Betzweiler
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Betzweiler
municipality Loßburg
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| Height : | 587 m |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1971 |
| Incorporated into: | Betzweiler forest |
| Postal code : | 72290 |
| Area code : | 07455 |
Betzweiler is a district of the municipality Loßburg in the Freudenstadt district , Baden-Württemberg . In the course of the Baden-Württemberg administrative reform in 1971, the formerly independent town was amalgamated with the neighboring town of Wael to form the double municipality of Betzweiler-Waeler , which was again incorporated into the municipality of Lossburg by a referendum in 2006 with effect from January 1, 2007.
geography
location
Betzweiler is located in the Heimbachtal in the central Black Forest . The place is also in the area of the Black Forest Middle / North Nature Park . The “Heimbachaue” nature reserve is located north of Betzweiler. Numerous plants and animals threatened with extinction have found protection and habitat here. Adjacent to this nature reserve is the "Historische Heimbachmühle", a stately half-timbered house which was of great importance as a mill. The “Lower Mill”, as the “Historic Heimbach Mill” is still often called today, was first mentioned in writing around 1250. In 1978 Klaus Körber acquired the mill and completely renovated the building. The Heimbachmühle has served as a hotel inn since then.
Neighboring places
North of Betzweiler is the also belongs to Loßburg place Wälde . To the northeast is Gundelshausen, a district of Dornhan . Dornhan itself borders on Betzweiler to the southeast. To the south, Betzweiler borders on Busenweiler , which also belongs to Dornhan. To the west, the Loßburg district of Twenty-Four Courts borders on Betzweiler.
history
A document from 1123 names one "Heinrich de Bedzingiswilaeri". It is the earliest mention of the place name.
Betzweiler was an independent place until 1970. On January 1, 1971, the previously independent municipalities of Betzweiler and Wilder were merged to form the new municipality of Betzweiler-Wilder . In 2005, the first considerations arose to merge the communities of Betzweiler-Wilder and Loßburg. These were implemented on January 1, 2007: Betzweiler-Wilder was incorporated into Lossburg.
Attractions
One of the few expressionist church buildings in Germany is located in the Betzweiler district. The Protestant parish church is a cultural monument and was inaugurated with a ceremony on October 23, 1927. Due to the hillside location, it has been shifted in a north-south direction instead of the usual east facing of the nave. The architects of the church, W. Klatte and R. Weigle from Stuttgart-Degerloch, built a "sister model" in Gerhausen (Dean's Office Blaubeuren) at the same time . With Albert Otto Linder's Tabor Church in Freudenstadt (1930/31), the Betzweiler Church is one of the two expressionist sacred buildings in the Freudenstadt district. The chapel dedicated to Saint George, today's "Old Church", dates from the 15th century. In church terms, Betzweiler belonged to the Alpirsbach monastery in the Middle Ages and was also looked after as a branch from Dornhan. You can still see that from the old field name "Kilchberg" (Kirchberg). The Betzweiler went to the church in Dornhan via this Kilchberg.
The lower mill
The Lower Mill Betzweiler before renovation
The lower mill Betzweiler after the renovation
The last miller Wilhelm Mäder
The miller Klara Mäder
The old outbuilding
The historic Heimbachmühle 2015
On July 1, 1988, the historic Heimbachmühle, which is under monument protection, was reopened, known to the locals as the Untere Mühle. The very old building was renovated by the current owner, Klaus Körber.
From the former mayor Jäckle comes the unspecified story that the mill was built around the year 1250. At that time there were only three farms in Betzweiler. Today's Gasthaus Zur Sonne was the Untere Mühle's sheepfold before it was expanded. It seems to have burned down at a time that can no longer be determined. Charred beams found during demolition work allow this conclusion.
Many miller families lived and worked one after the other in the stately house, which rests on mighty walls and was secured by iron bars on all windows until the beginning of the 20th century. A Mutschler family worked there for 300 years. Then a rapid ownership success set in. A family of millers that operated the mill for a short time was called Wöhr. Descendants are still allowed to live in the community. It is said of the Wöhrs that they had the most beautiful garden in town.
It is said that all the owners were rich when the mill was taken over, but ended up going bankrupt. Elitist thinking and a generous lifestyle may have contributed to this. The miller's wives are reported to have not worked enough. This is difficult to understand when you consider that, in addition to the mill, there was also a large farm to look after. In the beginning 300 acres of fields and forest belonged to the property, when it was finally closed and sold in 1968 it was still 20 acres. Many a miller seemed, when the water was up to his neck, to have seen the only salvation in emigration (Mutschler). Some prices for goods and services from past days are interesting:
- 1905: 1 pound of bread flour 12 pfennigs
- 1933: 1 pound of bread flour 16 pfennigs
- 1907: 100 eggs 6.50 marks
- 1932: 1 cow 140 marks
- 1932: A carter at the mill received 10 marks a week, sometimes only 8 marks
- 1932: meal wages for a Simmeri grain (1 Simmeri (grain measure) = 15 kg) 30 pfennigs
- 1927: Sewing trousers with ingredients such as lining, buttons, thread, buckle 5.05 marks
The prices were not low compared to the wages. The wealthy also had to save if they wanted to keep their property. The day laborers, however, were literally gnawing on starvation.
The last miller on the lower mill was Wilhelm Mäder, called "Mühle-Wilhelm". He came from the Upper Mill in Betzweiler. In 1927 he married the widow Margarete Haug, b. Lutz and thereby came into joint ownership of the lower mill. Margarete Haug's first husband died in 1924 while working in the mill. A piece of clothing was caught in the running transmission, which carried the man with it and sustained fatal injuries. The woman ran the business alone for three years. She hired a miller named Noll and mainly looked after the agriculture with the extensive livestock. Her first marriage had a son, and her marriage to Wilhelm Mäder had a son and a daughter. The sons both died in World War II. The hard blows of fate seem to have broken the woman and the marriage broke up.
In 1945 Klara Sannwald came to the mill and supported the ailing miller in his business. It did the hardest man's work, because the grinding plant was not automated. The sacks of grain had to be moved and filled up by hand. In 1948 Wilhelm Mäder and Klara Sannwald married. In the same year the mill equipment was modernized so that the most exhausting work was no longer necessary. A simple manual winding system, a plansifter and a conveyor system for grain were installed. The busy miller also made oatmeal, which was recommended by doctors for those with stomach problems. The woman worked her way into all areas of the business and also had to repair the technical systems and keep them operational. For example, the grinding surface of the millstone had to be grooved from time to time using a special hammer. Wilhelm Mäder took care of the business as best he could, but due to his severe suffering he could no longer do any strenuous work.
The lower mill was a customer mill, powered exclusively by water power. It had its own power supply. The farmers in the area brought the grain intended for their own consumption to be ground. Hardly any grinding was done on their own. At the beginning of the 50s, the business fell significantly. There was hardly any market for oatmeal. The farmers also stayed away more and more. They preferred mills where they could immediately exchange their grain for flour. Another modernization that was necessary, such as switching from a stone to a roller mill, failed. There was no heir to continue running the mill and there was no money, because at that time heavy burden compensation payments had to be made for the operation. Land had to be sold in order to raise the transfer fee.
In 1952 the mill ceased operations completely. In order to be able to live, the Mäder couple set up a small bakery with a grocery store in 1964. First, the brick oven was used in the annex, which has since been demolished, on the footpath to the summer heap. An oven was later installed in the main building. Ms. Mäder had to endure many official controls because she hadn't learned the bakery trade, but the inspectors always liked to take away some of their good bread. The bakery and shop existed until 1968. In that year the entire property was sold to the municipality of Betzweiler. The Mäder couple moved into the newly built house on the Sommerhalde. Wilhelm Mäder succumbed to his illness in January 1969 at the age of 78.
In 1978, the current owner, Klaus Körber, acquired the mill building and thoroughly renovated it.
Todays use
The historic Heimbachmühle has been used in two parts since 2015. Rooms and apartments are rented out. Since July 1, 2015, the restaurant has been open again as the Greek restaurant El Greco after a long period of vacancy.
The Upper Mill
In 2015, a “meeting place for people to experience and for life” was set up by Karl Heinz Mäder in the Upper Mill.
The middle mill
The Middle Mill, a former oil mill, was converted into a residential building.
traffic
Street
The L412 runs through Betzweiler in a north-south direction and branches off the L408 from Loßburg, runs through Wilder and Betzweiler and joins the L410 shortly before Dornhan. In Betzweiler, the K4749 branches off in a westerly direction to Alpirsbach. Above Betzweiler, it joins the L408, which was expanded in 2012 as a spacious western bypass of 24 yards. The next motorway junction in the north direction ( Stuttgart and Tübingen ) is near Sulz am Neckar on the A 81 , about 20 kilometers from Betzweiler. The next motorway junction in the south ( Tuttlingen and Singen ) is near Oberndorf am Neckar, also on the A 81 , around 19 kilometers from Betzweiler.
rail
The next train stations are in Alpirsbach (approx. 8 km) and in Loßburg (approx. 9 km) on the Kinzigtalbahn .
bus
The bus lines 31, 35 and 7409 of the Verkehrs-Gemeinschaft Landkreis Freudenstadt drive to the town every hour and go to all neighboring towns of Betzweiler.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 528 .
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2007
- ^ Hilde Huber: Betzweiler on June 15, 1988
Betzweiler forest (with Betzweiler and forest ) | Lombach | Lossburg | Rodt | Schömberg | Sterneck | Twenty-four courtyards | Wittendorf