Toul

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Toul
Coat of arms of Toul
Toul (France)
Toul
region Grand Est
Department Meurthe-et-Moselle
Arrondissement Toul
Canton Toul
Community association Terres Touloises
Coordinates 48 ° 41 ′  N , 5 ° 54 ′  E Coordinates: 48 ° 41 ′  N , 5 ° 54 ′  E
height 200-400 m
surface 30.59 km 2
Residents 15,832 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 518 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 54200
INSEE code 54528
Website www.mairie-toul.fr

Saint-Gengoult church

Template: Infobox municipality in France / maintenance / different coat of arms in Wikidata

Toul ( German Tull as a free imperial city , from Latin Tullum Leucorum ) is a French city ​​with 15,832 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in the Grand Est region . It is the main town ( sub-prefecture ) of the arrondissement of Toul .

geography

The city of Toul is located in northeast France , at the westernmost point of the Moselle (Moselle), about 320 kilometers east of Paris and 18 kilometers west of Nancy . Toul is also opened up by the Canal de la Marne au Rhin ( German: Rhine-Marne Canal ), which enables a navigable connection from the Paris area to the Rhine by using other canals .

history

Toul was founded in a place already inhabited in prehistoric times by the Gallic tribe of the Leukes , who are mentioned only once in Caesars De Bello Gallico . Their neighbors were the Mediomatrics , the Lingons and the Sequans . The Leukes, like the Sequani and the Lingons, supplied grain to Caesar when the Roman army camped in Vesontio (Besançon) to stock up for the campaign against Ariovistus ( 58 BC ; De Bello Gallico , I, 40).

Toul was born in 51 BC. Occupied by the Romans. The city's location on the Lyon-Trier Roman road , which ran right through the city (today's Rue Michatel), made its economic development possible. With the Edict of Tolerance of Milan , which laid down the equality of Christianity with pagan religions in 313 , the missionary Mansuetus (Saint Mansuy) came to the city in the middle of the 4th century . He became the first bishop of Toul in 365 and headed a large diocese that spanned the borders of the Leuk territory.

The Franks ended Roman rule in Toul, which at that time was called Tullum Leucorum . After the Pax Romana a barbaric time began with recurring invasions. The city was devastated several times, in particular in 451 by the Huns under Attila . After the battle of Zülpich , the Frankish king Clovis I stayed in Toul and was converted to Christianity by the Holy Waast . After the death of Clovis, Toul belonged one after the other to the Frankish sub-empire of Australia , in which the Carolingians first prevailed, and after renewed partitions of the Frankish empire to Lotharingia .

During these epochs, the bishops received donations from Dagobert I (623), Charlemagne (804) and Arnulf of Lorraine (894), which strengthened their secular power. Heinrich I finally affirmed the position of the bishops in Eastern Franconia in the “Charter of Mainz” (928) by granting them extensive rights. The diocese of Toul and those of Metz and Verdun formed the " three dioceses ", which were ruled as spiritual territories ( bishopric Metz and others) also in secular law by their bishops.

Gothic Cathedral of St. Etienne (St. Stephan) in Toul, west facade and towers

The bishops ruled into the 10th century. Over time, the citizens became increasingly dissatisfied with the clerical administration and wanted to be involved in the government. The often bloody disputes, often fought over minor issues, lasted over 300 years and led to the granting of communal freedoms.

Toul, then often called Tull , became the Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation .

In 1552, King Henry II of France conquered the city and its territory. In connection with the Peace of Westphalia , it was officially annexed by France in 1648. Vauban then fortified the city and integrated it into the French defense system.

The division of the diocese in 1777 initiated the descent of Toul in favor of the new and dynamic city of Nancy. Numerous churches, monasteries and abbeys were destroyed by the French Revolution and the diocese was dissolved after almost 14 centuries with the Concordat of 1801 .

Toul was besieged by the German army in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870 because the fortress blocked an important railway line. At first there was hardly any fighting, as unsuccessful talks about a ceasefire were ongoing. After eight hours of bombardment with heavy siege artillery , the fortress surrendered on September 23, 1870.

Thereafter, the city was expanded into the belt fortress Fester Platz Toul as part of the system of the Barrière de fer . During the First World War , however, no fighting took place here.

During the Second World War , too , Toul was fiercely fought, and there was a military airfield in the northeast of the city . During the five-day siege in June 1940, the city suffered severe damage. 40% of the old town was in ruins. It took a long time to restore the monuments in the old town and the cathedral, which was damaged by an air raid on June 19, 1940. During the war, temporary roofs were erected over the naves, which were finally replaced in the 1980s.

Partnerships

Already in the 1950s to the war justified itself to overcome between the Catholic parishes of Toul and Andernach one on the Rhine community partnership with regular visits and school exchanges between German and French families.

At the political level, a town partnership was established with the German town of Hamm in Westphalia in 1987 .

Population development

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2007 2017
Residents 14,155 14,780 16,454 17.406 17,281 16,945 16,230 15,832

Viticulture

Toul gives its name to the " Côtes de Toul " , the most important wine-growing region in the former Lorraine region, which was given AOC status (Appellation d'origine contrôlée) in 1998. The Appelation Côtes de Toul extends over 110 hectares on the slopes of a range of hills west of the city and includes the municipalities of Lucey , Bruley , Pagney-derrière-Barine , Domgermain , Charmes la Côte , Mont le Vignoble , Blénod-lès-Toul and Bulligny . The grape varieties Pinot Noir ( Pinot Noir ), Gamay and Pinot Meunier (Black Riesling) are permitted for red and rosé wines, and Auxerrois and Aubin Blanc for white wine. The best-known wine in the region is the Gris de Toul , a very light rosé wine that must consist of at least 85 percent Pinot Noir and / or Gamay.

Attractions

Vauban's ramparts and Saint-Etienne cathedral
  • St-Etienne cathedral in Gothic style, built in the 13th (choir) to 15th (facade) centuries.
  • Saint-Gengoult , former collegiate church, 13th to 15th centuries.
  • Several houses in the old town from the 14th to 18th centuries.
  • Fortress walls of the city of Vauban , 17th century.
  • Former Saint-Mansuy abbey with Romanesque crypt (in front of the city ramparts).
  • Synagogue , built around 1812 ( Monument historique )

traffic

The Canal de la Marne au Rhin runs through Toul . In the course of the canalization of the Moselle, a canal branch with a short connection to the river was created in the north of the city.

The Toul train station opened in 1852. It is located on the Paris – Strasbourg , Toul – Culmont – Chalindrey and Toul – Rosières-aux-Salines railway lines .

In the south of the city the national road N 4 ( Paris - Strasbourg ) meets the motorway A 31 ( Beaune - Zoufftgen ). The national roads N 60 (Toul– Châteauneuf-sur-Loire ), N 404 ( Manheulles - Gripport ), N 408 (Toul– Warcq ), N 409 (Toul– Neuves-Maisons ) and N 411 (Toul– Dieulouard ) became departmental roads downgraded.

  • Canal de la Marne au Rhin with railway bridge and bascule bridge

  • Canal junction in Toul, branching off to the right the new canal to the Moselle

  • Toul train station

  • Toul train station around 1900

Personalities

  • Saint-Etienne cathedral, view from the northeast

  • Saint-Etienne cathedral, interior view with altar and apse

  • View of the Rue de la Petite Boucherie

  • Partial view of Vauban's ramparts

literature

  • Inge and Dieter Wernet: Toul. The story of a French camp fortress. Helios Verlag, Aachen 2009, ISBN 978-3-86933-000-6 .

Web links

Commons : Toul  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Tull in the Topographia Palatinatus Rheni (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Yvonne Stock: Jubilee in Andernach: St. Stephan parish celebrates its 50th birthday. Rhein-Zeitung , August 25, 2016, accessed on July 10, 2018 .