Zähringen Castle (Gundelfingen)
| Zähringen Castle | ||
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_02.jpg) Zähringen Castle - round tower |
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| Creation time : | 1000 to 1100 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Princes | |
| Place: | Gundelfingen -Wildtal | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 1 '31 " N , 7 ° 53' 3" E | |
| Height: | 478.3 m | |
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The zähringen castle is the ruins of a hilltop castle on a spur of Roßkopf 478.3 m above sea level. NN near Gundelfingen in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district in Baden-Württemberg . It is the namesake of the aristocratic family of the Zähringen and is located in the Gundelfingen district of Wildtal above Freiburg - Zähringen .
history
Traces of settlement can already be found on the Zähringer Burgberg from the Neolithic Michelsberg culture , followed by Celts from the Hallstatt period , who fortified the summit with a wood-earth construction, and the Latène period from around the 7th century BC. In the 4th / 5th In the AD century there was an Alemannic hill settlement , possibly in connection with an Alemannic petty king, for which the castle hill had been leveled over a large area. The first mentions of the place name Zähringen date from shortly after the year 1000, but it is not clear whether this already refers to a fortification or the present-day Freiburg district of Zähringen. The first reliable mention of Zähringen Castle took place in 1128, when a document was issued in the Rotulus Sanpetrinus apud castrum Zaringen . Berthold II moved out of the castle in 1091 and began building Freiburg Castle on the Schlossberg , as its location seemed more advantageous from a military and commercial strategic point of view. In 1146 Zähringen Castle was captured by the later Emperor Barbarossa .
After the Zähringer population died out in 1218, Emperor Friedrich II moved in the Zähringer castle as an imperial fief . Between 1246 and 1250, the castle complex was captured and destroyed by Count Konrad I of Freiburg . In 1278 the castle suffered further destruction during property disputes between the empire and the Counts of Freiburg and the city of Freiburg, after 1281 it was rebuilt on behalf of Rudolf I von Habsburg . At the end of the 13th century, the castle was first given to the Counts of Spitzenberg as an imperial pledge, and then to the Counts of Freiburg in 1296.
In 1327 the castle was sold by the Freiburg counts for 303 silver marks to the knight Schnewlin Berenlapp , in the 15th century it became a Ganerbeburg . In 1422, the Baden Margrave Bernhard I acquired a quarter of the complex, later partners included Konrad Stürtzel von Buchheim and Blumenecker . In 1815 the castle , which had already been finally destroyed in the Peasants' War in 1525, became the property of the House of Baden .
The Friborg fraternity Teutonia has been celebrating its foundation festival at Zähringen Castle since 1851 .
Today the castle complex is owned by the city of Freiburg; it has been preserved as a ruin with an 18 meter high crenellated round tower from the 13th century with a viewing platform .
literature
- Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Volume 6, Tübingen 1904, pp. 369-370 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library ).
- Alfons Zettler , Thomas Zotz : The castles in the medieval Breisgau. I. The northern part, half-band A-K . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2003, ISBN 3-7995-7364-X , pp. 160-174.
- Peter Albert : Zähringen Castle and its owners. History and description , Freiburg im Breisgau 1912.
- JB Fischer: Historical overview . In: Baden Architects and Engineers Association, Upper Rhine District (Ed.): Freiburg im Breisgau. The city and its buildings . HM Poppen & Sohn, Freiburg im Breisgau 1898, p. 23 ( Scan - Wikisource ).
- Joseph Schlippe : Burg Zähringen , in: Badische Heimat , 44 (1964), 1/2, pp. 113–125.
Web links
- Entry on Zähringen in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Zähringen Castle at breisgau-burgen.de
- Zähringen Castle at burgenarchiv.de
- Zähringer Castle at alemannische-seiten.de
- Zähringen Castle at badischewanderungen.de.tl
Individual evidence
- ^ Vasco Hachtmann, The Iron Age ceramics from the Zähringer Burgberg near Freiburg im Breisgau . Publishing house Marie Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 2011. p. 5
- ↑ ZGORh. 12, p. 456
- ^ Karl Schmid (Ed.): The Zähringer. Volume 1: A tradition and its exploration. Sigmaringen 1986, p. 228.
- ↑ Hans Schadek and Karl Schmid (eds.): Die Zähringer. Volume 2: Impulse and Effect. Sigmaringen 1986, p. 389.