Black Forest National Park

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Black Forest National Park
The Huzenbacher See, one of several cirque lakes in the national park
The Huzenbacher See , one of several cirque lakes in the national park
Black Forest National Park (Germany)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 48 ° 33 ′ 40 ″  N , 8 ° 13 ′ 17 ″  E
Location: Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany
Next city: Baden-Baden , Freudenstadt
Surface: 10,062 ha
Founding: 1st of January 2014
Address: nationalpark-schwarzwald.de
Black
Forest National Park Schwarzwaldhochstrasse 2
77889 Seebach
Location of the national park in the northwestern Black Forest
Location of the national park in the northwestern Black Forest
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The Black Forest National Park was founded on January 1, 2014 and is the first national park in Baden-Württemberg . The state parliament there voted on November 28, 2013 for its establishment. The 10,062 hectare (100.62 km²) national park is located on the main ridge of the northern Black Forest, mainly between the Black Forest High Road and the Murg Valley . It consists of two individual areas, around 3.5 kilometers apart, around Ruhestein (7,615 hectares) and Hoher Ochsenkopf / Plättig (2,447 hectares) and is located within the Black Forest Central / North Nature Park . The national park was officially opened on May 3, 2014.

The establishment of the national park in the Black Forest was politically controversial. It was rejected by the opposition parties CDU and FDP , representatives of the wood processing industry and parts of the affected population, while the SPD and the Greens , the nature conservation associations and other parts of the population of the northern Black Forest supported the establishment of the national park.

Location and spatial extent

The northern sub-area Hoher Ochsenkopf / Plättig includes the upper Schwarzenbachtal and the regions around 1054  m above sea level. NHN high Hohen Ochsenkopf in the center, the 1008  m high Mehliskopf in the west, the 1002  m high Badener Höhe in the north and the 994  m high Nägeliskopf in the east. At the confluence of the Schwarzenbach and Raumünzach rivers , the lowest and most easterly point of this park area lies at almost 500  m above sea level. The place Herrenwies as well as smaller areas around Plättig, Sand and the hiking home Badener Höhe are excluded . The Schwarzenbachtalsperre borders in the northeast and the Bühlerhöhe on the other side of the Black Forest High Road to the west . Most of the state forest here belongs to the Forbach community ( Rastatt district ). The cities of Bühl (Rastatt district) and Baden-Baden provided additional communal forest areas in the Plättig area.

The larger part of the Ruhestein area extends to around 1150  m above sea level. NHN at Dreifürstenstein in the southeastern summit region of the Hornisgrinde , the highest mountain in the northern Black Forest. Other peaks are the Vogelskopf ( 1056  m ) and the Schliffkopf ( 1056  m ) in the west, the Seekopf ( 1055  m ) in the northwest, the Riesenköpfle ( 1002  m ) in the center, the Leinkopf ( 992  m ) in the north and the Großhahnberg ( 938  m ) in the northeast. This southern part of the national park includes the Karseen Wildsee , Huzenbacher See and Buhlbachsee as well as the upper Schönmünztal and the upper reaches of the Murg source rivers Rechtmurg and Rotmurg as well as other Murg tributaries. On the western slope of the Schliffkopf, the section extends down to the Allerheiligen waterfalls , where it reaches its lowest and westernmost point at around 500  m . The Ruhestein itself with two ski slopes and the ski jumps , the Darmstädter Hütte, the Schliffkopf Hotel, the Rotmurg-Jägerhaus, the Volzenhäuser ( Schönmünz ) settlement and other small areas are excluded from the Ruhestein area . The state forest areas here mainly belong to the district of Baiersbronn ( Freudenstadt district ), and also to Oppenau , Ottenhöfen and Seebach ( Ortenaukreis ).

The park area is 10,062 hectares, including 2,447 hectares in the sub-area Hoher Ochsenkopf / Plättig and 7,615 hectares around the Ruhestein. The two areas are separated by the Forbach district of Hundsbach and non-state-owned forest areas, which are partly part of the Murgschifferschaft .

and display information about the image
Grind surface on the grinding head . View over the south of the Ruhestein sub-area and the Black Forest High Road to the Central Black Forest

animals and plants

The mixed mountain forests, which make up a large part of the area of ​​the national park, are composed in particular of the tree species spruce , beech and silver fir , as well as various ferns, bear mats and mosses.

The grinds and plateau bogs, which make up about 3% of the park area, are overgrown with pipe grass , rushes and heather . Particularly rare insect species benefit from these areas, such as the alpine mountain cricket , the wart-bite and various species of moths , as well as the adder , the lemon siskin , the meadow pipit and the wryneck .

The three cirque lakes of the national park offer amphibian and dragonfly species a suitable habitat. There are also many different species, from rare lichens and insects to alpine shrews and peregrine falcons , living on the rock and rubble dumps scattered throughout the park .

Characteristic bird species occurring in the national park include the black woodpecker , great spotted woodpecker , gray woodpecker and the rare three-toed woodpecker . You will also find crossbills and jays here . The birds of prey are particularly represented by the tawny owl , rough owl and pygmy owl .

Particularly noteworthy is the capercaillie , which is an important habitat in the sparse coniferous forests of the national park.

The mammals are represented by the large artifacts, red deer , roe deer and wild boar . You can also find foxes , badgers , brown hares , hives and garden sleepers in the national park.

Since the end of the 20th century, individual lynxes have been regularly detected in what is now the national park area . However, these were always individual male animals that had migrated from Switzerland in search of female animals .

Since the winter of 2017/18 there has been genetic evidence in the northern Black Forest that the wolf has returned there over 150 years after being exterminated by humans. The first and so far (as of May 2020) only wolf identified in this way in the area of ​​the national park, a single resident wolf known as GW852m , comes from a pack in the Lüneburg Heath and migrated from there over almost 600 km. The Black Forest National Park is located within the approximately 3,700 square kilometer wolf area ("Wolf Prevention Funding Scenery"), which the state government of Baden-Württemberg then designated in May 2018 as support for sheep, goat and game owners.

In 2019, 2100 animal species were documented in the national park, 1400 of which were insect species and among them around 750 species of beetles. It is believed, however, that around 3000 species of insects can be found in the park. In addition, 1050 types of fungus, almost 600 fern and flowering plants, more than 200 different lichens and almost 400 mosses were detected.

Effects of global warming

The extreme heat and the droughts, especially in the summer of 2018 and 2019, also had a significant impact on the forests of Baden-Württemberg and the Black Forest . According to the Forest Condition Report 2019, 43 percent of the forest area in the state is significantly damaged, only a quarter of the trees are healthy. In the Black Forest National Park, it is mainly the spruce trees that can no longer withstand storms, drought and the bark beetle that spreads massively due to the warmth . The silver fir is also affected by drought and heat damage , even at high altitudes. It is assumed that the spruce , which characterizes the forest of the national park, is increasingly being replaced by more drought and heat-resistant deciduous trees .

organization

The Ruhestein National Park Center

The national park administration is a special authority of the state of Baden-Württemberg. Until 2016 she was assigned to the Ministry for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection (MLR), after the state elections in Baden-Württemberg in 2016 , she moved to the Ministry for the Environment, Climate and Energy Industry Baden-Württemberg (UM) . In the justification of the National Park Act, analogous to the quality standards and criteria for national parks in Germany, an assignment to the higher nature conservation authority is prescribed and with the state election the responsibility for nature conservation changed from the MLR to the UM. Important decisions are made together with the National Park Council, which consists of representatives from the ministry, the neighboring cities and districts and the Black Forest Central / North Nature Park . For technical questions, the specialist knowledge of the National Park Advisory Board, in which associations and interest groups from the fields of nature conservation, forestry, churches, tourism ... are organized, can also be used.

The office for the administration of the national park is the national park center Ruhestein. Other places of work are the former forestry office in Baiersbronn- Klosterreichenbach and the old winter service farm at the Alexanderschanze near Bad Peterstal-Griesbach . Forest scientist Thomas Waldenspuhl and biologist Wolfgang Schlund are the heads of the national park administration. On January 1, 2014, the national park administration started work with the first 40 employees on 31.5 permanent positions that were transferred from the forest and nature conservation administration to the national park. In 2014, the national park administration grew to 63 positions, and in 2016 to around 90 positions. The National Park Center at Ruhestein is due to open in 2020.

history

idea

The idea of ​​a national park in the northern Black Forest was brought up for discussion in the early 1990s by the then NABU Institute for Forest Ecology in Bühl and its director Volker Späth. Agriculture Minister Gerhard Weiser (CDU) and Environment Minister Erwin Vetter (CDU) spoke out in favor of an expert opinion on the possibilities, opportunities and risks. Prime Minister Erwin Teufel rejected this at the beginning of the grand coalition in 1992 - the new coalition partner SPD was outvoted.

In 2005, when Erwin Teufel changed to Günther Oettinger as Prime Minister, there was also a change in nature conservation policy . In the first government declaration, Oettinger named the Swabian Alb biosphere reserve, which was also rejected by Teufel and proposed in 1993 through a dissertation by Markus Rösler and NABU, as a planned goal of the new state government. A national park was no longer strictly rejected in the Oettinger II cabinet . In 2010, the CDU in the state parliament was open to a national park, if the local population wanted it, and wrote this in the nature conservation strategy that was decided shortly before the election.

The NABU Regional Association Baden-Wuerttemberg tested in 2011 on the basis of the criteria for national parks in Germany several locations in Baden-Wuerttemberg and came to the conclusion that in the Black Forest, these criteria can be met. In a first step, the NABU study identified a possible “search area” of around 40,000 hectares, within which the national park with a minimum size of 10,000 hectares could arise.

NABU named three so-called uncut, low-traffic areas as particularly suitable areas , all or most of which are located in the Grindenschwarzwald and Enzhöhen natural areas:

  • Grindenschwarzwald and Enzhöhen with Eyachtal (UZVR 7)
  • Grindenschwarzwald between Murg and Enz (UZVR 8)
  • Grindenschwarzwald - Bühler Heights (UZVR 9)

Location search and decision-making process

The green-red state government of Baden-Württemberg, elected in 2011, wrote the establishment of a national park - taking into account the suggestions from the region - in the coalition agreement . She advocated a national park if it was supported by the population. An expert opinion should examine or show the advantages and disadvantages.

View from the Hohloh to the Hornisgrinde . On the right in the middle distance, below the large transmission tower , the Hohe Ochsenkopf .

The EU-wide tendered report was created in a cooperation of several companies under the leadership of the auditing company PricewaterhouseCoopers .

The search backdrop of the responsible State Ministry for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection consisted of three large sub-areas with a total size of around 17,000 hectares. These are located to the west and east of the Murgtal in the northern Black Forest: around 9,000 hectares in the area around the Ruhestein , 2,000 hectares around the Hohen Ochsenkopf and 6,000 hectares in the Kaltenbronn area . In the Kaltenbronn sub-area, 98 percent of the area was already under protection, 93 percent on the Ruhestein and 50 percent in the Hoher Ochsenkopf area.

In parallel to the work of the experts, different representatives discussed various topics relating to a possible national park in seven regional working groups with the participation and presence of the expert companies:

  • Regional development / infrastructure: public transport and private transport in and around a national park, planning rights and rights to have a say, possible effects on renewable energies, drinking water, use of wood
  • Tourism : possible additional added value in tourism, demands of the population on recreational use
  • Nature park and national park: cooperation between national park and nature park, marketing and promotion
  • Forest conversion / bark beetle : Forest development in a development national park, necessary strategies for bark beetle management
  • Nature conservation / biodiversity : Effects on biodiversity, possible conflicts with special species protection measures
  • Wildlife management : Effects of a possible national park on wild animal populations, development of necessary management strategies
  • Grouse : Implementation of the capercaillie promoting measures (Capercaillie Action Plan) in a possible national park

The report was presented on April 8, 2013.

On June 4, 2013, the State Minister for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection, Alexander Bonde, presented a proposal in the Kretschmann I cabinet that prepared a draft law and included the two areas of Ruhestein and Hoher Ochsenkopf / Plättig. The area around Kaltenbronn was removed as well as some deeper peripheral areas. Instead of the Northern Black Forest National Park , the name was now the Black Forest National Park .

The draft law could be commented on in the state's participation portal until August 14, 2013. On October 8, 2013, the cabinet approved the draft law for the establishment of the Black Forest National Park , which was introduced to the Baden-Württemberg state parliament on October 23, 2013. On November 28, 2013, the state parliament adopted the law in a roll-call vote with 71 to 63 votes. The Greens and SPD voted unanimously in favor, the CDU and FDP against, with the exception of CDU MP Günther-Martin Pauli .

Positions of the actors in the formation of political will

The establishment of the national park was controversial. The different positions of the actors are shown below.

politics

The state government hoped that the national park would make a contribution to the national biodiversity strategy and take responsibility for land free of use ("let nature be nature"), tourist and economic impulses for the region and a contribution to the preservation of biodiversity.

The SPD and the Greens argued for the national park in the summer of 2011. Regarding the effects, they said that only 10,000 to 15,000 hectares were planned to be reallocated exclusively to land in the country ( state forest ). They also referred to an extensive cross-party consensus: in the state election campaign, not only the Greens and the SPD, but also the CDU, called for a national park.

In 2011, the FDP in the state parliament rejected a national park in the northern Black Forest. She argued that there wasn't a sufficiently large contiguous area there. The necessary 75 square kilometers of the core zone disrupted the existing balance between people, the environment and the economy in the region. FDP parliamentary group spokesman Hans-Ulrich Rülke confirmed the negative attitude of his parliamentary group in April 2013. FDP state chief Birgit Homburger stated in June 2013 that the green-red state government did not take into account the local population or any costs in order to support its “prestigious national park project to push through ".

The CDU parliamentary group announced in July 2013 that it wanted to vote against the National Park Act in order to take account of the rejection of the local people. Ex-Prime Minister Oettinger expressed himself in November 2012 just as positively for the designation of the national park, as did 20 other CDU politicians, including Erwin Vetter .

tourism

On the one hand, Schwarzwald Tourismus GmbH found that a national park could be an additional incentive for tourists. On the other hand, she did not see the need for a national park, since "wilderness areas" already existed. The managing director of Tourismus Marketing Baden-Württemberg, Andreas Braun, campaigned aggressively for a national park, as he hoped it would have positive effects on tourism.

The PricewaterhouseCoopers report expected 248 to 621 new jobs in tourism. An additional 190,000 new overnight guests and around 255,000 new day guests would also generate sales of around 18 million euros, which, according to the experts, would correspond to 428 full jobs.

forestry

The densely wooded valley of the Schönmünz with the Wildsee

The woodworking industry and small sawmills in particular expressed economic reservations. From their point of view, there is no justification for designating a total reserve with dead wood areas. They argued that across Europe the demand for wood is increasing but the supply is decreasing. It is therefore not sensible to leave the forests to their own devices and not manage them. The 10,000 hectares of forest to be identified would correspond to around 100,000 solid cubic meters of wood that would then be withdrawn from the market. This could cut jobs in forestry. The report by PricewaterhouseCoopers assumes 26,600 solid meters that would have to be compensated, as well as a risk for around 110 jobs if this should not succeed. The parliamentary group of the Greens points out that in a development national park the first twenty to a maximum of thirty years is to be expected due to the sometimes strong "obligation" with higher spruce felling than currently.

The Bundesverband Holzpackmittel, Exportverpackung (HPE) pointed out that it had to purchase wood from other regions in Germany or through imported goods from Eastern Europe with possibly weakened sustainability criteria. This leads to higher CO 2 emissions and higher costs due to long transport routes.

The forestry chamber of Baden-Württemberg, as the representative of the municipal and private forest owners, viewed the designation of a national park with skepticism because of the existential worries of the directly adjacent forest owners affected. She feared "negative side effects both for forest ownership and economy, as well as for the environment and climate protection". Under the title Tourism and National Park in the Northern Black Forest - two harmonious partners? summarized the forest scientist Wolfgang Tzschupke arguments against the project.

Residents

Shield of the National Park opponents

In August 2011, the private interest group Our Northern Black Forest was formed , which spoke out against the park. The signs and stickers designed by the group, which were similar to those of the protest against Stuttgart 21, were striking. On them, on a green background, "National Park" was crossed out in red. Some private landowners put these signs on their property. Our Northern Black Forest has been a registered association since February 2012, based in Baiersbronn. The aim of the association was to prevent the Northern Black Forest National Park; he saw the citizens of the northern Black Forest as "victims of wilderness ideologues" . The association argued u. a. that nature conservation , as it is implemented in national parks , does not bring any advantages in the Black Forest over existing measures and facilities. The northern Black Forest already has numerous protected forests and nature protection or Natura 2000 areas . Sensitive natural areas are already under protection and the previous "symbiosis between protection and use of nature" has proven its worth.

On December 3, 2011, the Friends of the Black Forest National Park Association was founded at the Darmstädter Hütte . The association is an association of citizens with the aim of supporting the establishment of a national park in the northern Black Forest.

On May 12, 2013, citizen surveys took place in seven municipalities, but these have no legally binding effect on either the municipal or state level. The population in the municipalities of Bad Wildbad , Enzklösterle , Bad Herrenalb , Freudenstadt , Baiersbronn , Seewald and Forbach spoke out against the establishment of the national park with an average of 75%, with different voter participation. According to the proposal published by Alexander Bonde afterwards, two of the seven municipalities opposed to the national park are located in the park area.

According to the Stuttgarter Zeitung, the municipality of Forbach feared for their wood and the freedoms of the citizens in August 2011. Mayor Kuno Kussmann (CDU) stated that "collecting berries, hunting and wood-cutting would no longer work and that pests that should develop unhindered in the national park could damage the neighboring commercial forests of the community". After the publication of the Bonde proposal, however, he stated that he wanted to contribute to the further design so that “opportunities can be increased and risks minimized”.

In the consultation process for the National Park Act, a majority of the seven national park communities, the five urban and rural districts of the region and the three regional associations involved, as well as the Black Forest Central / North Nature Park, voted for the establishment of the national park. The city of Baden-Baden even voluntarily brought an urban forest area of ​​approx. 400 ha into the national park backdrop.

Conservation associations

The nature conservation associations BUND and NABU supported the idea of ​​a national park. The NABU Baden-Württemberg financed an expert opinion from its own resources, which examined the suitability of various areas in the Black Forest. The WWF saw in the project an "opportunity for the Black Forest" and an "enrichment - also for people".

State nature protection

The President of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Beate Jessel , welcomed the national park initiative of the state of Baden-Württemberg on the occasion of the international conservation area conference of EUROPARC Germany . In Germany, further national parks need to be redesignated in order to achieve the five percent target of natural forest development in the National Biodiversity Strategy and to ensure that all large landscapes are exemplarily covered by national parks.

TV documentary

Web links

Commons : Black Forest National Park  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ National Park in the Black Forest ( Memento of the original from January 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the Baden-Württemberg Ministry for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection , accessed on November 30, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mlr.baden-wuerttemberg.de
  2. ↑ Under the motto "A trace wilder": The wild heart begins to beat (press release) on baden-wuerttemberg.de
  3. ↑ Draft law of the state government , printed matter 15/4127 of October 8, 2013 (PDF; 11 MB). Contains detailed maps.
  4. ↑ Black Forest National Park - overview map ( Memento of the original dated December 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Appendix 1 to Section 2 Paragraph 1 NLPG (PDF; 2.56 MB), accessed on December 8, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nordschwarzwald-nationalpark.de
  5. ↑ cf. Map IX, 5 Forest ownership in the northern Black Forest and northern Ortenau in the Historical Atlas of Baden-Württemberg ( online )
  6. ↑ Official website of the Black Forest National Park: Flora & Fauna , accessed on January 23, 2018.
  7. ↑ Clear evidence (C1) on wolves in Baden-Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection and the Energy Sector, accessed on November 28, 2018.
  8. ↑ Ministry of the Environment shows the funding framework “Wolf Prevention” . ( baden-wuerttemberg.de [accessed on August 5, 2018]).
  9. ↑ Northern Black Forest: Thousands of species live in the national park. In: Black Forest Messenger. June 24, 2019, accessed August 5, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Forest condition report 2019 presented. In: State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg. State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg, accessed on November 13, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Consequences of climate change for the Black Forest National Park. In: Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection and the Energy Sector Baden-Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection and Energy, accessed on November 13, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Ulrike Bäuerlein: Stuttgart: That's what climate change does: Four out of five trees in the country are already sick. In: Südkurier. Südkurier, October 28, 2019, accessed on November 13, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Consequences of climate change for the Black Forest National Park. In: Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection and the Energy Sector Baden-Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection and Energy, accessed on November 13, 2019 .
  14. ^ Department of the Ministry . ( baden-wuerttemberg.de [accessed on March 30, 2017]).
  15. ↑ First decisions have been made In: Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de of December 13, 2013
  16. ↑ Two bosses share the tasks. In: Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de of December 20, 2013
  17. ^ Black Forest National Park: Organization - Black Forest National Park. March 28, 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017 .
  18. ↑ Volker Späth: National Park Proposal for the Northern Black Forest. Inventory and evaluation of the possibilities of near-natural forest maintenance and undisturbed forest development in: Naturschutzbund Deutschland: Supplements to the Naturschutzforum (3), DBV, Kornwestheim 1992, pp. 1-76.
  19. ^ Günther H. Oettinger: Energy and self-confidence in difficult times. Create work, provide security, keep home. April 27, 2005, archived from the original on February 9, 2006 ; Retrieved August 17, 2013 .
  20. ↑ Biosphere Reserves in Baden-Württemberg (PDF; 39 kB), Landtag of Baden-Württemberg, 14th electoral period, printed matter 14/6799, August 3, 2010, accessed on August 17, 2013
  21. ↑ Nature – the green capital of our country. Nature Conservation Strategy Baden-Württemberg 2020 (PDF; 457 kB), baden-wuerttemberg.de, March 23, 2011, accessed on August 17, 2013
  22. ↑ Michael Hug, Ingrid Eberhardt-Schad: Nature conservation screening of areas suitable for national parks in Baden-Württemberg (PDF; 3.0 MB), NABU-Landesverband Baden-Württemberg, May 10, 2011, accessed on August 15, 2013
  23. ↑ Profiles for the uncut traffic-poor rooms UZVR100 ( memento of the original from January 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de, accessed on August 17, 2013
  24. ↑ The change begins. Coalition agreement between BÜNDNIS 90 / DIE GRÜNEN and the SPD Baden-Württemberg (PDF; 1.3 MB), baden-wuerttemberg.de, May 9, 2011, accessed on August 17, 2013
  25. ↑ Summary of the essential aspects of the report ( memento of the original from January 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schwarzwald-nationalpark.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 393 kB), nationalpark-schwarzwald.de, accessed on August 17, 2013
  26. ↑ Complete report ( memento of the original from October 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schwarzwald-nationalpark.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , schwarzwald-nationalpark.de, accessed on August 17, 2013 (PDF file; 95 MB)
  27. ↑ Baden-Württemberg Ministry for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection: Nature Park Scenery ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schwarzwald-nationalpark.de
  28. ↑ Andrea Koch-Widmann: National Park in Focus. stuttgarter-zeitung.de from March 19, 2013
  29. ↑ Ministry for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection Baden-Württemberg: Minister Bonde proposes regional scenery for the National Park Ministry for Rural Areas and Consumer Protection Baden-Württemberg ( Memento of the original from October 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 5, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mlr.baden-wuerttemberg.de
  30. ↑ Draft of a law for a Black Forest National Park ( Memento of the original from September 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / Beteiligungsportal.baden-wuerttemberg.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Beteiligungsportal.baden-wuerttemberg.de, accessed on August 17, 2013
  31. ↑ Andreas Böhme: Landtag brings Black Forest National Park on the way. In: swp.de from October 23, 2013
  32. ↑ Clear the way for the Black Forest National Park. In: suedkurier.de of November 29, 2013
  33. ↑ CDU-Querkopf Pauli votes against National Park  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.swp.de   , swp.de, November 28, 2013, accessed December 7, 2013
  34. ↑ Discussion about the National Park in the Northern Black Forest , press release, baden-wuerttemberg.de, September 8, 2011, accessed on August 17, 2013
  35. ↑ a b Northern Black Forest: FDP does not want a national park in the southwest , schwarzwaelder-bote.de, August 18, 2011, accessed on August 17, 2013
  36. ↑ Nature reserve: FDP does not want a national park in the Black Forest , welt.de, August 18, 2011, accessed on August 17, 2013
  37. ↑ a b c d Expert opinion: Government sees plans for national park confirmed , welt.de, April 8, 2013, accessed on August 17, 2013
  38. ↑ Nadine Michel: Residents against National Park in: taz.de from June 5, 2013
  39. ^ Southwest: The CDU goes off the peg , Badische Zeitung, July 24, 2013, accessed on August 17, 2013
  40. ^ Southwest: Oettinger for National Park , Badische Zeitung, November 23, 2012, accessed on August 17, 2013
  41. ↑ Martina Philipp: Südwest: Baiersbronn: Nationalpark Nordschwarzwald: Proponents in the CDU , Badische Zeitung, November 17, 2012, accessed on August 17, 2013
  42. ↑ a b c d Northern Black Forest: Planned National Park heats up tempers , stuttgarter-zeitung.de, August 4, 2011, accessed on August 17, 2013
  43. ^ Andreas Braun, Managing Director Tourism and Marketing GmbH Baden-Württemberg. The National Park is a fresh cell treatment for the northern Black Forest ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.um.baden-wuerttemberg.de archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , um.baden-wuerttemberg.de, accessed on August 17, 2013
  44. ↑ Topic National Park in the Northern Black Forest , spd-kreis-calw.de, November 3, 2011, accessed on August 17, 2013
  45. ^ Forest Chamber Baden-Württemberg: National Park. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 13, 2013 ; Retrieved April 6, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.forstkammer-bw.de
  46. ↑ Tourism and National Park in the Northern Black Forest - two harmonious partners? ( Memento of the original from December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, 450 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.forstkammer-bw.de
  47. ↑ http://www.unser-nordschwarzwald.de/2012/09/12/naturschutzaktivisten-haben-durch-den-nordschwarzwald/
  48. ↑ http://www.unser-nordschwarzwald.de/ja/ja-zur-natur/
  49. ↑ About us! ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pro-nationalpark-schwarzwald.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , pro-nationalpark-schwarzwald.de, accessed on August 17, 2013
  50. ↑ Raimund Weible: Land remains with national park plans Dispute continues after citizen no in seven municipalities - Clear yes from Baden-Baden , swp.de, June 14, 2013, accessed on November 28, 2013
  51. ↑ Citizens' survey of the Northern Black Forest National Park. Retrieved October 16, 2013 .
  52. ↑ Ingo Senft-Werner and Susanne Kupke: National Park - a matter of prestige , dpa report, June 10, 2013, accessed on November 28, 2013
  53. ↑ nationalparknordschwarzwald.de
  54. ↑ Opportunity for the Black Forest - WWF supports plans for a national park in the Black Forest. April 8, 2013, accessed August 16, 2013 .
  55. ↑ Planned Northern Black Forest National Park: Discussion about a great opportunity. Retrieved August 16, 2013 .
  56. ↑ BfN press release: BfN President welcomes the national park initiative in Baden-Württemberg, September 21, 2011