Günterstal

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Coat of arms Freiburg
coat of arms
Günterstal
Freiburg im Breisgau
City district Freiburg (FR)
Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany
Location in the urban district of Freiburg
Basic data
District of Freiburg
District number: 43 (district: 430)
Structure: Oberdorf,
Unterdorf
incorporated on: 1890
Geographic location : 47 ° 57 '56 "  N , 7 ° 51' 26"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 57 '56 "  N , 7 ° 51' 26"  E
Height : 330  m above sea level NN
Area : 15.10  km²
Residents : 2,086 (December 31, 2017)
Population density : 138 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners : 14%
Postal code : 79100
Area code : 0761
Internet presence: www.freiburg.de

The village of Günterstal is the southernmost district of Freiburg im Breisgau . It is located in the so-called Bohrer Valley (after the handicraft of the Deichel- Bohrer) at the foot of the 1284 meter high Schauinsland in the Black Forest on Günterstal, which is why Freiburg prides itself on being Germany's highest city. Günterstal has around 1650 inhabitants (as of 2008) and is separated from Freiburg by a two-kilometer-wide settlement break, the Wonnhaldewiesen. The village was incorporated into Freiburg in 1890. The southern neighboring municipality is Horben .

History of the Cistercian convent

Günterstal is mentioned by name for the first time in a deed of ownership from the year 804, at that time as "Gundherrerhusir" (Günther's houses) in the Mark of Merzhausen . Around 300 years later the place reappears under the name "Guntheristal". Around 1221 a nobleman, who according to a tradition from the 18th century was called Günther von Kibenfels, gave his daughter Adelheid land in Günterstal. There she and her companions build a small monastery complex. The monastery in "Gunterstal" is mentioned for the first time in a document from 1224 . Günther von Kibenfels cannot, however, be the namesake of the place, as the name "Günter" appeared in the place name much earlier.

Günterstal from the Kybfelsen

The community around Adelheid joins the Cistercian Order , which, especially since Bernhard von Clairvaux had also preached in Freiburg, sparked enthusiasm in the course of the crusade movement. After the death of Adelheid's father, the rest of his property also fell to the monastery community, including the “Kibenfels” castle ( Kybfelsen castle ). A property register from 1344 shows that the monastery had properties in 90 localities at that time, including today's Mundenhof municipal animal enclosure . During this time, the Günterstal community included around 25 houses in addition to other property. Noble families in the region such as B. the Küchlin , the Giving and the Schnewlin make donations to the monastery. Their unmarried daughters who enter the monastery, unlike in a so-called women's monastery, have to transfer all property to the monastery and provide the abbesses, who also have a seat and vote in the Upper Austrian provincial estates . In 1486 the monastery was affected by a flood. The monastery was plundered several times in times of war and lost possessions. In 1632 the nuns narrowly escaped the Swedes by fleeing to the Rheinau monastery . In 1674 the monastery under Abbess Agnes von Greuth released its subjects from serfdom. After the economic situation of the monastery had improved, Abbess Maria Rosa von Neveu decided in 1727 to replace the old monastery building with a new one. In the period from 1728 to 1738, a completely new, baroque monastery complex was built under the pious and energetic abbess Maria Franziska Cajetana von Zurthannen, who came from the Black Forest, according to the plans of Peter Thumb , of whose church nothing has survived except the portal. Of the formerly rich furnishings of the monastery church, only a holy blood relic , which the Reichenau monastery gave to the Cistercian women in 1737, the monstrance belonging to it from 1738 and (probably) the baptismal font in Günterstal remain; two side altars are today in the church of Buchenbach , the choir stalls in Kirchzarten , a confessional in the church of the former Schuttern monastery . The complex of monastery buildings and their walls still characterize the town center today. In 1806 the monastery was dissolved by order of Napoleon .

Günterstal after secularization

The monastery building was acquired by the Freiburg company Mez in 1812, which set up a factory there. This represents a major turning point for the residents of Günterstal, as the monastery rule, which lasted almost 600 years, had shaped the lives of the villagers. Günterstal is now a politically independent municipality. However, this is hardly viable because its corresponding assets are missing. As an "island" within the Freiburg district, for example, the Günterstäler have to take part in the costly maintenance of the road network. The citizens' assembly therefore resolves to join Freiburg, which is completed in 1890 through the incorporation.

In 1829 the monastery was almost completely destroyed in a fire. First, Hermann's entrepreneurial family rebuilt some of the monastery buildings and built a brewery in them. In 1833–34 the current church was built by the Baden government using parts of the baroque church facade and tombstones of the last abbess and a pastor on the outer wall and gradually refurbished. The oldest piece is the 14th century Madonna and Child in the entrance area. The altar bar and the tabernacle structure by Johann Michael Winterhalder (1706–1759), who is also the creator of the cross on the right side wall and the pulpit, come from the church of Tennenbach Monastery , which was demolished in 1830 . The Way of the Cross dates from 1863 and was created by Wilhelm Dürr the Elder for the church of the Collegium Borromäum in Freiburg. The colored window glazing from the Freiburg workshop Helmle & Merzweiler was used from 1885 to 1902. The grating in the chancel dates from 1888. The retable, the side altars and the pulpit staircase were rebuilt during the renovation from 1998 to 2002 by Peter Hillenbrand, an architect from the episcopal building authority, using found objects from various origins.

Monument with hunters fountain

In the Baden Revolution of 1848/49, Günterstal was the scene of a tragic battle. The neighboring town of Horben is Franz Sigel's "base of operations" . Here his vanguard under Gustav von Struve meets a delegation from Freiburg under the leadership of the student Hermann Mors, who reports that the city sided with the rebels on April 22, 1848 and is waiting for the Sigels troops. Contrary to Sigel's express order, Struve and his 400 men advanced beyond Günterstal to the valley exit at today's Sternwaldeck. There the crowd meets troops from Baden . Struve's hope that the soldiers will defeat is deceptive. There is a brief skirmish near Günterstal , the irregulars are routed and pursued as far as Günterstal. About 20 militants and three soldiers are killed in the battle. Two of them erected a memorial to their comrades at the Jägerbrunnen that still exists.

In 1892 the buildings of the former monastery were acquired by the Freiburg Orphanage Foundation. After the incorporation, Günterstal's transport links improved with the construction of the tram in 1901, and the catering trade experienced an upswing.

Saint Lioba

Benedictine convent of St. Lioba

The number of courtyards is decreasing, new country houses and villas are being built. At the north-western entrance to the village, the "Villa Wohlgemuth" was built in an exposed location from 1906 to 1913 for the chief magistrate in Müllheim August Wohlgemuth in the Tuscan style . The frescoes of this building by the architect Fritz Seitz come from the brother of the builder, Wilhelm Wohlgemuth (painter) (1870–1942). "As a total work of art, the Villa Wohlgemuth is one of the outstanding buildings of historicism in Freiburg" (HH Hofstätter). Due to inflation , August Wohlgemuth sold his property in 1927 for 275,000 gold marks to the newly founded congregation of the Benedictine Sisters of St. Lioba , whose mother house she became - after some minor renovations inside the building. The sisters take on educational, social and ecclesiastical tasks and maintain the liturgical chant. The house “St. Placidus “, in which Edith Stein lived in 1931/32 . After her first trip to Günterstal, the saint , who was declared the “ Patroness of Europe ”, reported: “In front of the entrance to the village, on the edge of the forest, a little higher, is a large house in the purest Italian style. The strange sight immediately catches the eye. The tram conductors told you it was the Wohgemut'sche villa. As often as one passed by, one wished to be able to enter this closed paradise. It was to become dear to me later when it passed into the possession of the Lioba sisters. "

Currently (as of 2008) around 80 sisters live in the mother house of the Benedictine Sisters. At the foot of the mother house, a small house, "Subiaco", named after the famous Subiaco Territorial Abbey , was set up in February 2008 . It is run by the Benedictines and offers young people the opportunity to live in a small community for a while.

Transport links

The tram goes through the gatehouse of the former monastery

tram

Günterstal has been connected to the city center with line 2 of the Freiburg tram , which is operated by the Freiburger Verkehrs AG , since 1901 . Most of the rails run alongside Schauinslandstrasse . In Günterstal, the tram has three stops : Wiesenweg , Klosterplatz and the final stop, Dorfstraße . Until the end of 2014, when the extension of the cross-border line 8 of the Basel tram to Weil am Rhein , it was the southernmost in Germany. - now it is only the southernmost tram stop of a German transport company .

bus

The bus line 21 starts at the tram terminus, which runs during the day via the valley station of the Schauinslandbahn to Horben . Line 21 runs every 15 to 20 minutes to the valley station of the cable car, every hour a bus continues up the mountain to Horben.

Liebfrauenkirche and former monastery building
Matthias Claudius Chapel

Ride-on benches

There have been two ride-on benches in Günterstal since 2019 : one at the terminus of the tram line for the direction of Horben and one at the southern entrance to the city center.

Location description

The district can be divided into the upper village, the southern part, and the lower village, which is located to the north, facing the city. The border runs through Maximilian-Kolbe-Weg to the terminus and then along Kuenzersteige.

Oberdorf

The upper village is loosely built with villas and other partly comfortable single-family houses. There are also:

  • the Günterstäler Weiher
  • the St. Valentin inn

Unterdorf

The Unterdorf is closer to the city of Freiburg. Two bakeries closed in the 2010s. The nearest supermarket is on Lorettostraße in the Wiehre district .

Other noteworthy buildings and facilities:

  • the Günterstäler Tor, which was formerly the entrance to the monastery area
  • the St. Lioba monastery of the Benedictines (former Villa Wohlgemuth)
  • the Catholic Church of Our Lady with adjoining cemetery with graves of well-known personalities (see below)
  • the Protestant Matthias Claudius Chapel
  • the school house (today a school for the mentally handicapped) with the multi-purpose hall
  • a daycare center
  • various inns with fine to simple cuisine; At the Kybfelsen inn there is a memorial plaque to Edith Stein , who often stayed there
  • Café with roastery
  • a gas station
  • the children's playground with barbecue area
  • the Günterstal youth group

nature and landscape

Waldtraut vom Mühlwald ⊙ , Germany's tallest tree
Work for the drilling dam of the rain retention basin at the Vorderen Bohrermühle in Bohrertal (April 2020)

The Russian writer Maxim Gorki wrote about the landscape around Günterstal during his stay in 1923: “We live in a beautiful, green valley near Freiburg and intend to stay here for the winter. The vegetation is interesting here, not only because of its colors, but also because of its shape: thuja, cypress, various conifers. It is a mild, mountainous landscape ... "

Tallest tree in Germany

In the Mühlwald, part of the Freiburg-Günterstal arboretum , there is the tallest tree in Germany, perhaps even Europe, a Douglas fir with a trunk circumference of 300 cm at the base and a height of around 65 m. It was given the name Waldtraut vom Mühlwald ⊙ . In August 2008 it relegated the Eberbacher Douglas fir to second place, the measurements of both trees were carried out by a measurement team from the geodetic institute of the University of Karlsruhe . The last known measurement, which was initiated by the municipal forestry office, took place in March 2017 and resulted in a height of 66.581 m.

Flood protection

After years of planning and disputes, the state promised the city of Freiburg a grant of 8.8 million euros for the construction of a 13.5 meter high, 275 meter long and up to 80 meter wide dam in the Bohrertal on the Horben district. A farmer in Horben, whose areas are mainly affected, sued the administrative court in Mannheim against the city's planning approval decision, which approved the dam in Horben . Nature conservation associations and Freiburg citizens' associations had also raised massive objections to the Bohrerdamm. After the city made substitute land available to the Horben farmer, the legal dispute is over. It is also planned to increase the existing flood retention basin on the Breitmatte by two meters between the Günterstal and Wiehre districts. Against this, there was resistance from the Mittel- und Unterwiehre Citizens' Association, but no legal action was taken against it. The groundbreaking for the Bohrerdamm took place in February 2020, and construction on Breitmatte is to begin in summer. From the end of 2022 Template: future / in 2 years, not only will the existing Freiburg districts be protected from a flood of the century by this 19.5 million euro project, they are also a prerequisite for the construction of the planned Dietenbach district .

Famous pepole

  • Sepp Allgeier (1895–1968), cameraman and photographer, is buried in the Günterstal cemetery.
  • Jonas Cohn (1869–1947), philosopher and educator, lived in Günterstal.
  • Richard Engelmann (1868–1966), sculptor, is buried in the Günterstal cemetery.
  • Hans Filbinger (1913–2007), Prime Minister , lived in Günterstal for many years until his death and is also buried there.
  • Hermann Flamm (1871–1915), historian and archivist, born in Günterstal.
  • Maria Föhrenbach (1883–1961), founder of the women's order of the Benedictines OSB of Saint Lioba, is buried in the monastery cemetery of the Benedictines of Saint Lioba.
  • Swetlana Geier (1923–2010), literary translator, lived in Günterstal, where she also died.
  • Hans von Geyer zu Lauf (1895–1959) is buried in the Günterstal cemetery.
  • Maxim Gorki (1868–1936), Russian writer, lived with his lover Moura Budberg for a few months in Günterstal in 1923.
  • Rudolf Haufe (1903–1971), founder of the Rudolf-Haufe-Verlag , is buried in the Günterstal cemetery.
  • Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), philosopher; his ashes are buried in the Günterstal cemetery.
  • Wolfgang Kirchgässner (1928–2014), Freiburg Auxiliary Bishop from 1979 to 1998, lived in the mother house of St. Lioba.
  • Friedrich Rinne (1863–1933), mineralogist, is buried in the Günterstal cemetery.
  • Lutz Röhrich (1922–2006), folklorist and storyteller, first holder of the chair for folklore at the University of Freiburg, lived in Günterstal until his death and is buried there.
  • Carl Schuster (1854–1925), architect and painter. died in Günterstal.
  • Edith Stein (Sister Teresia Benedicta vom Kreuz, 1891–1942), philosopher, canonized by Pope John Paul II and accepted under the “ Patronage of Europe ” on October 11, 1998, lived in Günterstal in 1916, 1929 and 1931/32.
  • Hans Thieme (1906–2000), legal historian, is buried in the Günterstal cemetery.
  • Hildegardis Wulff (1896–1961), co-founder of the women's order of the Benedictine Sisters of Saint Lioba, is buried in the monastery cemetery of the Benedictine Sisters of Saint Lioba.
  • Ernst Zermelo (1871–1953), mathematician , is buried in the Günterstal cemetery.

literature

  • Josef Bader : The fate of the former Güntersthal women's monastery near Freiburg i. Br. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive Volume 5, 1870, pp. 119–206 ( digitized version ).
  • Ernst Dreher: Günterstal. Its history from the beginnings to the dissolution of the monastery in 1806. The Günterstal community between 1806 and 1830 . Lahr, undated ISBN 3-9801383-3-X .
    • Ernst Dreher: The community of Günterstal between 1806 and 1830 in: Schau-ins-Land: Annual booklet of the Breisgau history association Schauinsland , Volume 114, Freiburg im Breisgau 1995, pp. 135–161 ( digitized ).
    • Ernst Dreher: The Günterstal community from 1806 to 1830 (2nd part). in: Schau-ins-Land: Annual issue of the Breisgau history association Schauinsland , Volume 116, Freiburg im Breisgau 1997, pp. 253–281 ( digitized version ).
  • Karin Groll-Jörger: Günterstal Volume 1: From Secularization to Incorporation 1806–1890 , Freiburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-935737-26-5 .
  • Karin Groll-Jörger: Günterstal and his mats in the mirror of history. A cultural landscape and its development , Freiburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-935737-67-8 .
  • Karin Groll-Jörger: The devil's throw. Of miracles, legends and fairy tales in and around Freiburg-Günterstal. Freiburg 2016. ISBN 978-3-935737-68-5

Web links

Commons : Günterstal  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Josef Bader: Günthersthal . In: August Schnezler: Badisches Sagen-Buch , I. Creuzbauer and Kasper, Karlsruhe 1846, pp. 387–388. ( Wikisource )
  2. ^ Hans Sigmund: Freiburg: Reunion: Villa Wohlgemuth in Günterstal. Badische Zeitung, August 15, 2016, accessed on August 15, 2016 .
  3. ^ History of Günterstal
  4. ↑ rm: Südwest: BZ portrait: With the tram across the border. Badische Zeitung, October 18, 2014, accessed on August 7, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Line timetables: Freiburger Verkehrs AG. Retrieved August 15, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Jule Arwinski: There are two passenger benches in Freiburg-Günterstal, but nobody stops. Badische Zeitung, August 22, 2019, accessed on August 23, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Bettina Gröber: The "Café Hornstein" is now history. Badische Zeitung, November 27, 2015, accessed on February 10, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Anja Bochtler: Orsverein Günterstal discussed infrastructure. Badische Zeitung, March 31, 2017, accessed on February 10, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Bettina Gröber: A nature day-care center is now moving into the former “Café Hornstein”. Badische Zeitung, August 31, 2016, accessed on February 10, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Felix Klingel: In Günterstal, a specialty café with its own roastery has opened. Badische Zeitung, July 19, 2018, accessed on February 10, 2019 .
  11. ↑ The Lord of the Dreams of All Foresters
  12. ↑ Now it's official: Germany's tallest tree is in Freiburg
  13. ↑ Simone Höhl: Freiburg's Waldtraut is the tallest tree in Germany . Badische Zeitung, March 21, 2017; accessed April 5, 2018
  14. ↑ Jelka Louisa Beule: Construction work for the flood dam in Bohrertal near Freiburg will start in autumn. Badische Zeitung, August 1, 2019, accessed on August 6, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Simone Lutz: Groundbreaking for the most controversial project of Freiburg flood protection. Badische Zeitung, February 7, 2020, accessed on February 9, 2020 .