Hundsbach (Forbach)

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Hundsbach
Municipality Forbach (Baden)
Hundsbach coat of arms
Coordinates: 48 ° 36 ′ 55 ″  N , 8 ° 16 ′ 45 ″  E
Residents : 315  (2012)
Incorporation : 1930
Incorporated into: Forbach
Postal code : 76596
Area code : 07220
Hundsbach, Catholic Church
Hundsbach, Catholic Church
Hundsbach, Biberacher Schwallung (Herzogschwallung)

Hundsbach is a district of the municipality of Forbach in the northern Black Forest . It lies between the northern and southern sections of the Black Forest National Park, which was founded in 2014 .

history

Village well in Hundsbach

Hundsbach, Herrenwies and Erbersbronn were founded in 1745 by Franz Anton Dürr from Rastatt as part of the so-called "Hundsbacher Accord" . Presumably there were a few settlers there before, such as Köhler , Pottaschbrenner or Harzer (profession) . Dürr acted as a general contractor on behalf of the Baden government. The forest area around the Hundsbach, Greßbach, Biberach and Raumünz brooks was barely developed for forest management due to the difficult accessibility and transport options, but it promised rich and profitable logging due to its old trees. A colony with 16 apartments was founded because the forest could not be used effectively due to the isolation of the area. A new community was deliberately not created, but only a temporary residence for the woodworkers and their families, with the aim of dissolving the settlements after the forests had been exploited and sending the colonists back to where they had come from.

The forests today form the Herrenwies state forest. It consists of 3 formerly separate forests, the Lehenwald, the Bärensteiner Forest and the parts of these forests that fell to the Baden state when the Windecker cooperative forests were divided.

The rafting of the Raumünz (initially firewood) and the expansion of the Murg created the prerequisites for the rafting of long wood ("Dutch wood") from the forest colonies. Various swellings were built to allow the felled wood to drift (e.g. Herzog-Schwallung, which was named after its builder, a colonist named Herzog). Within 30 years, 850,000 solid cubic meters were felled on an area of ​​1700 ha. By 1800 the area was largely exploited ( clear cutting ).

From 1744/45 a chapel existed in Herrenwies and the pastoral care was carried out by the Capuchin Order of Baden-Baden. Since 1751 a church book has been kept in Herrenwies. Until their own chapel was built in 1858, the Hundsbach colonists had to visit the Herrenwieser Church, which required a 2-hour walk.

Population development

  • 1751: approx. 120
  • 1784: 204
  • 1836: 543
  • 1850: 404
  • 1852: 302 (after emigrating 1849–1852)
  • 1979: 540
  • 1999: 343

The areas of origin of the inhabitants were predominantly the Central Black Forest (Ortenau, Kinzigtal), Alpine countries (Tyrol, Carinthia, Switzerland) and the southern Black Forest.

The original occupations of the newcomers were wood makers, miners, raftsmen, glassmakers and potash burners.

Names of colonists who z. You can still find: Herrmann, Schnurr, Wacker, Albrecht, Bauknecht, Enzmann, Herzog, Wirth, Hettich, Wasmer, Weißer, Rauber, Relisperger, Burckert, Schrady, Schilli, Wunsch, Geißert, Müller, Schoch, Braunegger , Hils, Rosenfelder, Hug, Wiedholz, Siegwarth, Künstle, Fehser, Horcher, Schmidt.

Hundsbach, Erbersbronn and Herrenwies have belonged to the municipality of Forbach since 1930. The colony status was not lifted until 1970 and the land interest goods were abolished.

Life in the forest colonies in the 18th and 19th centuries century

The land and land belonged to the forest administration. The residents paid ground rent and they had to build the huts and houses themselves. The colonies were not intended for permanent settlement, but only until the end of the forest exploitation; the forest administration therefore tried by all means to limit the number of residents (regulation of marriage, immigration, inheritance). Nevertheless, the population increased and some lived in "wild" marriages because they were refused permission to marry. The population grew steadily without creating more living space or income opportunities, which resulted in impoverishment, disease and epidemics. The situation was defused by the emigration of numerous colonists. Since 1870, many restrictions on marriage were lifted in the Grand Duchy of Baden and civil marriage was introduced. After that it was u. a. possible to marry without proof of corresponding assets and without approval from the forest administration. This also solved the problem of wild marriages and created the opportunity for the children to grow up in orderly circumstances.

Emigrations

From 1850 onwards there was a large number of emigrations, most of which were financed by the Grand Duchy of Baden , in order to remedy the overpopulation of the forest colonies and the resulting misery, and above all to avoid the social follow-up costs. The impoverishment and indebtedness of the colonists was such that probably none of them was able to pay the transport costs overseas (where most of them emigrated) themselves; the costs were estimated in 1851 at 95 guilders per person (80 guilders transport costs to New York and 15 guilders hand money). For comparison: The daily wage of a forest worker was around 48 - 60 kreuzers (= 1 guilder) at the time, and there was not work every day. The authorities saw the financing of emigration as the only way to improve the predicament of the forest colonies, as the income opportunities there were nowhere near enough to feed so many people. And other churches in the area were in a similar position; H. overpopulated, and did not want or could not accept any more people.

Many descendants can be found in today's city of Manitowoc in the USA and probably in St. Nazianz with its founder Ambros Oschwald , who was pastor in Herrenwies from 1845 to 1849 . Of the fate of the emigrants, we know, especially from those who emigrated to Manitowoc, that they quickly found work there and after a while were able to buy land and set up farms. Even those who were put on the list of preferred emigrants by the forest authorities (sometimes in a derogatory manner) because of their economic or family circumstances or because of poor health have gained a foothold, founded families and grew old there.

Economy and Infrastructure

Until the middle of the 19th century, the forest colony was solely dependent on forest management, but the opportunities to earn a living changed with the increasing development of the region through newly built roads. In particular, the connections from Hundseck via Hundsbach and Erbersbronn into the Murgtal (from 1830) and over the Sand into the Bühlertal (from 1846) brought additional earnings in road construction on the one hand and the connection to the Bühl and Gaggenau economic areas on the other. In the 19th century there was a wood cutter, basket maker and clapboard maker, as well as a grocer with a mill. In the course of time, the improved transport connections also brought tourists to the village. Hundsbach developed into a climatic health resort . Sanatoriums, restaurants and guest rooms were built. Last but not least, the construction of the Black Forest High Road from the 1930s and the increasing motorization of the population led to an economic upswing, even in the forest colonies that had been isolated for a long time.

Today (2017) there is a restaurant, several holiday apartments and houses, guest houses and club houses in Hundsbach.

Hundsbach is the second highest district of Forbach after Herrenwies. With its location below the Black Forest High Road, at the foot of the Hornisgrinde, it is suitable as a starting point for hikes and mountain bike tours in the area. There are also signposted Nordic walking routes in the village. In winter there are cross-country trails and a small ski lift.

As of 2017, there is not much left of the former spa hotels. Initiatives such as B. the association "Kulturerbe Schwarzwaldhochstraße eV" are currently trying to revive tourism in the region.

societies

  • Hundsbach ski club
  • Hundsbach Music Association
  • Fool's Association Hundsbacher Tannenhexen

Personalities

literature

  • Karl Hasel : Herrenwies and Hundsbach. A contribution to the forest development of the northern Black Forest . With an introduction by Friedrich Metz. Research on German regional studies, Volume 45 / publication by the Alemannic Institute in Freiburg im Breisgau. [Reprint of the edition: Hirzel, Leipzig 1944]. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1984.
  • Karl Hasel : From the history of the former lumberjack colonies Herrenwies and Hundsbach. The Ortenau, publications of the historical association for Mittelbaden, 66th annual volume 1986, pp. 377–398 ( online ).
  • Rolf Gustav Haebler : Franz Anton Dürr. Margravial Consiliarius Commercium et Aerarii Serenissimi. Life picture of a Baden entrepreneur in the 18th century. In: Die Ortenau , 41st annual volume 1961, pp. 43–73 ( online ).
  • Karl Friedrich Viktor Jägerschmid : The Murgthal, especially with regard to natural history and statistics. Nuremberg 1800 in the Bauer and Mannischen bookstore
  • Church book of the parish of Herrenwies / Hundsbach from 1751 (Archbishop's Archive Freiburg, microfilm No. 997685)
  • Register books from Herrenwies and Hundsbach (1810–1870) (General State Archives Karlsruhe, holdings 390 no. 1663 and 1664)
  • Johannes Werner: Father Oschwald, or: A shepherd and his flock move to the New World. Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar, Volume 41, 1998
  • The forest colonies at Herrenwies and Hundsbach / 1850–1866. General State Archives Karlsruhe Stock 233 No. 17230
  • Ehlert, Edward: The German Influence in Manitowoc County ; Manitowoc Historical Society, Occupational Monograph 20, 1973
  • From the history of the colonies ; Publisher: Parish Herrenwies; 2nd edition 2000
  • Funny stories from the Black Forest by teacher JJ Hoffmann, forest schoolmaster in the colonies 1874–1877 , follow-up reprint edition 2000
  • Karl Bauknecht: Hundsbacher Forest Children ; Self-published, 1903
  • Karl Bauknecht: Hunters and Forest Workers Stories. Collected by W. Zimmermann Illnau in Mein Heimatland , Volume 18, issue 5/6, 1931.
  • Friedrich Metz: The Murgtal . In: Badische Heimat, Freiburg 1937, pp. 103–141 ( PDF; 3.6 MB )
  • Joseph Harbrecht: The former forest colonies Herrenwies, Hundsbach, Ebersbronn. In: Landkreis Rastatt (ed.): To the Rhine and Murg. Volume 2. 1962, pp. 19-30

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Forbach municipality website , accessed on June 29, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Karl Hasel: Herrenwies and Hundsbach. A contribution to the forest development of the northern Black Forest . 1944.
  3. ↑ a b c d Karl Hasel: From the history of the former lumberjack colonies Herrenwies and Hundsbach . In: The Ortenau . 1986.
  4. ↑ Karl Friedrich Viktor Jägerschmid: The Murgthal, especially with regard to natural history and statistics . Nuremberg 1800.
  5. ↑ a b c Herrenwies parish (ed.): From the history of the colonies . 2nd Edition. 2000.
  6. ↑ a b c General State Archives Karlsruhe: The forest colonies at Herrenwies and Hundsbach / 1850–1866 . Inventory 233, No. 17230 .
  7. ^ Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe: Register books from Herrenwies and Hundsbach (1810–1870) . Inventory 390, 1663 and 1664.
  8. ↑ Emigration from Hundsbach to LeoBW
  9. ^ Edward Ehlert: The German Influence in Manitowoc County . Ed .: Manitowoc Historical Society. Occupational Monograph, No. 20 , 1973.
  10. ↑ Welcome to Forbach im Murgtal! Retrieved August 19, 2017 .
  11. ↑ Kulturerbe Schwarzwaldhochstraße e. V. - Home. Retrieved August 19, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.skiclub-hundsbach.de
  13. ↑ https://www.musikverein-hundsbach.de/
  14. ↑ Archive link ( memento of the original from October 9, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hundsbacher-tannenhexen.de
  15. ↑ Karl Borromä Bauknecht at leo-bw.de