of Neuchâtel , when he captured Werrach Castle near Wehr . However, this was more likely the result of a chance stay at the castle, since Lüthold does not otherwise appear in any feud as a contending party.

Bishop Heinrich von Neuchâtel made him grand deacon and archpriest of the Basel cathedral in 1277 , in 1286 he received the provost of Moutier-Grandval and in 1289 the cathedral chapter elected him provost . During Lüthold's time as the canon of Basel, the minstrel Konrad von Würzburg also stayed in Basel. Konrad wrote several works here, including the legendary poem "Silvester", whose client Lüthold is considered to be and who is also mentioned twice in the work.

First election as bishop in 1296

Bishop Peter I died in 1296. When the bishop's chair was replaced, there was a double election in the chapter: One faction of the canons voted for Lüthold von Rötteln, another for the Solothurn provost Berthold von Rüti. Lüthold and Berthold both moved to Rome and turned to Pope Boniface VIII. This moved the two candidates to renounce their election and the resulting claims and instead appointed Peter von Aspelt as bishop. Lüthold then returned to his office as provost of the cathedral. The circumstances of Peter's occupation seem to have had no effect on the collaboration between the two men. When Peter took over the chancellorship of the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1298 and therefore had to leave the diocese for a long time, he entrusted Lüthold with the administration of the diocese for the time of his absence.

Bishop's election in 1309 and bishops' dispute

Peter von Aspelt became Archbishop of Mainz in 1306 , whereupon Pope Clemens V transferred the Bishop of Toul , Otto von Grandson, to Basel as his successor. In 1309 Otto went to the papal court in Avignon as part of an embassy from King Henry VII , where he fell ill and died in July 1309. Since Otto at the time of his death in Sorgues , within the precincts was from Avignon, was to the right of the Pope to choose a successor. Clemens V sent the Lausanne bishop Gerhard von Wippingen to Basel and replaced him in Lausanne with Othon de Champvent . In the meantime, however, the Basel cathedral chapter had also chosen and opted for Lüthold von Rötteln. Lüthold now also sat at the head of the diocese: castles and estates of the monastery were handed over to him, the officials of the diocese stepped into his service, and the citizens also took his side. In October 1309, Lüthold gave the town of Kleinbasel a hand-held celebration as the “elected bishop ze basile” . Gerhard von Wippingen turned to the Pope, who on January 22, 1310 issued a bull in which he instructed the Strasbourg bishop Johann I and two other clergy to enforce the transfer of Gerhard. He gave the Basel canons and Lüthold an ultimatum, according to which Gerhard should be recognized as bishop within eight days. Failure to do so would result in a series of punishments which increased the longer the disobedience lasted, including the loss of any church benefice, excommunication and interdict . In a similar way, the vassals of the diocese of Basel were asked not to remain loyal to Lüthold.

Even this threat of punishment could not persuade the cathedral chapter and Lüthold to renounce, and so Clemens V announced in further bulls in June 1310 that Lüthold, numerous canons and mayors, lay judges and councilors had been excommunicated and that a ban and interdict had been declared over Basel . Obviously dissatisfied with two of his executives, he entrusted the Strasbourg bishop to two other clergymen, including the Solothurn provost Harmann von Nidau. At the same time, the papal orders also show an initial weakening of the Basel resistance, because several canons are exempted from the punishments because they had renounced Lüthold. In November 1310 the Pope exempted another submitting canon from the punishments and allowed Gerhard von Wippingen to acquit all clerics who had given in to the excommunication, with the exception of particularly high-ranking resistance such as Lüthold von Rötteln or the former dean Johann Kämmerer, whose acquittal the Pope himself reserved. With the support of the papal executor Hartmann von Nidau, who withdrew their benefices from the resisting clergy and gave them to others, Gerhard succeeded in gaining a foothold in the diocese. In addition, there were disputes among Gerhard's opponents: On September 25, 1310, Lüthold's nephew Walther died childless. Lüthold and his nephew Rudolf von Hachberg-Sausenberg got into a dispute about this with the Münche family , who had been on Lüthold's side until then and who claimed part of Walther's inheritance. It was not until 1311 that the parties succeeded in settling this dispute through an arbitration. This dispute could also have contributed to the end of the bishops' dispute.

Interestingly, there is no fixed "end time" for the dispute, which has now been going on for around two years: only in one case, that of the canon and priest Burchard von Kolmar, is a papal acquittal from July 1311 recorded. Such is missing for Lüthold von Rötteln, however, he documented in July 1311 and then again as the Basel cathedral provost, and no longer as an elected in Basel. Gerhard von Wippingen also confirmed the infirmary statutes in 1312, which Lüthold had issued in 1308 for his Moutier-Grandval Provost, and in 1313 Gerhard and Lüthold jointly documented the latter, the latter being referred to as Provost and "honorable man". A similar reconciliation also took place between Gerhard and Johann Kämmerer, who jointly documented in 1314. The interdict on Basel Cathedral was probably not lifted until several years later.

Regulation of the Röttler inheritance

The castle Rötteln came with the total domination by Rötteln Lütholds Death to the Marquis of Hachberg-Sausenberg.

At the time of the Basel bishops' dispute, Lüthold was already more than 80 years old and had outlived his two younger brothers, Walther II had died in the 1270s or 1280s, Otto either around 1305 or 1310. Otto's son Walther III. inherited his father's share of the Rötteln rule and administered it together with his uncle Lüthold. However, he died childless as early as 1310, as the last secular lord of the Rötteln family. His part of the Röttler property went to his sister and her husband, Margrave Rudolf von Hachberg-Sausenberg . Lüthold was now in charge of the management of the property, but he increasingly involved Rudolf. However, Rudolf died around 1313, leaving behind three underage sons Otto , Rudolf II and Heinrich . Until the oldest heir Heinrich came of age in 1315, Lüthold took over the administration of the estate again. In July of the same year, now almost 90 years old, Lüthold renounced his benefices and provosts, and on December 18 he gave all of his property to Heinrich, subject to a lifelong usufruct . With this, the rule of Rötteln passed to the Margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg. About half a year later, on May 19, 1316, Lüthold died as the last male member of the von Rötteln family. He was buried in the Marienkapelle of the Basel Minster.

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Roller, History of the Noble Lords of Rötteln , p. 32.
  2. ↑ Romain Jurot: Lüthold of Rötteln. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . March 24, 2010 , accessed June 14, 2019 .
  3. ↑ For the family tree, see: Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Oberbadisches Gender Book , Volume 3, Heidelberg, 1919, p. 657.
  4. ^ Roller, History of the Noble Lords of Rötteln , p. 10.
  5. ^ Joseph Trouillat: Monuments de l'histoire de l'ancien évêché de Bâle , Volume 2, Porrentruy, 1854, p. 58; Roller: History of the noble lords of Rötteln , p. 68.
  6. ^ Roller: History of the noble lords of Rötteln , p. 35.
  7. ↑ Werner Meyer-Hofmann : Psitticher and Sterner: a contribution to the history of non-state warriors. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 1967, p. 12 doi : 10.5169 / seals-117536
  8. ^ Roller: History of the noble lords of Rötteln , p. 38.
  9. ^ Roller: History of the noble lords of Rötteln , pp. 32–33.
  10. ↑ available online on Google Books
  11. ↑ Reinhard Bleck: A Palestine Crusade on the Upper Rhine 1267. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde, 1987, p. 16 doi : 10.5169 / seals-118189
  12. ^ Line 80 (p. 3) Google Books and line 5211 (p. 169) Google Books
  13. ^ Roller, History of the Noble Lords of Rötteln , p. 38; Romain Jurot: Rüti, Berthold von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  14. ^ Böhmer, Johann Friedrich / Petke, Wolfgang / Wiesflecker, Hermann: Regesta imperii, Vol .: 6, Certificate No. 31, available online in the digital library
  15. ^ Roller, History of the Noble Lords of Rötteln , p. 40
  16. ^ Roller, History of the Noble Lords of Rötteln , p. 39
  17. ^ Rüegg, Der Basler Bischofsstreit , p. 199; similar to Roller, Geschichte der Edelherren von Rötteln , pp. 39–40.
  18. ^ Rudolf Wackernagel: Document Book of the City of Basel , Volume 4, Basel 1890, Certificate No. 16
  19. ^ Rudolf Wackernagel: Document Book of the City of Basel , Volume 4, Basel 1890, Certificate No. 17.
  20. ↑ Rüegg, Der Basler Bischofsstreit , pp. 199–200.
  21. ↑ Rüegg: Der Basler Bischofsstreit , pp. 201-203.
  22. ^ Rüegg: The Basler Bischofsstreit , p. 203.
  23. ↑ Rüegg: Der Basler Bischofsstreit , pp. 205–208.
  24. ^ Roller: Der Basler Bischofsstreit , pp. 313, 314, 316.
  25. ^ Rüegg: The Basler Bischofsstreit , p. 208.
  26. ^ Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515, published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester , Innsbruck 1892, Volume 1, document number h583.
  27. ^ Roller: History of the noble lords of Rötteln , p. 43; For the certificate, see Rudolf Wackernagel: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Basel , Volume 4, Basel 1890, Certificate No. 28.
  28. ^ Roller: History of the noble lords of Rötteln , p. 47.
  29. ^ Roller: History of the noblemen of Rötteln , p. 25: S. assumes that Walther died before 1272, Otto died around 1305; Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden Gender Book , Volume 3, p. 657, assumes that Walther was mentioned again in 1280 and Otto was burgrave of Rheinfelden until 1310 .
  30. ^ Roller: Der Basler Bischofsstreit , p. 314.
  31. ^ Roller: History of the noble lords of Rötteln , p. 45.
  32. ↑ Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg 1050-1515, edited by the Badische Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester, Innsbruck, 1892, Volume 1, certificate number H590.
  33. ^ Roller: History of the noble lords of Rötteln , p. 47; for the deed of donation, see also Regesta of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515, published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester, Innsbruck 1892, Volume 1, document number h594.
  34. ↑ Merian: History of the Bishops of Basel , Basel, 1860, pp. 93–94.
personal data
SURNAME Lüthold II of Rötteln
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lüthold von Rubella; Luithold von Rubella; Luithold von Rötteln
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Provost and Elect of the Diocese of Basel
DATE OF BIRTH 1227 or 1228
DATE OF DEATH May 19, 1316