Hohloh
| Hohloh | ||
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 Reichental and the mountain ridge of the Hohloh from the northwest |
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| height | 988.8 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | near Kaltenbronn ; Rastatt district , Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Black Forest | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 42 '28 " N , 8 ° 24' 59" E | |
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| rock | Red sandstone | |
| particularities | * Hohlohturm ( Kaiser Wilhelm Tower ; AT )
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The Hohloh is 988.8 m above sea level. NHN high mountain in the northern Black Forest . It is located near the Gernsbach district of Kaltenbronn in the Baden-Württemberg district of Rastatt . Its summit is the highest point in the urban area of Gernsbach and in the eastern main ridge of the northern Black Forest , the ridge between the Murg and Enz rivers . A pass road runs between the two river valleys northeast of the summit plateau at the Schwarzmiss mountain saddle ( 933 m ).
Characteristic of the Hohloh, which is made of red sandstone , is its extensive summit plateau, including the Hohlohturm (Kaiser Wilhelm Tower) and the protected rain moor with moor lakes on the plateau .
geography
location
The Hohloh is located in the Black Forest Central / North Nature Park, mostly on the forest area of the Gernsbach hamlet of Kaltenbronn , which is 1.2 km east of the summit. On the western edge of the plateau, the districts of the villages and communities in the valley of the Murg , Reichental , Weisenbach , Langenbrand and Gausbach, also have a share in the mountain. Since the municipality reforms in Baden-Württemberg in the 1970s, Kaltenbronn and Reichental have belonged to the area of the municipality of Gernsbach , Langenbrand and Gausbach zu Forbach (all districts of Rastatt ).
The forest area Kaltenbronn belongs politically to the western Murg valley, although it lies east of the main ridge. The border between the Eberstein or old Baden Murgtal (Amt Gernsbach) and the old Württemberg Enztal ( Oberamt Wildbad ) did not run along the watershed in the Hohloh area, but about two to three kilometers east of it. The entire Hohloh area is therefore in Baden.
Natural allocation
According to the classification according to the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany , the Hohloh belongs to the main unit group Black Forest (No. 15), in the main unit Grindenschwarzwald and Enzhöhen (151) and in the subunit Enzhöhen (151.1) to the natural area Enzmissen (151.11). To the east the landscape descends into the Enzriedel natural area (151.10), to the south-west into the Grinden natural area of the middle Murgtal (151.02) belonging to the sub-unit Grindenschwarzwald (151.0 ) and to the north-west into the main unit Northern Black Forest (152) and there to the sub-unit Bühlertaler Forest (152.1) belonging to the Murgwald natural area (152.11).
Mountain height and summit
The Hohloh is 988.8 m above sea level. NHN high. Its flat summit crest forms the highest elevation in the main eastern ridge of the northern Black Forest, the ridge between the Murg and Enz valleys . The opposite is the Hornisgrinde with the highest point on the western main ridge. On some maps, instead of the summit height, the value 984 m is given at the neighboring location of the Hohlohturm , which has been a first-order trigonometric point since 1936 .
topography
The summit region of the Hohloh is formed by an extensive plateau . In the west, the plateau is mostly limited by the steep slopes to the pre-alpine Murg valley, which, like the plateau, lie in the red sandstone overburden . Below a height of about 640 m, this is replaced by the basement and more fertile Forbach granite , recognizable by a stepped terrain with a spring horizon , the transition from coniferous to mixed beech forest and the beginning of meadow valleys. To the east, towards the Enz valley, the relief energy is significantly lower, the slopes are gentler, the delimitation of the plateau more indistinct. The Hohloh area drains, according to the extensive direction of incidence of the Buntsandstein, mainly in the eastern valleys (Kegeltal, where the pass road of the Schwarzmiss runs, and Rombachtal ), long side valleys of the Große Enz. Teufelsmühle and Dobel away, to the south it goes over into the Breitloh area, later Toter Mann, the Schramberg and the town Besenfeld follow .
nature
Plateau and high moor
On the southern part of the plateau lies the Hohlohmiss, a Misse with rain bogs and several bog lakes (Großer and Kleiner Hohlohsee). Like the neighboring wild sea moor, these are biogenic and not geomorphological forms. They have been developing since the last glacial period around 10,000 years ago due to the high levels of precipitation on the acidic sticky sands of the upper conglomerate horizon of the Middle Red Sandstone . Hohlohmiss and Wildseemoor are protected in the Kaltenbronn nature reserve because of their outstanding ecological importance .
Protected areas
The Hohlohseemoor south of the summit of the Hohloh has been a nature reserve (NSG) since 1940 . Since 2000, the NSG Hohlohsee near Kaltenbronn has been part of the Kaltenbronn nature and forest protection area, together with the Wildseemoor and the surrounding protected and protected forests . On the mountain there are parts of the Middle Murgtal conservation area (CDDA no. 323009; 1940; 76.1 km²); this does not apply to the NSG area. The NSG is part of the Fauna-Flora-Habitat- Area Kaltenbronner Enzhöhen (FFH no. 7316-341; 10.4244 km²). In addition, parts of the Northern Black Forest bird sanctuary extend on the mountain (VSG no. 7415-441; 360.4511 km²).
The Kaltenbronn area with the Hohloh was part of the search area for the areas of the Black Forest National Park established in 2014, but was ultimately not taken into account.
use
Hohlohturm and transmitter
At the northern end of the summit plateau, at a height of 984 m, there is the Hohlohturm observation tower (officially Kaiser Wilhelm Tower ), which often offers extensive views of the northern Black Forest and beyond. It stands about 200 m north of the summit and closer to the edge of the steep slope, where there is a better view to the northwest down into the Murg valley.
As early as 1853, the Kaltenbronn Forestry Office applied for the construction of a lookout tower so that in addition to the clear view of the Murg and Rhine valleys as well as Württemberg and Hohenzollern, when the weather is favorable, the Bernese Alps, which are covered by the forest and about 250 km away, can be seen. A few years later, a wooden tower with an orientation table was built, which had to be closed in 1895 due to dilapidation.
The Black Forest Association was in 1897 the new building of red sandstone around building (begun on May 10, completed on August 12), which then reached 22.2 meters. The namesake Kaiser Wilhelm II stayed several times between 1894 and 1899 to hunt capercaillie in Kaltenbronn and in 1899 also visited the tower.
Because of the tall trees, the tower was raised by 6.4 m in 1968 to its current 28.6 m height. The increase can also be seen in the interior of the tower: in the area of the former spire the staircase changes from sandstone blocks to exposed concrete . A total of 158 steps lead to the tower. The viewing platform is about 1012 m above sea level. Today the tower is owned by the Gernsbach branch of the Black Forest Association, owned by the state of Baden-Württemberg. On October 21, 2010, a license agreement was signed between the Black Forest Association and the Forest of Baden-Württemberg, previously the use was not legally regulated.
The view extends from the Vosges in the southwest over the Palatinate Forest in the northwest, the Odenwald in the north to the Jura cliffs of the Swabian Alb . When the visibility is very good, the Feldberg in the southern Black Forest and some peaks of the Swiss Alps can also be seen on the southern horizon, and in the north occasionally the Große Feldberg in the Taunus. The view was further enhanced in the 1990s when the hurricanes Vivian , Wiebke and Lothar destroyed large areas of the tall trees on the summit plateau.
Between the tower and the summit, in the place of a former military radio relay system, there is a civilian-used transmitter mast with a transmitter that enables mobile communications to be operated in remote high-altitude areas.
Transport, hiking, sports
About 930 m northeast of the Hohloh mountain summit and 800 m northeast of the Hohlohturm lies the Schwarzmiss saddle ( 933 m ) on the northeast edge of the summit plateau , over which the state road 76b runs between Hilpertsau an der Murg and Sprollenhaus an der Große Enz . There are several parking spaces for hikers both on the Schwarzmiss and below it (for example at the hamlet of Kaltenbronn) . They are starting points for hikes, mountain bike tours and trails. Schwarzmiss and Kaltenbronn can be reached by public bus from the Murg and Enz valleys.
The Black Forest high trails Westweg and Mittelweg as well as the European long-distance hiking trail E1 lead via Kaltenbronn and the Hohloh past the Hohlohsee and Hohlohturm. The Hohlohseemoor is accessed by a wooden boardwalk. The long-distance skiing trails on the ridge extend in the north to Dobel (15 km from Schwarzmiss) and Wildbad-Sommerberg (12.5 km), in the south to Besenfeld (16 km). There is an alpine ski slope with tow lifts near Kaltenbronn.
The old wine route , a historic carriage route from the front to the rear Murgtal, leads over the Hohloh ridge. It bypassed the gorge-like middle Murgtal, which until the 18th century was only accessible by mule tracks.
literature
- Hubert Intlekofer: History of the Kaltenbronn. About high moor, forest and imperial hunt. Special publication of the Rastatt district archive, vol. 9. Casimir Katz Verlag, Gernsbach 2011, ISBN 978-3-938047-53-8
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
- ↑ Heinz Fischer: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 169 Rastatt. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.4 MB)
- ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
- ^ Hohlohturm: Trigonometric point of the first order. In: Badisches Tagblatt No. 290, issue of The Murgtäler from December 14, 2016.
- ↑ Hubert Intlekofer: Geschichte des Kaltenbronn , p. 11 (see section literature ).
- ^ Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg, Landkreis Rastatt and Landesmedienzentrum Baden-Württemberg (ed.): District descriptions of the state of Baden-Württemberg - The district of Rastatt . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Stuttgart 2002. Vol. 2, ISBN 3-7995-1364-7 , p. 80
- ↑ Ordinance of the Karlsruhe Regional Council and the Freiburg Forestry Directorate on the “Kaltenbronn” nature and forest protection area of December 22, 2000, accessed on August 9, 2015
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ cf. PricewaterhouseCoopers & ö: konzept: Expert opinion on the potential national park in the northern Black Forest. Expert opinion for the attention of the Ministry for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection of the State of Baden-Württemberg. Berlin, April 2013.
- ↑ Friedbert Zapf: 1340-2015 - Reichental - stories of a village in transition. Casimir Katz Verlag, Gernsbach 2015, p. 154.
- ↑ Hubert Intlekofer: Geschichte des Kaltenbronn , p. 31 (see section literature ).
- ↑ Tower data - see: A) Art and cultural monuments in the Rastatt district and in Baden-Baden , published by the Rastatt district and the city of Baden-Baden. Konrad-Theiss Verlag GmbH, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1599-5 , p. 225. B) Inscription above the tower entrance. C) Information board on the viewing platform.
