Schopfheim Castle

Schopfheim Castle
Theft at the former Schopfheim City Palace
Creation time :	circa 1250
Conservation status:	built-in wall parts ( stables )
Standing position :	Nobles ; Margraves
Geographical location	47 ° 39 '4.1 "  N , 7 ° 49' 10.1"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '4.1 "  N , 7 ° 49' 10.1"  E

The Schopfheim Castle is a abgegangenes Castle , which in Schopfheim was and probably in 1250 by the city's founder Konrad of Rötteln was built.

history

The first known documentary mention of the village of Schopfheim ( Villa Scofheim ) dates from July 26th, 807. A donation to the St. Gallen monastery was documented. At this point in time, the place had probably been inhabited for 200 years, which is derived from the Alemannic stone plate graves that were found. In 1138 a Schopfheim citizen obtained permission from Dietrich von Rötteln for a donation to the Bürgeln Monastery , from which it is deduced that at that time the Röttlers already had rulership rights in Schopfheim. At the beginning of the 13th century, the Alsatian monastery Murbach also owned property in Schopfheim. The Habsburgs were the governors of the Murbach monastery and also had fiefs in Breisgau from it, including the court in Schopfheim and Rötteln Castle . It is not known when and how these goods came to the monastery and then from the Habsburgs to the Röttler. However, the Habsburgs still claimed fiefdom until 1741. Margrave Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg recognized these claims in 1372 and 1387, but mostly they were disputed by the margraves and de facto the Habsburgs never ruled in Schopfheim and Rötteln. It can be assumed that the Röttlers, as partisans of the Zähringers, also took possession of the St. Gallen monastery, which was defeated in the battles against the Zähringer, in the 11th century. Around 1250 Schopfheim was probably elevated to a town. The issuance of a certificate about a donation in Kirchen around 1244 in Schopfheim suggests that it is of high importance. The Schopfheim city ​​book from 1374 already refers to an even older city book. Since around 1250 Schopfheim presumably belonged to the rule Rötteln and Konrad von Rötteln ruled there, who was also buried in the Schopfheim church , so he is regarded as the founder of the city.

It is also assumed that the castle was not built before the city was founded, i.e. around 1250. The town and castle shared the fate of the Rötteln rule and in 1316 came to the margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg .

Margrave Rudolf III married in 1373. von Hachberg-Sausenberg's first marriage to Adelheid von Lichtenberg , daughter of Simon von Lichtenberg, lord of Hüneburg Castle in Alsace. The marriage contract was signed on August 13, 1372 at Schopfheim Castle.

Nothing is known about damage to the castle in the town fire of 1330 or the Basel earthquake in 1356 . On November 25, 1412, a fire broke out in the castle kitchen, which severely destroyed the kitchen and stables of the castle and a total of 47 buildings in the city. Margrave Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg had the damage to the castle repaired in 1413.

In 1503 Schopfheim came together with the entire Margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg to Margrave Christoph I of Baden and when the country was divided under his sons in 1535 to the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach . In 1556 the Reformation was introduced, with which the Margraviate and Schopfheim were later almost enclosed by hostile, Catholic territory. During the Thirty Years' War the castle and town were badly damaged. Only the tower used as a prison (hence the thief tower ) is said to have been usable of the castle . There was no reconstruction and the remains fell into disrepair.

The only remainder of the castle, the theft storm, was demolished in 1834.

description

The castle was in the northwest corner of the medieval city. It consisted of a solid four-story tower. A wing with the stately apartments, the castle kitchen and the stables extended south from the tower. The Zum Hans Sachs guest house is located in the area where the stables used to be . From the tower to the east, another wing with the tithe barns and the stately mill, which was already on the site of today's town mill , extended.

literature

• Werner Meyer : Castles from A to Z - Burgenlexikon der Regio . Published by the Castle Friends of both Basels on the occasion of their 50th anniversary. Klingental printing works, Basel 1981, p. 33
• Karl Seith : Contributions to the history of the city of Schopfheim. In connection with German history. Stadt Schopfheim, Schopfheim, 1976, p. 40 (with sketch of the location), p. 59-60
• August Eberlin: History of the city of Schopfheim and its surroundings in connection with contemporary history , Schopfheim 1878, pp. 16-17 (reprint 1983)
• Karl Seith: From the preservation of monuments. To restore a gate of the former margravial castle at today's inn "Zum Hans Sachs" in Schopfheim. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 4-1929 / 30, pp. 124–127 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
• Christian Adolf Müller: Schopfheim. In: Das Markgräflerland, 1973, special issue Burgen und Schlösser, pp. 16–18 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
• Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Schopfheim , Volume Five: District of Lörrach , Tübingen and Leipzig, 1901, p. 190 ( digital copy from Heidelberg University Library )

Web links

Commons : Schopfheim Palace  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Regional information system of Baden-Württemberg (LeoBW): Schopfheim: Coat of arms of Margrave Rudolf III von Rötteln from 1413 - archive material

Individual evidence

1. ↑ s. Meyer p. 33; Eberlin p. 16 suspects the castle as early as 1100
2. ↑ s. Seith (1976) p. 59
3. ↑ Festschrift for the 1200th anniversary , s. also Seith (1976) pp. 24-26
4. ↑ s. Seith (1976) p. 24
5. ↑ s. Since (1976) p. 39
6. ↑ Aloys Schulte : History of the Habsburgs in the first three centuries . Innsbruck, 1887, p. 89 online in the Internet Archive
7. ↑ s. Seith (1976) p. 39
8. ↑ Seith (1976) p. 39 presumed as early as 1240
9. ↑ s. Seith (1976) p. 39
10. ↑ s. Meyer p. 33
11. ↑ s. Schubring: Rötteler Chronik p. 77, footnote 58 on p. 193
12. ↑ s. Regesta of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050 - 1515 , published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester , Innsbruck 1892, h719 and h729
13. ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book. Volume 2: He-Lysser. Heidelberg 1905, p. 492. (online at: diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de )  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
14. ↑ s. Seith (1976) p. 46
15. ↑ Rötteler Chronik . In: August Christoph Bernoulli (editor): Basler Chroniken, Volume 5, Hirzel, Leipzig 1895, pp. 147–148 in the Internet Archive ; the estimate of 47 buildings comes from Seith (1976) p. 67 and includes the outbuildings.
16. ↑ s. Meyer