Schauinsland mine

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Schauinsland mine
General information about the mine
Schauinsland 1040386.jpg
other names Ore box
Information about the mining company
Start of operation 13th century
End of operation 1954
Successor use Visitor mine
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Silver / lead / zinc
Greatest depth 900 m
Geographical location
Coordinates 47 ° 54 '34.8 "  N , 7 ° 53' 54.7"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 54 '34.8 "  N , 7 ° 53' 54.7"  E
Schauinsland mine (Baden-Wuerttemberg)
Schauinsland mine
Location of the Schauinsland pit
local community Oberried
District ( NUTS3 ) Breisgau-Upper Black Forest
country State of Baden-Württemberg
Country Germany

The Schauinsland mine (or ore box in the 19th century ) was a silver and lead mine east of Freiburg im Breisgau ; zinc ore was also mined from the 19th century . The mining lasted from the 13th century until 1954, and the Schauinsland pit has been a visitor mine since 1997.

geology

The pit is located in the south-central Black Forest , directly south of the 1284 m high summit Schauinsland . There are numerous corridors that dip very steeply to the west and largely run parallel to the Upper Rhine Graben. The veins consist of quartz - barite - carbonate and contain minable quantities of zinc blende and galena . The side rocks are gneiss and anatexite . The minable main corridors are located in an area 1.7 km wide and 3.4 km high in the vicinity of the Schauinsland summit. It was mined down to a depth of 900 m .

history

13th century to 17th century: Late Middle Ages

Mining on the Schauinsland began at the latest in the early 13th century with the construction of the mining settlement Dieselmuot, southwest of Hofsgrund near the Haldenhof . The lavishly designed church windows in Freiburg Minster from the 14th century on the subject of mining on the Schauinsland testify to a first high point in mining . One of the oldest mountain orders in Europe, the Dieselmuoter Bergweiseum , dates from 1372. It regulated mining in the Schauinsland region under Count Egino III. from Freiburg , all those involved were brought together at the Haldenhof. In the 15th century, mining was cut back sharply, mainly due to the lack of wood caused by overexploitation and disputes with the Oberried monastery as the landowner. With the onset of the Thirty Years' War from 1618 and Pest - epidemics of mining came in the region largely to a complete standstill.

17th century to 20th century: modern times

Kux note from the Black Forest ore mines union from June 1, 1891

After the turmoil of the war, systematic mining did not begin again until 1724. During this time, mainly green lead ore and galena were mined on the Schauinsland and smelted on site . From the 18th century the economic interest in lead awoke, which led to a strong demand. The years 1744 to 1794 showed a noticeable upswing, mining was preferred on the Barbara and Gsprenggang. However, the heyday ended around the turn of the century, from 1803 it was reported that 19 tunnels are known in the region, but none are accessible anymore. Mining stopped until 1876. Then Carl von Roggenbach began to expand again. From 1891, the Black Forest ore mines founded in Cologne took over the exploitation of the deposit. For the next 30 years, mining was carried out intensively, and from 1923 the mining rights were transferred to the Bergbau-AG Lothringen . The falling world market prices for lead and zinc led to the mine being closed in 1930 during the Weimar Republic .

Only a few years later, from 1935, mining operations were resumed, this time by Stolberger Zink AG. From 1945 to 1946 there was a business interruption, from October 31, 1954, the business finally had to be shut down for good, reduced profitability and falling world market prices forced the closure.

A rail bending car

1997 until today: visitor mine

Cross-section of the Schauinsland pit

The first initiative to preserve the mine was started as early as 1976, the Steiber research group. In over 20 years, 30 km of routes have been covered and made accessible. From 1997 onwards the visitor business could start. The Schauinsland visitor mine is one of the largest show mines in Germany.

Pit field

Schauinsland mine field
The concert Klangbergwerke by the Neomania Ensemble Freiburg on October 9, 2016 in the mine

The mining field on the Schauinsland included 32 shafts and tunnel mouth holes. The visitor mine is located 700 m east of the mountain station of the Schauinsland cable car at No. 28 (Gegentrumstollen II).

No. Surname No. Surname
1 layer Lowest Willnau tunnel 17 location Farnacker tunnel
2 position Lower Willnau tunnel 18 position Schanzenstollen
3 position Upper Willnau tunnel 19 location Rotlache, southern tunnel
4 position Lower Barbarastollen 20 position Ramselendobelstollen IV
5 position Upper Barbarastollen 21 position Ramselendobelstollen IV
6 position Barbara open pit 22 location Ramselendobelstollen IV
7 location Shafts to the heap 23 location Hofsgrund gallery
8 position Shafts below Poche 24 location Ore box tunnel I
9 location Bühlhof tunnel 25 position Ore box gallery II
10 location Erbstollen Grube Barbara 26 location Ore box gallery III
11 location Lower Gpsrenggangstollen 27 location Counter-center stud I
12 location Middle Gpsrenggang tunnel 28 location Counter-center tunnel II
13 position Upper Gpsrenggangstollen 29 location Counter-center tunnel III
14 location Day shaft at the pond 30 position Counter-center tunnel IV
15 location Upper shingle matt tunnel 31 location Kappler's tunnel
16 position Lower shingle matt tunnel 32 location Leopold tunnel

literature

  • Wolfgang Werner, Volker Dennert: Deposits and mining in the Black Forest. Published by the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining, Baden-Württemberg. Freiburg im Breisgau 2004, ISBN 3-00-014636-9 .
  • Martin Straßburger: Mining in the Schauinsland from the late Middle Ages to around 1800. In: Journal for Archeology of the Middle Ages. Vol. 31, 2003, pp. 212-213.
  • Martin Straßburger: Mining in the Schauinsland from the late Middle Ages to around 1800 . Proceedings of the 7th International Mining Workshop 2004 Clausthal-Zellerfeld. St. Andreasberg / Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2004, pp. 105-109.
  • Martin Straßburger: Mining in the Schauinsland from the late Middle Ages to around 1800. In: Schau-ins-Land. 126th year booklet, 2007, pp. 69–88.
  • Martin Straßburger: Mining archeology and economic history of mining in the Schauinsland from the 13th century to around 1800 . (= University research on prehistoric archeology. Volume 275). Publishing house Dr. Rudolf Habelt, Bonn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7749-3969-1 .
  • Martin Straßburger: Mining in the Schauinsland from the late Middle Ages until about 1800. In: Jacquo Silvertant (Hrsg.): Echoes of a Mining Past. Yearbook of the Institute Europa Subterranea 2018. Silvertant Erfgoedprojecten, Kelmis / Gulpen 2018, ISBN 978-90-823515-9-0 , pp. 35–85.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Werner, Volker Dennert: Deposits and mining in the Black Forest. 2004, p. 248 ff.
  2. ↑ G. Albiez: The mining at the Schauinsland. Freiburg im Breisgau 1964, pp. 115-120.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Werner, Volker Dennert: Deposits and mining in the Black Forest. 21004, p. 253 ff.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Werner, Volker Dennert: Deposits and mining in the Black Forest. 2004, p. 252 ff.
  5. ↑ B. Steiber: The Schauinsland. History. Geology. Minerals. Haltern (Bode) 1986, ISBN 3-925094-08-3 .
  6. ↑ B. Steiber: The Schauinsland mine and the Steiber research group. In: Freiburg Almanach, Illustrated Yearbook. Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, pp. 107–118.
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Werner, Volker Dennert: Deposits and mining in the Black Forest. 2004, p. 255 ff.
  8. ↑ Burkhardt Jürgens: The treasure in the Silberberg. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. March 31, 1999.

Web links

Commons : Museum Mine Schauinsland  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

See also

Use this list offline

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