Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park

Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park
	Wild coast east of Zingst
Location:	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany
Specialty:	Wind flats, dynamic coastal changes
Next city:	Stralsund , Ribnitz-Damgarten
Surface:	78,600 ha
Founding:	October 1, 1990
Address:	Website of the National; Park National Park Office Vorpommern; Im Forst 5 ; 18375 Born a. Darß; (038234) 5020
	National park exhibition in Wieck a. Darß
	i2 i3 i6

The National Boddenlandscape is with an area of officially 786 square kilometers is the largest national park of the state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the third largest in Germany . It extends over the western part of the Western Pomerania Baltic Sea coast and includes both inner and outer coastal waters. The national park was designated as part of the GDR national park program on October 1, 1990.

The composition of the national park

About half of the area of the national park is open Baltic Sea, more than a further quarter comprises parts of the Bodden waters of the Darß-Zingster Boddenkette and the Westrügener Bodden . Shallow water areas are thus protected (in the Baltic Sea the national park border is also based on the ten-meter depth line ) with a very rich flora and fauna. The different salt contents of the brackish water habitats of the Baltic Sea and Bodden contribute significantly to the diversity . The Baltic herring regularly visits the shallow bays to spawn here.

The land areas contained in the national park include parts of the Darß and the Zingst peninsula as well as most of the Hiddensee island . In addition, a narrow strip of the island of Rügen adjacent to the bay is in the national park. Pine and beech forests cover large parts of the land area, such as in the Darß Forest . Coastal flood mires occur in unforested areas .

Destination of the national park

One of the main goals of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park is to preserve the natural dynamics of the landscape, which is expressed, for example, in constant changes in the coast. The erosion of soil on cliffs contrasts with large landfall areas that are still growing, for example at Darßer Ort or Bessin (on Hiddensee).

The Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park is one of the most important tourist destinations in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is famous, for example, as an autumn resting place for cranes .

The Windwatt - special feature of the lagoon landscape

Unlike in the Wadden Sea of the North Sea , ebb and flow do not determine what happens in the shallow water zones of the national park. However, there are wind-related water level fluctuations of (in extreme cases) several meters. Some particularly flat areas regularly dry out in offshore winds. These wind flats provide a large food supply for the migratory birds that pass in autumn . For the cranes that cross the Western Pomeranian lagoon landscape on their migration, the shallow water areas bordering the wind flats are one of the most important sleeping places in Western Europe during migration. There are remarkable wind flats north of Darßer Ort , south of the Bessins and between Gellen , Bock and Pramort .

Wildlife

Gray seals are regular guests of the national park, but they do not reproduce in the area. Also seals can be observed. Porpoises only appear occasionally . The national park is also home to the otter . Roe deer , wild boar and red deer can be found on the land, and fallow deer can also be found in the Zingst area . There is also a small population of mouflons on Hiddensee . There are also numerous small mammals, such as the harvest mouse . Various bats such as the rough-skin bat , pipistrelle and noctule bat can also be observed.

The Bodden waters represent an important wintering area for migratory birds and also form an important breeding area for many birds. A total of 163 bird species breed in the national park, 67 of which are on Germany's red list. The large flocks of around 60,000 gray cranes that stop in the area between September and November are a big visitor magnet . The lagoon is home to 48 species of fish. Often lead , roach , European eel , three-spined and nine-spined stickleback , perch , walleye and pike .

Problems and shortcomings of the national park

The national park is particularly affected by water pollution . The inflow of nutrients through intensive agriculture with high fertilizer applications in the national park area contributes in particular to this . The extensive drainage of bog areas also leads to nutrient enrichment in the bay. Drainage in the national park is gradually being stopped by renaturation projects, for example in the Osterwald.

The underwater vegetation has changed significantly due to the nutrient inputs; Many of the candelabrum algae , which were formerly distributed in large numbers, were not detected. For almost 20 years, stocks of candelabra have been found in the bay again. As early as 1995, scientists demonstrated stocks of chandelier algae in the Darß-Zingster Bodden chain. These were confirmed again in 2008. Since 2013, the Biological Station Zingst has been working in the BACOSA (Baltic Coastal System Analysis and Status Evaluation) project of the KüNO-Verbund (coastal marine research in the North and Baltic Seas) on the evaluation of the ecosystem functions and services of submerged macrophytes , which are now largely candelabras .

The osprey can no longer be seen. The depth of view of the bay has become so small that the eagle hunting as a shock diver can no longer find enough food.

The intensive tourist use of parts of the water and land areas of the national park requires constantly adapted visitor management and ongoing control of the protected area.

The management of the forests was repeatedly criticized. In many areas it did not meet the criteria set for a national park. Excessive wild animal populations with trophy hunting and without wildlife biological justification as well as hardwood felling and reforestation with also non-local woody plants were criticized. Therefore, the National Park Office was revoked the FSC seal in 2006 . In the meantime, the national park administration, according to its own information, adheres to the guidelines for the treatment of forests in the national parks of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and to the ordinance regulating hunting in the national parks of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. There is neither felling of hardwood nor reforestation with non-local trees. Trophies are not used or assessed in the national park and are not a goal of hunting. The end of forest management is planned by 2017 ^[obsolete] , although large parts of the forest are already being left to their own devices.

photos

the eastern coastline
Steep bank on the island of Hiddensee
View from Barhöft over Bock and Gellen to Hiddensee ( location ) 54.434780555556 13.022361111111
Pramort
Natural west beach, just before Darßer Ort

literature

National park plan - stock analysis. (PDF; 2.9 MB) State Office for Forests and Large Protected Areas Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 2002, p. 209 , accessed on November 11, 2009 .
National park plan - mission statement and goals. (PDF; 2.1 MB) State Office for Forests and Large Protected Areas Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 2002, p. 76 , accessed on November 11, 2009 .
Frank Gnoth-Austen, Rudolf Specht: Jasmund, Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft . Vehling, Werl 1995, ISBN 3-536-00476-8 (German National Parks, Volume 2)
Norbert Rosing , Sarah Fuchs, Klaus Nigge: German National Parks . Tecklenborg, Steinfurt 1997, ISBN 3-924044-29-5

Filmography

In the Vorpommersche Bodenlandschaft National Park . Documentary, 45 min., Germany, 1997, by Ina Knobloch and Manfred Praxl, production: Complete-Media-GmbH, Grünwald ( ISBN 3-89672-489-4 ), In the Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park - short description ( memento from June 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) of the MDR

Web links

Commons : National Park Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park - travel guide

Individual evidence

↑ The Wadden Sea National Parks of Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony are much larger .

↑ Rasmus Klöpper: How does the water get on the mountain In: NationalparkInfo 24, April 2014, p. 10.

↑ MAM Yousef, A. Küster, Hendrik Schubert, H. von Nordheim: Characterization of the Characeae population on the coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In: Bodden , No. 5, 1997, pp. 3-23.

^ Christian Porsche, Hendrik Schubert, Uwe Selig: Recent distribution of submerged macrophytes in the inner coastal waters of the German Baltic Sea coast. In: Rostock Marine Biological Contributions , No. 20, 2008, pp. 103–122.

↑ Bonsai beeches in the national park . Article in the Black Book Forest ( Memento of the original dated August 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (P. 20ff, PDF - 3.9 MB) by BUND , published in July 2009 @1@ 2

↑ Guideline for the treatment of forests in the national parks of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

↑ Ordinance regulating hunting in the national parks of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[1] The Wadden Sea National Parks of Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony are much larger .

[2] Rasmus Klöpper: How does the water get on the mountain In: NationalparkInfo 24, April 2014, p. 10.

[3] MAM Yousef, A. Küster, Hendrik Schubert, H. von Nordheim: Characterization of the Characeae population on the coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In: Bodden , No. 5, 1997, pp. 3-23.

[4] Christian Porsche, Hendrik Schubert, Uwe Selig: Recent distribution of submerged macrophytes in the inner coastal waters of the German Baltic Sea coast. In: Rostock Marine Biological Contributions , No. 20, 2008, pp. 103–122.