Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park

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Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park
Logo National Park Hamburgisches Wattenmeer.svg
Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park (Germany)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 53 ° 55 ′ 16 ″  N , 8 ° 30 ′ 2 ″  E
Location: Hamburg , Germany
Next city: Cuxhaven
Surface: 13,750 ha
Founding: April 9, 1990
Address: Website of the National
Park National Park Station Neuwerk
Turmwurt
D – 27499 Insel Neuwerk
Wadden Sea near Neuwerk
Wadden Sea near Neuwerk
Aerial view of the national park, with the islands of Neuwerk (above), Scharhörn, Nigehörn (below) and parts of the Scharhörner and Neuwerker Watts (right and below). The direction of view is to the southeast.
Aerial view of the national park, with the islands of Neuwerk (above), Scharhörn, Nigehörn (below) and parts of the Scharhörner and Neuwerker Watts (right and below). The direction of view is to the southeast.
i2 i3 i6

The Hamburg Wadden Sea is part of the North Sea Wadden Sea and a national park . As an exclave of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , it is located northwest of Cuxhaven in the confluence of the Elbe with the North Sea ( German Bight ).

The national park is also a biosphere reserve and recognized by UNESCO as a natural world heritage site along with the other German Wadden Sea parks and the Dutch Wadden Sea . It borders the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park in the southwest and east and, in addition to the actual mud flats, also includes the island of Neuwerk and the dune islands of Scharhörn and Nigehörn , which all belong to the Hamburg-Neuwerk district .

The Hamburg Wadden Sea consists mainly of sand and mixed mud flats with flat tides , sand plates and the islands mentioned above.

National park

By resolution of the Hamburg citizenship on April 9, 1990, the Hamburg area in the mouth of the Elbe was almost entirely rededicated to the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park (NPHW). This classification replaces the LSG Neuwerk, the NSG Neuwerker and Scharhörner Watt and the NSG Insel Neuwerk / Kleiner Vogelsand. On April 5, 2001 the law was updated and the national park area was expanded.

The total area of ​​the national park (protection zone 1 and protection zone 2) covers 13,750 hectares. Areas of zone 1 are under special protection. For example, mudflat hikes and carriage rides are only permitted on designated paths.

There are around 2000 animal species within the national park, of which around 250 are found only in the salt marshes of the Wadden Sea. Seals and gray seals are particularly noteworthy . Due to the natural sediment input, there is a high food supply for young fish and sea birds in the mouth of the Elbe. The national park is therefore an important resting and moulting area for sea birds.

For example, shelduck live on the mud flats, hundreds of thousands of which can be found on the surface of the mudflats. The north-western European shelduck population of around 180,000 birds also spends its moulting period between July and September in the Wadden Sea, which is protected by the three national parks of Lower Saxony Wadden Sea , Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea and Hamburg Wadden Sea. Around 200,000 eider ducks also spend their moulting season here; around 1000 pairs of eider ducks use the tidal flats of the North Sea as a breeding area. Most of them breed on the island of Amrum .

At the same time, the Wadden Sea is a resting area for breeding birds from Nordic countries, which eat the fat reserves that they need for successful breeding. There are around 10–12 million waders , geese , ducks and seagulls in the entire Wadden Sea .

There is close cooperation with the Jordsand Association, particularly in the area of bird protection .

Other protection programs

UNESCO world heritage

Since June 27, 2011, the Hamburg Wadden Sea - like the Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony and Dutch Wadden Sea since 2009 - has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage "Wadden Sea Natural Heritage". The Danish Vadehavet National Park has also been part of this network since 2014 .

UNESCO biosphere reserve

Since 1992, the national park has also been recognized as the Hamburg Wadden Sea Biosphere Reserve , which added value to the national park, as it has since been under international nature protection according to the UNESCO “man and biosphere” program . The national park administration is responsible for the care and the national affairs of the biosphere reserve.

EU Natura 2000

The area is also part of the EU-wide network of protected areas as part of Natura 2000 as a flora-fauna habitat and in the Birds Directive .

Ramsar

Since August 1, 1990, the national park has also been listed as a 'wetland of international importance' under the Ramsar Convention .

Protection status history

The Neuwerk teacher Heinrich Gechter tried to set up the Scharhörn bird sanctuary as early as 1911. He achieved protection of the island of Scharhörn and part of the surrounding sandbank (40 ha) as a nature reserve on December 1, 1939. In 1967 it was expanded to 170 ha. On October 28, 1986, a significant part of the Neuwerk-Scharhörner Wattes was designated as NSG. The Neuwerker Ostvorland and the small bird sand were also designated as NSG. The national park was designated on April 9, 1990 and expanded on April 5, 2001.

literature

  • Environmental Authority Hamburg, Nature Conservation Office (Hrsg.): National Park Atlas Hamburgisches Wattenmeer. National park plan: Part I (= nature conservation and landscape management in Hamburg, series of publications by the environmental authority, issue 50) . Hamburg 2001, p. 1–165 ( PDF, 16.2 MB ).

Filmography

  • In the Wadden Sea National Park . Documentary, 45 min., Germany, 1998, by Jens-Uwe Heins and Michael Sutor, production: Complete-Media-GmbH, Grünwald ( ISBN 3-89672-492-4 )
  • ... more than water and sand - Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park , documentary film, 30 minutes, Germany, 1992, by Helmke Kaufner and Peter Kaufner, Production CINEDESIGN AV GmbH, Hamburg
  • ... between coast and sea - birds in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park , documentary film, 28 minutes, Germany, 1994, by Helmke Kaufner and Peter Kaufner, Production CINEDESIGN AV GmbH, Hamburg

See also

Web links

Commons : National Park Hamburgisches Wattenmeer  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ^ Ordinance on landscape protection for the island of Neuwerk of May 25, 1982 (Hamburg Law and Ordinance Gazette, page 189)
  2. ^ Ordinance on the Neuwerker and Scharhörner Watt nature reserve of October 28, 1986 (Hamburg Law and Ordinance Gazette, page 330)
  3. ↑ Ordinance on the nature reserve Insel Neuwerk / Kleiner Vogelsand of October 28, 1986 (Hamburg Law and Ordinance Gazette, page 330)
  4. ↑ Legal bases. In: nationalpark-wattenmeer.de. Retrieved July 13, 2015 .
  5. ↑ World Database on Protected Areas - Hamburgisches Wattenmeer National Park (English) (20722)
  6. ↑ Wadden Sea World Heritage Site
  7. ↑ World Database on Protected Areas - Hamburgisches Wattenmeer National Park (English) (67742)
  8. ↑ Natura 2000 Hamburg's nature for Europe
  9. ↑ World Database on Protected Areas - Hamburgisches Wattenmeer National Park (English) (555517991)
  10. ↑ World Database on Protected Areas - Hamburgisches Wattenmeer National Park (English) (555537282)
  11. ↑ World Database on Protected Areas - Hamburgisches Wattenmeer National Park (English) (67962)
  12. ^ The Annotated Ramsar List: Germany August 28, 2008
  13. ^ Report on the annual meeting of the "Jordsand Association for the Establishment of Bird Sanctuaries on the German Coasts", November 9, 1911, Hamburg Gechter proposes the Scharhörn bird sanctuary