Hornisgrinde
| Hornisgrinde | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Hornisgrinde with high moor, transmission mast and the Mummelsee - Kar in the south |
||
| height | 1164.4 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Ortenaukreis , Baden-Württemberg , Germany | |
| Mountains | Black Forest | |
| Dominance | 54.46 km → Griesbacher Eck (secondary summit of the Obereck ) | |
| Notch height | 653 m ↓ Betzweiler -Oberwiesach | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 36 '25 " N , 8 ° 12' 9" E | |
|
||
| particularities | Highest mountain in the northern Black Forest , raised bog , Hornisgrindeturm ( AT ), signal tower ( AT ), wind farm , transmitter systems | |
The Hornisgrinde is 1164.4 m above sea level. NHN the highest mountain in the northern Black Forest . It is an elongated mountain ridge with a length of around two kilometers and lies roughly in a north-south orientation.
Surname
The origin of the name, traceable since 1605, is uncertain. One interpretation derives it from Horn , mis and grinned , which means something like mountain ridge that carries a moor at its height .
geography
The summit ridge of the Hornisgrinde is framed by the Muhrkopf ( 1004 m above sea level ) near Unterstmatt in the north and the Mummelsee ( 1028.5 m above sea level ) in the south. In the west of the slope is approximately 900 to 1000 m height by the Black Forest Road ( B 500 cut through), to the east of the slope falls steeply to glacial Kar Biberkessel with the silted Blindsee from. The summit ridge goes in the southwest in the 1123.6 m above sea level. NHN high Katzenkopf , in the southeast the ridge falls in the direction of Seibelseckle . The Katzenkopf and the southeastern ridge of the Hornisgrinde form the cirque of the Mummelsee.
To the west, the terrain drops from the summit of the Hornisgrinde down to the Rhine Valley at a distance of just 8 km and over 1000 meters in altitude.
Grinden and high moor
The Grinden , treeless wet heaths on the plateau, emerged after the forest was cleared and then used as pasture from the 15th century. In contrast, the up to five meters thick high moor in the southeastern area of the summit plateau is naturally unforested. It is believed to be at least 6,000 years old. Parts of the plateau with the high moor and the Karwand to the Biberkessel were declared a 95 hectare nature reserve Hornisgrinde-Biberkessel in 1992 .
climate
The Hornisgrinde is one of the wettest places in Germany. The average annual precipitation is 1931 l / m² (= mm). Over 99% of the measuring points of the German Weather Service show lower values. The driest month is February; it rains most in June. In the wettest month there is around 1.4 times as much rain as in the driest month. The seasonal fluctuations in precipitation are in the upper third. In over 81% of all places, the monthly precipitation fluctuates less.
|
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Hornisgrinde (1961–1990)
Source: DWD
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
history
Dreifürstenstein
The Dreifürstenstein (formerly also Dreimarkstein ) is a red sandstone slab that is located on the southeastern edge of the plateau. From 1722 he marked the border between the Margraviate of Baden , the Duchy of Württemberg and the Duchy of Strasbourg . Today the point represents the boundary between the Baden communities Sasbach and Seebach and the Württemberg community Baiersbronn . With a height of 1151 m above sea level. NN , the Dreifürstenstein is the highest point in Württemberg.
Military use
In 1938 the entire southern area of the summit plain was declared a restricted military area. Used by the Luftwaffe as an anti-aircraft position from 1942 , the French air forces took over the site in 1945. These operated a listening station on the Hornisgrinde on behalf of the French foreign secret service SDECE or DGSE . The location was later used in parallel by the Bundeswehr and NATO. After the plant went out of operation in 1994 and then lay idle for several years, the restricted area was released in 1997. In 1999 the neighboring communities took over the previously federally owned area. Some of the buildings and masts have been preserved to this day, but are becoming increasingly dilapidated. In the 1960s there was also a transmission tower designed as a timber frame construction.
tourism
The Westweg leads over the ridge , along the western and southern slopes of the Black Forest High Road with a large parking lot at Mummelsee. From there, a nature trail with information boards from the nature conservation center Ruhestein leads over the summit level, which crosses the high moor with a wooden plank path . The wine village of Sasbachwalden is located on the western slope of the Hornisgrinde, known for its half-timbered houses and floral decorations.
Hornisgrindeturm
At the southern end, above the Mummelsee , is the 23 m high Hornisgrindeturm. Its construction in 1910 goes back to the initiative of the Badischer Schwarzwaldverein . The nearby red sandstone was used as building material. Together with the Mummelsee, the tower was one of the most popular excursion destinations in the region at the time. In 1942 it was confiscated by the German Air Force. After the Second World War, the French military used it. In 2000, the Seebach Forest Cooperative bought back the tower from the federal government and transferred a heritable building right to the building to the Seebach community . On May 29, 2005 the tower was reopened to the public. He was named " Monument of the Month June 2005" by the Monument Foundation Baden-Württemberg . When the weather is relatively clear, the tower offers an all-round view of numerous mountains in the Black Forest, the Vosges , parts of the Palatinate Forest and the Swabian Alb . When visibility is very good, some peaks of the Alps can be seen in the south .
Signal tower (Bismarck tower)
At the highest point of the mountain, in the middle of the summit level, there is another tower, the originally 7 m high signal tower, which was built in 1871 and which used to be used for land surveying . This was converted into a lookout tower in 1892 by installing a staircase on the outside , but was inaccessible during the military use of the summit.
In 2001, the building, also known as the Bismarck Tower , was renovated and made accessible again with a new steel spiral staircase attached to the outside . Stainless steel display boards with orientation points were attached to each side of the parapet, which is 8 m high.
Winter sports
Alpine
There is no lift directly at the Hornisgrinde . To the north of the summit, however, is the Unterstmatt ski circuit , with two lifts on the north slope of the Muhrkopf and the Ochsenstall ski lift. The Seibelseckle ski lift is adjacent to the south .
Cross-country skiing
A 14 km long circular trail leads around the summit of the Hornisgrinde , which consists of the Mummelsee trail (6 km), Hundsücken trail (4.5 km) and the connecting trail Ochsenstall-Seibelseckle (3.5 km). It is prepared for classic and skating technique . There are entry options at the Mummelsee, the Seibelseckle mountain saddle and the Unterstmatt mountain saddle.
Technical development
To the north of the raised bog there is a wind power plant, a transmission tower for Südwestrundfunk and a transmission tower for Deutsche Telekom. On the Dreifürstenstein there are fenced steel lattice masts from a military facility.
Wind farm
Due to the high average wind speed of 5.2 m / s on an annual average at a height of 10 m, a commercial wind farm was built on the Hornisgrinde in the mid-1990s on a private initiative . In 1994 two wind turbines from the manufacturer Seewind (model 20/110) with an output of 110 kW each were built, a third system from the same manufacturer (model 25/132) with 132 kW followed in 1996. It is the oldest wind farm in Baden-Württemberg as well the highest in Germany.
Repowering was carried out in 2015 . The three old systems were dismantled in mid-August 2015 and replaced by a larger Enercon E-70 system . With a nominal output of 2.3 MW, the new system has a rotor diameter of 71 meters, a hub height of 84 m and a total height of 120 m and was commissioned in October 2015. The forecast standard energy capacity is more than 5.2 million kWh . The three old systems from the 1990s were rebuilt in Italy.
Transmitters
Südwestrundfunk
To the north of the highest point there is a 206 m high transmission tower of the Südwestrundfunk (SWR) in reinforced concrete construction, which was built from 1971 to 1972. The tower is not open to the public.
Deutsche Telekom
At the northern end of the summit plateau is a transmission tower of Deutsche Telekom AG . This houses u. a. a relay station for amateur radio television . The Deutschlandfunk program was also broadcast from this tower until 2005, before the station was relocated to the higher and thus more extensive SWR tower. This tower is also not open to the public.
Vodafone
At the southern end of the summit plateau there is a free-standing steel framework construction by Vodafone Germany , which was built in 2008. This houses a GSM and LTE base station and serves as a radio relay node.
Philatelic
On December 18, 2018, Deutsche Post issued a postage stamp with a face value of 70 euro cents with the motif of the Hornisgrinde in the Wildes Deutschland series . The design comes from Dieter Ziegenfeuter .
literature
- Friedrich Wein: The West Wall (3). The air defense position in Hornisgrinde (Ortenaukreis). In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg , 40th year 2011, issue 3, p. 168 f. ( PDF )
Web links
- Hornisgrinde-Biberkessel nature reserve
- Leaflet on the nature reserve Hornisgrinde-Biberkessel (PDF; 3 MB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Rudolf Metz : Mineralogical and regional hikes in the northern Black Forest, especially in its old mining districts . 2nd Edition. Schauenburg, Lahr 1977, ISBN 3-7946-0128-9 , p. 319 .
- ↑ State Nature Conservation Administration Baden-Württemberg: Hornisgrinde-Biberkessel Nature Reserve (PDF; 3 MB), accessed on September 15, 2017.
- ↑ DWD: mean values for the period 1961 to 1990
- ↑ Pierer's Universal Lexicon of the Past and Present . 4th edition. Verlagbuchhandlung von HA Pierer , Altenburg 1865 ( zeno.org [accessed June 24, 2019] lexicon entry "Hornisgrinde").
- ↑ Max Scheifele : From the forest history of the Black Forest. The drift of firewood and cabbage wood. When landmarks talk. DRW-Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-87181-010-X , p. 287 ff.
- ↑ That's the summit! In: Gäubote. September 7, 2006.
- ^ Christian Dubuisson: Hornisgrinde, un honorable correspondant. Archived from the original on August 19, 2009 ; Retrieved August 24, 2013 .
- ↑ The Hornisgrindeturm, on the highest elevation of the northern Black Forest, is Monument of the Month June 2005 on the website of the Monument Foundation Baden-Württemberg
- ^ Karl Baedeker : Southern Germany; Upper Rhine, Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria and the bordering parts of Austria: Handbook for Travelers , 1913, p. 67, preview in the Google book search
- ↑ Bismarck Tower Sasbach on bismarcktuerme.de (Update from October 17, 2014, accessed on February 7, 2015)
- ↑ Wind power: Germany's highest plant goes into operation . In: ee news , November 13, 2015. Accessed July 26, 2020.
- ↑ New wind turbine for the Hornisgrinde . In: Badische Zeitung , February 13, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
- ↑ The wind turbine turns on the Hornisgrinde . In: Baden online , October 30, 2015. Accessed July 26, 2020.
- ↑ Black Forest Hornisgrinde, postage stamp for € 0.70, sheets of 10. deutschepost.de, accessed on February 13, 2019.