Schauinsland
| Schauinsland | ||
|---|---|---|
 Aerial view of Schauinsland |
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| height | 1283.9 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany | |
| Mountains | Black Forest | |
| Dominance | 8.95 km → Feldberg | |
| Notch height | 165 m ↓ emergency cry | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 54 '43 " N , 7 ° 53' 55" E | |
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The Schauinsland in the Black Forest is 1283.9 m above sea level. NHN high local mountain of Freiburg im Breisgau and a destination. It used to be called "Erzkasten" because of silver mining ; the name "Schouwesland" appears for the first time in 1347. It is located around ten kilometers south-east of Freiburg city center.
geography
The summit of the Schauinsland lies within the Freiburg district. Directly to the south is the municipality of Oberried , to the west the municipalities of Münstertal / Black Forest , Bollschweil and Horben (clockwise).
Especially with inversion weather conditions in autumn , the Schauinsland offers excellent views "above the clouds" as far as the Vosges , the Hornisgrinde and the Alps : Tödi , Titlis , Eiger , Jungfrau , Weißhorn , Bietschhorn , Grand Combin , Mont Blanc . In contrast to the nearby Feldberg , the Swabian Alb is not visible; but a look down to Freiburg im Breisgau is possible.
history
Mining
Silver , lead and zinc have been mined in the Schauinsland for over 700 years . The mining was in the Middle Ages, very productive, so that the in the 14th century some entrepreneurs pit Dieselmuot glass window for the Freiburg Cathedral donated. The miners lived right next to the mines in two settlements on the Schauinsland that were abandoned during the 16th century. The silver won was traded from Freiburg or minted into coins in the city.
The mine workings reach a total length of around 100 kilometers, spread over 22 levels . At the beginning of the 20th century, around 250 miners were employed here. It was not until 1954 that mining was stopped due to inefficiency.
Kappler's tunnel
Towards the end of the 19th century, the Kapplerstollen connected the two villages of Kappel and Hofsgrund . It is also called midwifery cave, because the midwives and the Kappl children could use it as an abbreviation for Hofsgrund.
Reuse
Since 1975 a part of the mine, the converted Barbarastollen , has been used by the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief as a repository for the Federal Republic's archival material copied on film rolls . The gallery is the largest archive for long-term archiving in Europe.
Museum mine
The Steiber research group, founded in 1976, cleared and measured several old mine workings. A part of the old ore mine has been open to the public as a museum mine since 1997. As part of guided tours, visitors are shown a broad spectrum from medieval tunnels to quarries and routes from the last operating phase.
Schauinsland race
From 1923 to 1984 the ADAC-Schauinsland race , a legendary hill climb , was held on Schauinslandstraße . This twelve kilometer long, serpentine route leads on public roads from Horben over the Holzschlägermatte to the mountain station of the Schauinslandbahn , but since 2001 only as a regularity ride for vintage cars .
Since 1984, the Schauinslandstrasse has been closed to motorcycles on weekends and public holidays from April 1st to November 1st .
Schauinslandkönig
Since 2007, a large individual mountain time trial with around 1000 participants for racing cyclists, but also for children's bike trailers, tandems, unicycles, handicapped riders, inline skaters and roller skis has been held on the L-124 "race track" between the Horben junction and the Schauinsland mountain station, the so-called " Schauinslandkönig “over 11.5 kilometers and 770 meters in altitude.
The Schauinslandkönig winners
- 2007: Pia Sundstedt (FIN, 37:15 min) and Florian Link (29:37 min)
- 2008: Martina Höllige (36:45 min) and Florian Link (29:14 min)
- 2009: Simone Schwarz (37:30 min) and Florian Link (29:04 min)
- 2010: Annika Grüber (37:13 min) and Sascha Ritschard (CH, 31:36 min)
- 2011: Sabine Kratt (38:00 min) and Florian Link (30:06 min)
- 2012: Martina Höllige (36:48 min) and Frederik Nagel (30:14 min)
- 2013: Martina Höllige (38:07 min) and Frederik Nagel (30:51 min)
- 2014: Ann-Katrin Hellstern (37:04 min) and Christoph Fuhrbach (30:35 min)
- 2015: No event
- 2016: No event
- 2017: Janine Meyer (36:01 min) and Andreas Schweizer (CH, 29:00 min)
- 2018: Andrea Erdmeier (37:01 min) and Simon Combes (F, 30:39 min)
- 2019: Katharina Fox (40:38 min) and David Breinlinger (30:55 min)
- 2020: Date: 13.09.2020
The Schauinslandkönig course records
- Women: Janine Meyer: 36:01 min (2017)
- Men: Andreas Schweizer (CH): 29:00 min (2017)
Wind turbines
Since 2003 there has been a controversial wind turbine on the wooden bat at the Schauinsland . Since the summit of the Schauinsland is in a nature reserve , the facility could not be there, but had to be further down to about 1000 m above sea level. NHN , so that the view from and to the summit is hardly restricted. At the beginning of 2003, the city of Freiburg under Lord Mayor Dieter Salomon and the regional council under the then head Sven von Ungern-Sternberg issued the building permit.
A few weeks after the start of construction, the regional council declared that the designation of the wooden bat as a location for wind turbines was not compatible with the nature conservation ordinance; in August, the Ministry of Economic Affairs under Walter Döring instructed the regional council to revoke the building permit. Nevertheless, the wind turbines were inaugurated in September 2003.
The legal dispute between the operating company and the authorities dragged on for years. The Freiburg artist Richard Schindler prepared an expert report that is considered the first of its kind. In general, the dispute was seen as the " private war of the then CDU Prime Minister Erwin Teufel against wind power and green Freiburg ". In 2006, a settlement was made to operate the plant until 2024 and then dismantle it. In June 2017, the regional council reported that four areas on the Schauinsland have now been designated for wind turbines, including the wooden bat. The existence of these wind turbines has now been secured.
Mountain house
The Hotel Burggraf (26 rooms / 74 beds), built on the mountain in 1936, was used by the French commandant's office until 1952 after the end of the war . In 1958 it became a children's recreation center, from which the school camp of the city of Pforzheim would later emerge. The city of Freiburg used the building as a dormitory for refugees from 1989 before it was used as a student residence in 1992. The conversion to a rehabilitation clinic with 48 beds by a doctor from the Groddeck Clinic failed due to changes in health laws and the resulting lack of credit and led to the insolvency of Georg-Groddeck-Klinik GmbH towards the end of 2000. The shell was empty from 2001 and was vandalized damaged in the area of the new doors and windows.
In 2011, three Freiburg couples bought the Berghaus and wanted to convert it into a seminar and recreation house by spring 2015. They were supported by members of the Service Civil International association. However, the project did not get enough participation. The house should now be sold again. In 2018, the conversion to a holiday apartment complex began, which should be ready in summer 2020.
Mountain hotel
In 1869, the stage manager of the Freiburg City Theater built and operated a hiking hut west below the summit. From this, the “Gasthaus zur Friedrichsruhe” or Rasthaus Schauinsland emerged in an eventful history. After a fire in 1926, the house was given its present form. Heinrich Sauerer and his family ran the mountain hotel from 1936 to 1982. Afterwards, the Arbeiterwohlfahrt operated the house for 13 years as a recreation and conference home. The 50-bed house has been fully rented since 2006. The house is a motorcycle - mystery novel as a venue.
Protected areas
The summit area and the altitude of the Schauinsland were designated as a nature reserve Schauinsland (NSG number 3.264) in the Upper Black Forest natural area by ordinance of December 12, 2002 by the Freiburg Regional Council. It has an area of almost 1,054 hectares (ha), with the urban area of Freiburg im Breisgau accounting for 329.7 hectares and the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald 724.2 hectares. It is classified in IUCN Category IV. The CDDA code is 319058.
The nature reserve is supplemented by a designated also with the Regulation of 12 December 2002 eponymous conservation area . It surrounds the nature reserve and includes the Freiburg mountain forest on the north-western slopes of the Schauinsland, the Kappler Valley with the Small Valley and the Large Valley on the Kappel district, the landscape south-west of the Brugga and west of the L 126 between Kirchzarten-Bruckmühle and the Hohen Brücke near St. Wilhelm , the landscape southwest of the Trubelsmattkopf to the Wiedener Eck and east of the Stampfbachtal from Oberneuhof to Spielweg in the Obermünstertal district and the pastures at the Kohlerhöfen in the Ehrenstetten district. The protected landscape area is a total of 5,484 hectares, of which 1,741 hectares are accounted for under the protected area number 3.11.008 in the Freiburg urban district and 3,743 hectares in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district under the protected area number 3.15.032.
Mountain forest project
Since 2001, the mountain forest project has been working with volunteers in the area of the Freiburg Forestry Office in forest maintenance. Maintenance interventions in the forest improve the living conditions for the capercaillie and hazel grouse. Other work includes measures to guide visitors and maintain the landscape at the summit.
Attractions
Fallerhäusle
The Fallerhäusle is a miner's house located about one kilometer below the visitor mine entrance . It is a reduced form of the Schauinslandhaus . In the middle of the 18th century there was a big quarrel between the Hofsgrund farmers and the mountain lords about this miner's house . The mountain lords had brought miners in from Tyrol, but did not provide accommodation. Because of this need, the Tyroleans were allowed to build their houses on the heaps and pits.
Windbeams
Due to the exposed location on the Rhine plain , from which the Schauinsland rises directly, there is a lot of wind, sometimes strong, mainly from the west. Over the decades, this has led to the sometimes bizarre shapes ( wind fleeing ) of the red beeches standing there.
Schniederlihof
Above Hofsgrund, at 1050 m above sea level. NHN about in the middle between the Hofsgrund town center and the Schauinsland summit is the Schniederlihof, a Black Forest farm, built in 1593 . The farm, which was managed until 1966, has been a local history museum since 1972, which can be visited from May to October. Schnieder is the Alemannic form of Schneider; the suffix -li indicates the namesake's small stature.
Schauinslandbahn
The Schauinsland can be reached from Freiburg ( Horben valley station ) with Germany's longest circulating cable car . The so-called Schauinslandbahn overcomes a height difference of 746 meters over a length of 3600 meters. The 37 conductorless cabins can transport up to 700 people per hour, and around 240,000 passengers per year. The Schauinslandbahn was put into operation in 1930 as the first passenger ropeway in the world based on the circulating principle.
Every few years the Schauinslandbahn can be used as a ski lift in winter if the snow conditions are ideal. From about 300 meters after the Rotlache car park below the mountain station, the cold water run, a so-called "wild descent", leads untracked and at your own risk over eight kilometers back to the valley station of the Schauinsland cable car, making it one of the longest runs in the Black Forest.
English monument
To commemorate the English disaster , in which a group of English schoolchildren hiked on the Schauinsland in a snowstorm and five schoolchildren were killed, the English monument was erected in 1938 according to plans by the architect Hermann Alker from Karlsruhe . The leadership of the Hitler Youth , who used the monument for propaganda purposes and reinterpreted the misfortune as a heroic deed ("They fell in the struggle for peace and international understanding"), played a decisive role in this initiative .
After the Second World War , the inscription Die Jugend Adolf Hitler's was replaced by Die Jugend Deutschlands , and the imperial eagle and swastika removed from the front.
The rumor continues to this day that Freiburg was spared allied bombing raids for a long time, as the Freiburgers showed great willingness to help and sympathize with the relatives of the British who died in the accident.
Schauinsland tower
The observation tower on the Schauinsland summit, named after the former mayor of Freiburg, Eugen Keidel and built in 1981, is the starting point for many hiking destinations in the mountain region. Mont Blanc is also visible from its viewing platform at a height of around 20 m , which is not possible from the base of the tower because of the Haldenköpfles in front of it.
Observatories
On the Schauinsland there is a solar observatory operated by the Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics , which today is only used for teaching purposes and public relations. The current research is carried out, among others, in the Observatorio del Teide on Tenerife . The observatory can be visited every year between May and September on five open days, which are set at the beginning of each year, without registration. Then guided tours take place between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. The observatory was founded in 1943 by the Luftwaffe of the Third Reich in order to enable the most accurate possible prediction of the optimal frequencies for military radio communications by observing solar activity. From 1943 to 1975 it was headed by Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer .
Furthermore, there is an air measuring station of the Federal Environment Agency and the Federal Office for Radiation Protection on the Schauinsland . The concentrations of air pollutants are measured here as part of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) and climate-relevant gases and radionuclides in the atmosphere are recorded as part of the GAW . The building was erected in 1943 together with the solar observatory and was used to monitor the quality of the ionosphere for the purposes of military radio communications. In spring 2020, the Federal Environment Ministry announced that the existing building would be demolished and replaced with a new one in two to three years . The cost was given as four million euros. After the Zugspitze , this is the second highest air measuring station in Germany.
A measuring station for long-term monitoring of the atmosphere for artificial and natural radioactivity has existed on the Schauinsland since 1957 . In 1989 it was integrated into the newly founded Federal Office for Radiation Protection. Among other things, measuring devices for trace measurement of radioactivity in the air, the local dose rate measuring network and for monitoring compliance with the nuclear test ban agreement are operated there.
Recreational use
The Schauinsland is an intensively used local recreation area for Freiburg and the region. You can walk and hike in all seasons. With good snow conditions, cross-country and downhill skiing is possible. Tobogganing takes place both on the wooden racket mat and at the height where there is a toboggan lift . Cyclists can go on both sporty and leisurely tours and use the Schauinsland cable car as an ascent aid. A one-hour descent on a rented scooter is possible from May to November . Even paragliders have a starting place below the top station.
Trivia
In 2018, the Badische Zeitung reported as an April Fool's joke that the Schauinsland would be closed to hikers in favor of cyclists from May.
literature
- Wolfgang Werner, Hans Joachim Franzke, G. Wirsing, J. Jochum, V. Lüders, J. Wittenbrink, Berthold Steiber: The Schauinsland ore deposit near Freiburg im Breisgau. Mining, geology, hydrogeology, mineralogy, geochemistry, tectonics, and deposit formation. Reports of the Natural Research Society of Freiburg. Volume 92. Issue 1. Aedificatio Verlag, Freiburg 2002, ISBN 3-931681-65-3 .
- Berthold Steiber: The Schauinsland. History, geology, minerals. Doris Bode Verlag, Haltern 1986.
- Friedrich Metz (Ed.): The Schauinsland (= The Black Forest in Individual Representations, Vol. 1). Moritz Schauenburg Verlag, Lahr 1966.
- Paul Priesner: The mining in the Schauinsland from 1340 to 1954. (= The history of the community Hofsgrund vol. 1). Karl Schillinger Verlag, Freiburg 1982, ISBN 3-921340-84-5 .
- Paul Priesner: Mining in the Schauinsland from 1340 to 1954. - The farm estates, the parish, the school (= The history of the community Hofsgrund, vol. 2). Karl Schillinger Verlag, Freiburg 1987, ISBN 3-89155-032-4 .
- Henning Volle: Mountain record on the Schauinsland - the history of the famous ADAC hill climb . EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-88255-895-1
- Martin Straßburger: Mining in the Schauinsland from the late Middle Ages to around 1800 . In: Schau-ins-Land 126, 2007, pp. 69–88 ( digitized version ).
- Martin Straßburger: Mining archeology and economic history of mining in the Schauinsland from the 13th century to around 1800 (= university research on prehistoric archeology, vol. 275). Publishing house Dr. Rudolf Habelt, Bonn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7749-3969-1 .
Web links
- Profile of the nature reserve in the LUBW's list of protected areas
- Schauinsland on Peakbagger.com (English)
- schauinsland.de - Museum Mine Schauinsland
- Pictures from the Schauinsland museum mine
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Hermann Schwarzweber: The landscape of the Schauinsland and its history In: The Schauinsland-Bahn. Festschrift for the opening of the Schauinsland cable car on Thursday, July 17th of the year the Rhineland was liberated in 1930, p. 13.
- ↑ Security: Schauinsland: Motorcyclists ignore driving ban - cyclists in fear - badische-zeitung.de. Retrieved March 11, 2015 .
- ↑ Uwe Mauch: Freiburg only finds one new location for wind turbines. Badische Zeitung, March 22, 2018, accessed on September 30, 2018 .
- ↑ Southwest: Mysterious House: The Haunted House on the Schauinsland: From Hotel to Building Ruins - badische-zeitung.de. Retrieved November 21, 2013 .
- ^ History. (No longer available online.) Berghaus-freiburg.de, archived from the original on October 2, 2014 ; accessed on December 13, 2015 .
- ↑ Alexandra Sillgitt: Freiburg: New Life in the Old Berghaus am Schauinsland , suedkurier.de, August 28, 2013, accessed on November 20, 2013
- ^ Uwe Mauch: Freiburg: Schauinsland: Berghaus is about to be sold. Badische Zeitung, June 20, 2015, accessed on December 13, 2015 .
- ↑ BZ editorial team: The “Geisterhaus am Schauinsland” will become holiday apartments. Badische Zeitung, December 5, 2018, accessed December 6, 2018 .
- ^ Henning Volle: Mountain record on the Schauinsland - the history of the famous ADAC hill climb 1925–1988. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-88255-895-1 . P. 7
- ↑ The mountain hotel as a rental hotel. Retrieved February 4, 2015 .
- ↑ Karin Schickinger: Schüsse am Schauinsland, Highlights-Verlag, Euskirchen 2012, ISBN 978-3-933385-63-5
- ↑ Bergwaldprojekt e. V. Accessed September 30, 2018 .
- ↑ Hans Schüssele: The “Schniederlihof” farmhouse museum , small volume from the municipality of Oberried.
- ↑ The fatal hike did wurde a Nazi propaganda coup - theguardian.com. Retrieved July 6, 2016 .
- ^ Egon Schwär: Legends in Oberried and its districts Hofsgrund, St. Wilhelm, Zastler and Weilersbach. 3. Edition. Freiburg Echo Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-86028-199-4 , p. 60.
- ^ BZ editorial team: New air measurement station on the Schauinsland. Badische Zeitung, March 13, 2020, accessed on March 13, 2020 .
- ^ BfS - Air surveillance at the Schauinsland measuring station - Schauinsland station: history and tasks. Retrieved August 26, 2019 .
- ↑ Offers: Biking. Schauinslandbahn - Freiburger Verkehrs AG, accessed on April 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Schauinsland scooter route. Retrieved July 24, 2015 .
- ^ Oberried: How difficult paragliding is on the Schauinsland - badische-zeitung.de. Retrieved July 24, 2015 .
- ↑ BZ editorial team: All-clear: Schauinsland remains accessible to hikers. Badische Zeitung, April 1, 2018, accessed on April 3, 2018 .
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