Rheinweiler Castle

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Rheinweiler Castle

Rheinweiler Castle is a castle built around 1715 in what is now the Rheinweiler district of Bad Bellingen by the Barons von Rotberg , which today houses a nursing home for the district of Lörrach .

location

The castle is located on the high bank of the Rhine in the north of the Bad Bellingen district of Rheinweiler. The A5 federal motorway and the Old Rhine , which was created here by the Rhine canal , run directly below the terrace . The German-French border runs along the valley path of the Old Rhine. In the north-east lies the main town Bad-Bellingen and its district Bamlach and west of the Rhine the French municipality of Petit-Landau . In the west, across the Rhine, lies the French community of Niffer . South of Rheinweiler are the districts of Kleinkems and Blansingen , which belong to the municipality of Efringen-Kirchen .

history

As early as 1417 Hans Ludemann von Rotberg acquired half of the imperial fiefdom of Bamlach and Rheinweiler, and in 1434 Bernhard von Rotberg also acquired the other half. A castle in Rheinweiler also belonged to the imperial fiefdom. “The old castle, which belonged to the Reichslehen, was in Rheinweiler on the street; it consisted of a house, chapel, farm building, herb garden and tree garden, and was surrounded by walls and ditches. "

There is no definite news about the further structural development of this castle. After the von Rotberg family sold their previous headquarters, Rotberg Castle , to the city of Solothurn in 1516 and relocated their headquarters to Rheinweiler, this probably also had an impact on the building.

During the Dutch War , the old castle was destroyed by the French in 1676. The old castle was not rebuilt. Presumably in 1715 the von Rotberg had a residential and a farm building built on the site of today's castle. On September 17, 1793, the French Revolutionary Army tried to cross the Rhine below the castle and was repulsed in a battle near Rheinweiler .

Inner courtyard with right wing. The Rotberg-Gilsa marriage coat of arms can be seen above the old main portal in the round tower

Due to devastation and billeting in connection with the campaigns of Napoleon I, the Rheinweiler castle estate was extremely indebted at the beginning of the 19th century. The need became an almost unbearable burden when the lord of the castle and landlord, Freiherr Friedrich August von Rotberg, died in 1813 and his wife, Freiin Pauline Waldner von Freundstein, had to fight with nine children to keep the family property. Salvation came through the marriage of General Count Johann von Rapp (adjutant to Napoleon I and Peer of France ) on January 12, 1816 with the daughter of the lord of the castle, who died in 1813, the Baroness Albertine Charlotte von Rotberg. Rapp took over the castle estate on August 9, 1817, which meant that it was retained by the family.

In 1908 the Rotberg family had the castle redesigned by the well-known Munich architect Ernst Haiger . The two separate buildings were connected by the "round" intermediate building. The stables became living space and a ballroom and veranda were added. In 1901, when the cultural monuments were added to the Grand Duchy of Baden, the palace building was classified as a “simple 17th century building”. The redesign by Haiger created a piece of jewelery in the neo-baroque style .

  • Union coat of arms above today's main entrance of Rheinweiler Castle by Karl Theodor Freiherr von Rotberg (-Rheinweiler) (1793–1876) and Octavia Freiin von Lotzbeck auf Weyhern (1811–1883)

  • Union coat of arms above the entrance in the round tower of Rheinweiler Castle by Theodor Richard Konstantin Kurt Freiherr v. Rotberg (Rheinweiler line) and Margaretha Freiin from and to Gilsa

Todays use

Rheinweiler Castle 1978

On April 24, 1928, the district of Lörrach acquired Rheinweiler Castle from the Rotberg family and converted it into a nursing home, which was then opened on September 15, 1928. In 1940 the nursing home was evacuated during World War II and suffered severe damage from artillery fire. After the home residents returned at the beginning of 1944, they were evacuated again in November of that year. In 1945 they were able to return to the damaged building, but it was not until 1951 that the roof and facade were renewed and the destroyed outbuilding rebuilt. In the years 1965, 1974–1978 and 1998–1999 renovations and modifications were carried out on the buildings.

The home along with nursing homes in Weil am Rhein and Wiechs as Eigenbetrieb out of the district and has "now has 48 inpatient courts, two housing communities, each with 11 seats, a day care, a outpatient service and the service offer meals on wheels."

literature

  • Joseph Bader : The former rule of Bamlach and Rheinweiler , In: Badenia, first volume, Heidelberg 1864, pp. 25–58 at Google Books
  • Carl Gustav Fecht: The Großh. Baden district of Müllheim , Lörrach 1861, pp. 201–205 online at the University of Cologne
  • Fritz Schülin: Napoleon's General Count J. Rapp and his family ties to the family of the Barons von Rotberg in Rheinweiler. in: The Markgräflerland. Issue 1/2 1977, p. 79 ff.
  • Hans-Detlef Müller: 900 years of Rheinweiler , in: Das Markgräflerland, Volume 1/1999, pp. 5–29
  • Hubert Gilgin: War events of the 17th to 19th centuries around Bad Bellingen , in: Das Markgräflerland, Volume 1/1999, pp. 30–52
  • Fritz Schülin: The imperial fiefdom Bamlach-Rheinweiler owned by the Lords of Rotberg (1417-1866) . In: The Markgräflerland. Issue 1/2 1977, p. 103 ff.
  • Land and sovereign rights of the Lords of Rotberg in the bans of their empire-free villages Bamlach and Rheinweiler . In: The Markgräflerland. Issue 1/2 1977, pp.

Web links

Commons : Rheinweiler Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bader p. 44
  2. ↑ s. Bader p. 54
  3. ↑ s. Contactor
  4. ^ Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Tübingen and Leipzig, 1901, fifth volume - district of Lörrach; P. 139 ( online here )
  5. ↑ s. Home page of the nursing home

Coordinates: 47 ° 42 ′ 39 ″  N , 7 ° 31 ′ 56 ″  E