Freiburg Rieselfeld
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Freiburg Rieselfeld
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 Aerial view |
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| location | Freiburg im Breisgau , Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany | |
| surface | 2.57 km² | |
| Identifier | 3,212 | |
| WDPA ID | 163146 | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 0 ′ N , 7 ° 46 ′ E | |
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| Sea level | from 214 m to 230 m | |
| Setup date | December 6, 1995 | |
| administration | Regional council Freiburg | |
| particularities | former sewage field | |
The Freiburg Rieselfeld is a nature reserve and former Rieselfeld of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau in Baden-Württemberg . It is also the namesake of the Rieselfeld district, which was created in 1993 .
In the protected area, there are structurally appealing and characteristic structures of the former Rieselfeld as essential components of a historical cultural landscape with near-natural moist forests in the edge area. It is a habitat for a multitude of rare and sometimes endangered animal and plant species.
geography
The nature reserve is located in the city of Freiburg im Breisgau in the Freiburg Bay natural area in Baden-Württemberg, in the districts of Rieselfeld , Mundenhof , Opfingen and Waltershofen . It is bounded in the west by the A 5 federal motorway , in the north the border runs through the Mundenhof district with an adjoining animal enclosure, in the east by the Rieselfeld district and in the south it is bounded by the K 9853 district road leading to Opfingen. The largest part comprises a former sewage field , which is supplemented by the forest areas of the Freiburg moss forest that adjoin to the south and west.
Characteristics
The area was designated as a nature reserve by ordinance on December 6, 1995 and is listed under the protected area number 3.212 at the Freiburg Regional Council. It has an area of around 257 hectares and is classified in IUCN Category IV, a biotope and species protection area. The WDPA-ID is 163146 and corresponds to the European CDDA code and the EUNIS number.
The main protection purpose “is
- the preservation of the scenic and characteristic structures of the former Freiburg Rieselfeld as essential components of a historical cultural landscape and habitat of a typical community of animal and plant species;
- the preservation of the near-natural moist forests in the area as a habitat for some rare and endangered animal and plant species;
- the conservation of the populations of a large number of animal and plant species, some of which are rare and endangered, and
- the further development of the entire area with a view to optimizing the habitat both for open land species (sewage field) and for species of wet forests. "
history
The urban development of Freiburg in the 19th century and the resulting steady increase in the amount of wastewater was the reason for the establishment of a system for irrigation to purify wastewater. This sewage field was set up on the Mundenhof area acquired by the city of Freiburg in 1889 and put into operation in 1891. The area was divided into 25 troughs of different sizes and numerous departments within them, creating a network of paths of 20 kilometers. The wastewater was passed through ditches and traps to the approximately one hectare large arable and grassland parcels and dammed up there, the dams with the deposited sludge from the ditches were piled up. The water, which was drained off and purified via clay drains , was collected in drainage ditches and later led into the Dreisam . The well-fertilized drainage areas were used for agriculture, and there were 4,000 apple trees on the dams. The system worked perfectly until the 1960s. Due to the increasing pollution of water by pollutants and the increased amount of wastewater from the growing Freiburg population, a new wastewater treatment concept had to be developed. A large wastewater treatment plant in Forchheim took over a large part of the wastewater treatment in the early 1980s. In 1985 the system was stopped for trickling. In 1991, the municipal council decided to designate 78 hectares of the eastern area as building land, and the Rieselfeld district could emerge. To compensate for this, numerous ecological measures were taken, such as B. a dismantling of parts of the road network. In 1995 the remaining area and adjacent forest areas were designated as the 200th nature reserve in the administrative district. The relics of the ditches for water supply and drainage, traps and the dams of the former facility have largely been preserved to this day.
Floors
During the ice ages and interglacial periods, the Dreisam, as a mountain river, transported coarse gravel and debris from the Black Forest to the Upper Rhine Plain in its large alluvial fan. The area of the former sewage field thus finds its subsoil of different structures consisting of gravel, sand and loam. The wet forests are located in a partly swamped alluvial plain of the moss forest.
Flora and fauna
flora
The largest part of the nature reserve (177 ha) is open land , consisting of meadows, cattle pastures and fields. It is linked to form an overall biotope through the edges of paths and fields . The area of the ditches previously used for water supply and drainage and the dams is more structured than the grassland. There are tall herbaceous corridors , scrub and fruit trees such as apple trees on the dams , along with reeds and field trees along the ditches . The must pears that characterize this landscape can be found along the important farm roads , wild bushes along the networked paths. The created flood troughs and a pond surrounded by trees enrich the range of habitats. Several field edges serve as a habitat for arable weeds , such as. B. for the poppy , the cornflower and the chamomile . The meadows and pastures are forest-free due to mowing and grazing. a. the meadow knapweed , the knautie or the meadow sorrel . Part of the open land is left to natural succession (vegetation sequence) .
The forests belonging to the nature reserve are mostly more recent, as forests near the city were cleared as a result of the firewood shortage in the post-war period. The oldest trees in this area are 200 years old. On the western and southern edge of the reserve there are still well-preserved wet forests. Small, slow flowing brooks occasionally arise in these, some with deep swampy spots. A black alder break forest and an alder ash forest alternate here in close spatial succession . The high cowslip , the marsh marigold and the yellow iris are numerous. A star chickweed - oak - hornbeam forest has developed in the less humid areas. Younger stocks of red oak , Douglas fir , hybrid poplar and robinia , some of which are found in the forests , will be replaced by native species in the future. Old and dead wood offers the flora and fauna a habitat niche, e.g. B. the frequently occurring and protected stag beetle .
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fauna
With the change in the use of the area as a sewage field with its plots dammed up to a meter high with water and its migrating waders as residents, to a nature reserve with only small areas dammed by polders in spring and autumn, the population of birds has increased changed. In these now small areas, wetland-loving birds such as the common snipe , wood sandpiper , great egret and gray heron find their habitat and food space ; the white storks have their breeding grounds in the nearby Mundenhof. The pond claw finds its niche in the area of the more protected ditches , the quail breeds irregularly in the open field. Among the birds of prey, the black kite , the red kite , the hen harrier and the common buzzard are mentioned as winter guests or migrants .
Another consequence of the abandonment of the area as a sewage field are the more rapidly developing, more structured areas along the ditches and dams with reed beds, scrub, hedges, tall perennials and old grass. They serve as living space u. a. for red backed killer , skylark , black warbler and stonechat . For honey bees , beehives were set up in such an area near a drainage ditch .
In warm weather between May and October and little wind, many dragonflies reproducing here can be observed, especially in the ditches, ponds and ponds , 26 species have been identified: the banded demoiselle as a typical inhabitant of the meadow ditches , the great pitch dragonfly , the Early Adonis Dragonfly , the Blue Feather Dragonfly and the Helmet Azure Maiden . The marsh insect and the leek insect, as moisture-loving locusts, also find their habitat in the sewage field. At roadsides and field edges in the field of wild herbs butterflies such. B. the silvery mother-of-pearl butterfly can be observed.
In the forest areas still adjacent to the nature reserve breed and. a. the small woodpecker , the middle woodpecker , the black woodpecker , the oriole and the nuthatch . From the beetle family , in addition to the stub beetle, the protected stag beetle , which occurs frequently here and needs the dead wood of old oaks as a habitat, should be emphasized.
Since spring 2018, a herd of water buffalo (four cows and four calves) has been helping to keep an area of six hectares open in order to preserve biodiversity. This is a program of the State Environment Ministry . The establishment of the pasture with a fence cost town and country around 12,000 euros and in 2018 another 15,000 euros were invested in the scientific monitoring of flora and fauna.
Recreation area
Today the nature reserve, which can be easily reached by public transport, also serves as a local recreation area. A 5 km long nature discovery trail, laid out in 2001, leads along 27 stations through the area, for which a number of entrance portals and numerous smaller and larger information boards have been set up. Along the path there are z. B. a “green classroom” to discover the soil and dead wood, a small climbing rope system and a 4 meter high observation platform, which allows a view of the nearby extensive wet meadows with their fauna.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ FreiGIS - The spatial data to information from the city of Freiburg i. Br. - presented by Mapbender. Retrieved March 15, 2016 .
- ↑ Profile of the nature reserve in the LUBW's list of protected areas
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Ordinance of the Freiburg Regional Council. State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, December 6, 1995, accessed on November 14, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c Freiburg Rieselfeld nature reserve. (PDF; 6.44 MB) City of Freiburg im Breisgau Department for Environment, Education and Sport Environmental Protection Office and Forestry Office, January 2004, accessed on November 16, 2014 .
- ↑ a b Section for nature conservation and landscape management: nature reserves in the Freiburg administrative region . Ed .: Regional Council Freiburg. 3. Edition. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2011, ISBN 978-3-7995-5177-9 , pp. 305-308 .
- ↑ Stephanie Streif: How water buffalo keep wet meadows nice and moist. Badische Zeitung, August 10, 2018, accessed on May 2, 2020 .
literature
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Management Unit: Nature reserves in the Freiburg administrative region . Ed .: Regional Council Freiburg. 3. Edition. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2011, ISBN 978-3-7995-5177-9 .
Web links
- Profile of the nature reserve in the LUBW's list of protected areas
