Georg Groddeck

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Georg Walther Groddeck (born October 13, 1866 in Kösen ; † June 11, 1934 in Knonau , Switzerland ) was a German doctor , psychoanalyst and pioneer of psychosomatics . He was also active as a social reformer and writer.

family

Georg Groddeck came from a patrician family in Gdańsk in his father's line : his grandfather, the judiciary Carl August Groddeck (1794–1877), was appointed Lord Mayor of Gdańsk in the mid-nineteenth century and, during the revolutionary year of 1848, was also elected member of the Prussian National Assembly. Georg Groddeck - the youngest of five children - was the son of the spa doctor Carl Theodor Groddeck (1826–1885) and his wife Karoline Groddeck, née. Koberstein (1825-1892). Groddeck's maternal grandfather, German studies specialist August Koberstein , taught at the Pforta State School . Georg's eldest brother Carl Groddeck was editor-in-chief of the conservative Berlin daily Die Post from 1894 to 1897 .

Life

Georg Groddeck spent his childhood at home with a close relationship with his sister Caroline (1865–1903). In 1885 he passed his Abitur at the Pforta State School and began studying medicine at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, with Rudolf Virchow and Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer , among others . Groddeck received his doctorate in 1889 from the dermatologist Ernst Schweninger , the personal physician of Reich Chancellor Otto von Bismarck . The title of his dissertation was: About hydroxylamine and its use in the treatment of skin diseases . From 1890 to 1891 Groddeck worked in Berlin as an assistant to his mentor Schweninger. Based on his individualizing treatment methods, he developed his own practices, especially with massage , bath therapy and dietetics .

Because Georg Groddeck had his medical studies financed by the military, he actually had to work as a military doctor for eight years from 1891. However, he was able to achieve that he was released from this obligation in 1896 after working in Brandenburg and Weilburg an der Lahn . Then Groddeck worked again as an assistant to Ernst Schweninger, until 1897 in Berlin and then in Baden-Baden .

In 1896 Georg Groddeck and Else Neumann married, married von der Goltz. The marriage came from the daughter Barbara Groddeck (1901–1957). Georg Groddeck's second marriage was with the Swede Emmy von Voigt, born in 1923. Larsson (1874–1961), married. They met in 1915. Emmy von Voigt translated On the Psychopathology of Everyday Life by Sigmund Freud into Swedish.

Villa Marienhöhe: Today the Hotel Tanneck is located in Groddeck's former sanatorium.

In 1900 Groddeck was able to open his own sanatorium with fifteen beds in the Villa Marienhöhe in Baden-Baden, which he ran until his death. Most of his patients were chronically physically ill. Parallel to his work as a spa and spa doctor, he also gave lectures that he regarded as part of his therapy. Right at the beginning of the First World War, Georg Groddeck worked in the Badischer Hof military hospital in Baden-Baden. As early as April 1915, presumably the medical department of the XIV Army Corps, decreed that the Badischer Hof military hospital should only admit patients with rheumatic diseases and treat them for a maximum of eight weeks. Groddeck disagreed with what he believed to be a short treatment period of eight weeks and insisted that another doctor should decide whether to extend the treatment after eight weeks. Due to his criticism, the medical office of the XIV Army Corps dismissed him in May 1915. The Red Cross , where Georg Groddeck was employed, was not informed of this dismissal and expressed its offense.

In 1913 Groddeck had read Sigmund Freud's books for the first time and in 1917 an exchange of letters began between the two doctors. After being accepted into the International Psychoanalytic Association in July 1920, supported by Sigmund Freud , Georg Groddeck held the VI. International Psychoanalytic Congress in The Hague gave a lecture which he began with the words: I am a wild analyst. First contacts with Sándor Ferenczi , Otto Rank , Ernst Simmel and Karen Horney were made at the congress . At the VII Congress, which took place in Berlin at the end of September 1922, Groddeck wanted to give a lecture on his concept of Es on the subject of The Flight into Philosophy , but gave angry about Freud's lecture a few hours earlier in which he had stolen his von Groddeck and then put forward a changed id-term, just a "funny speech". Also as a result of his participation in the congress, prominent specialist colleagues such as Lou Andreas-Salomé , Frieda Fromm-Reichmann and Ernst Simmel visited the sanatorium in Baden-Baden.

On a trip to Sweden in 1924 Hermann Graf Keyserling and Georg Groddeck met in Stockholm . The encounter resulted in Groddeck giving lectures at the Darmstadt School of Wisdom . He also gave lectures in the mid-twenties at the Lessing University in Berlin .

He also founded a consumer cooperative in 1911 and in 1912 appeared as a founding member of the non-profit building cooperative Baden-Baden. The cooperative wanted to improve the living conditions of the workers and had the exemplary Ooswinkel estate built as a garden city from 1920 according to the plans of the architect Paul Schmitthenner . Until he was forced to resign by the National Socialists in September 1933, Groddeck was chairman of the supervisory board of the Baden-Baden building cooperative. A footpath to the Oos on the edge of the settlement, which consists of only two streets, reminds of his social achievements, as does a plaque.

Georg Groddeck's grave in the cemetery in Baden-Baden

After Groddeck had given a lecture on June 2, 1934, "On seeing, the world of the eye and seeing without eyes" in Zurich, his health deteriorated shortly thereafter; He died on June 11th in the Medard Boss sanatorium in Knonau and was buried in the Baden-Baden city cemetery.

Correspondence

On May 27, 1917, Georg Groddeck wrote his first letter to Sigmund Freud . From this a correspondence developed which was maintained by both sides - at irregular intervals. Freud was the first recipient of the psychoanalytic letters to a friend , and he paved the way for Groddeck to join the International Psychoanalytic Publishing House and the International Psychoanalytic Association . Even after the debate about the conceptual history of the Es that began around 1923, letters continued to be exchanged, albeit more sparsely. The Freud biographer Max Schur writes about this: It was Groddeck who coined the term “the id”, which Freud then adopted when he formulated the structural hypothesis. Octave Mannoni arrives at a comparable result : this is an expression that Freud borrowed from Georg Groddeck; this in turn took it over from Nietzsche . Nietzsche, in turn, has it perhaps from Lichtenberg borrowed: It thinks it should be said, as they say, it flashes.

In September 1921 Sándor Ferenczi visited his colleague Georg Groddeck in Baden-Baden. A friendship developed from this visit, which is documented in more than forty letters. Above all, those letters that Ferenczi had written to Groddeck and that Michael Balint originally intended to publish have survived.

Services

In the years from 1909 to 1917 Georg Groddeck was able to gather fundamental knowledge in the fields of depth psychology and psychosomatics, for which he developed his own method:

According to the nature of his research objects, he thought consistently unsystematically and associatively, his scientific approach consisted in the dissolution of every system of theory in favor of the playful, imaginative handling of its elements ... Long before Feyerabend , Groddeck lived his vita against the methodological pressure.

Georg Groddeck made the first journalistic start to psychosomatics in 1917 with the brochure Psychological Conditionality and Psychoanalytic Treatment of Organic Sufferings , in which he - related to his own illness - clinically described and analyzed psychosomatic relationships. From his observations, Groddeck made the public demand to test the possibilities of psychoanalysis in the treatment of all organic diseases.

Groddeck's forms of therapy combined natural healing methods with psychoanalytic, suggestive and hypnotic elements. His arm and foot baths , massages and diet food are still practiced today, even if the bold doctrines of salvation that he also presented to his patients are viewed more cautiously today. Unlike Freud, Groddeck mainly dealt with the chronically ill. Many consider Groddeck to be the founder of psychoanalytic psychosomatics, albeit with the status of an outsider . His theses on the "It" and above all the assumption of a fundamental bisexuality in humans isolated Groddeck within the psychoanalytic movement. In the controversial question about a definition of illness, Groddeck emphasized the individuality of feeling sick. Anyone who feels sick should also be called sick. The word sick cannot be scientifically defined.

The Es-Punkt, a memorial of the Georg Groddeck Society

1986 in Zurich a. a. The Georg Groddeck Society was founded by Otto Jägersberg , Claudia Honegger , Helmut Siefert and KD Wolff with the aim of publishing and distributing Groddeck's work.

Trivia

Georg Groddeck is sometimes used as a model for the figure of Dr. Krokowski seen in Thomas Mann's Magic Mountain . For example, he gave lectures in his Marienhöhe sanatorium like the one at the Berghof, in which connections between love and illness were established in a similar way. The similarity of names (Gro- / Kro-), the job title "Psychosomatic" or the similarity of relevant reference persons are also given.

membership

Publications

author
  • The woman. In: The People's Educator. Vol. 13 (1909), Issue 18, pp. 137-142.
  • Tragedy or comedy? A question for the Ibsen readers. Hirzel, Leipzig 1910.
  • Nasamecu. The healthy and sick person presented in a common understandable way. Hirzel, Leipzig 1913.
  • Psychological conditioning and psychoanalytic treatment of organic ailments. Hirzel, Leipzig 1917.
  • The soul seeker. A psychoanalytic novel. International Psychoanalytical Publishing House, Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 1921.
  • The book of the id. Psychoanalytic letters to a friend. International Psychoanalytical Publishing House, Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 1923.
    • New edition: The Book of the Es. Psychoanalytic letters to a friend. 2 volumes (volume 1: text volume ; volume 2: manuscript edition, materials and letters ). Edited by Samuel Müller in connection with Wolfram Groddeck. Stroemfeld, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-87877-832-5 .
  • The human being as a symbol. Irrelevant opinions about language and art. International Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Vienna 1933.
  • A child of the earth. Novel. Edited by Galina Hristeva. Stroemfeld, Frankfurt am Main 2010, ISBN 978-3-86600-065-0 .
Correspondence

literature

  • Gerhard Danzer: The wild analyst. Georg Groddeck and the discovery of psychosomatics. Kösel, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-466-34272-4 (At the same time: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 1990: Traditions and Perspectives in the Work of Georg Groddeck. ).
  • Steffen Häfner: Georg Groddeck - father of psychosomatics. In: Journal for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychoanalysis. 40, 1994, ISSN  0044-3395 , pp. 249-265.
  • Georg Christoph Lichtenberg : Writings and letters , ed. by Wolfgang Promies, Vol. II: Sudelbücher II, Carl Hanser, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-446-10798-3 .
  • Wolfgang Martynkewicz : Georg Groddeck. A biography. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1997, ISBN 3-596-13067-0 ( Fischer 13067).
  • Klaus Reichert : The cross as a symbol - the “sacred bone” in Georg Groddeck's considerations. In: Christian F. Hoffstadt , Franz Peschke, Andreas Schulz-Buchta (eds.): We, the mechanics of body and soul. Collected medical-philosophical writings by Klaus Reichert. Projektverlag, Bochum et al. 2006, ISBN 3-89733-156-X , p. 27ff. ( Aspects of Medical Philosophy 4).
  • Helmut Siefert : Sigmund Freud, Georg Groddeck and psychosomatic medicine. In: Practice of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 24, 1979, ISSN  0171-791X , pp. 63-78.
  • Helmut Siefert: Groddeck, Georg Walther. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 512.
  • Herbert Will: The birth of psychosomatic medicine. Georg Groddeck, the man and scientist. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich et al. 1984, ISBN 3-541-14051-8 ( U - & - S-Psychologie ), (At the same time: Munich, Techn. Univ., Diss., 1984, with Albert Görres ).
  • Werner Hassert-Caselli: Georg Groddeck: the psychoanalytical-psychosomatic lectures 1916 to 1919 . Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 1988

Web links

Commons : Georg Groddeck  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Gerhard Danzer: The wild analyst. Georg Groddeck and the discovery of psychosomatics . Kösel, Munich 1992, p. 17f.
  2. ↑ Herbert Will: The Birth of Psychosomatics. Georg Groddeck, the man and scientist . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich / Vienna / Baltimore 1984, p. 12.
  3. ↑ Gerhard Danzer: The wild analyst. Georg Groddeck and the discovery of psychosomatics . Kösel, Munich 1992, p. 40.
  4. ↑ Herbert Will: The Birth of Psychosomatics. Georg Groddeck, the man and scientist . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich / Vienna / Baltimore 1984, p. 203.
  5. ↑ Gerhard Danzer: The wild analyst. Georg Groddeck and the discovery of psychosomatics . Kösel, Munich 1992, p. 57.
  6. ↑ Miriam Heyse: Military Health Care in War : Military Hospitals in Baden-Baden 1914-1921 , Dissertation Institute History and Ethics of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , academic advisor Wolfgang U. Eckart , Heidelberg 2016, pp. 51–53.
  7. ↑ Helmut Siefert: Groddeck, Georg Walther. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. 2005, p. 512.
  8. ^ Georg Groddeck - Sigmund Freud correspondence . Stroemfeld, Frankfurt a. M. / Basel 2008, p. 176 f.
  9. ↑ Herbert Will: The Birth of Psychosomatics. Georg Groddeck, the man and scientist . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich / Vienna / Baltimore 1984, p. 71.
  10. ^ Wolfgang Martynkewicz: Georg Groddeck. A biography . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1997, p. 348
  11. ↑ knerger.de: The grave of Georg Groddeck
  12. ↑ Herbert Will: The Birth of Psychosomatics. Georg Groddeck, the man and scientist . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich / Vienna / Baltimore 1984, pp. 45ff.
  13. ↑ Max Schur: Sigmund Freud. Life and death . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1982, p. 372.
  14. ^ Octave Mannoni: Sigmund Freud . Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1982, p. 144.
  15. ^ Georg Christoph Lichtenberg: Writings and letters , ed. by Wolfgang Promies, Vol. II: Sudelbücher II, Carl Hanser, Munich 1971, p. 412, Aphorism K 76, approx. 1793; see. on the influence of this thought on Nietzsche's criticism of the “I”: Martin Stingelin: Our whole philosophy is the correction of language use. Friedrich Nietzsche's Lichtenberg reception in the field of tension between language criticism (rhetoric) and historical criticism (genealogy). Wilhelm Fink, Munich 1996, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00043383-3 .
  16. ↑ Herbert Will: The Birth of Psychosomatics. Georg Groddeck, the man and scientist . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich / Vienna / Baltimore 1984, p. 66 f.
  17. ↑ Gerhard Danzer: The wild analyst. Georg Groddeck and the discovery of psychosomatics . Kösel, Munich 1992, p. 58 u. 60.
  18. ↑ Herbert Will: The Birth of Psychosomatics. Georg Groddeck, the man and scientist . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich / Vienna / Baltimore 1984, p. 48f.
  19. ↑ Ralf Bröer: Georg Groddeck , in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (ed.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the 20th century , 1st edition 1995 CH Beck Munich p. 163, medical dictionary. From antiquity to the present , 2nd edition 2001, pp. 139 + 140, 3rd edition 2006 Springer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, New York p. 145. Ärztelexikon 2006 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585 -3 .
  20. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine , Springer Textbook, 8th revised edition, Springer Germany 2017, pp. 311 + 312. ISBN 978-3-662-54659-8 . E – book: ISBN 978-3-662-54660-4 . doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-662-54660-4
  21. ↑ Society. Georg Groddeck-Gesellschaft eV, accessed on October 31, 2013 .
  22. ↑ Thomas Anz and Wolfgang Martynkewicz: Thomas Mann's psychoanalyst Dr. Krokowski and Georg Groddeck. literaturkritik.de, accessed on July 10, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Groddeck, Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Groddeck, Georg Walther (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychosomaticist and writer
DATE OF BIRTH October 13, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Kosen
DATE OF DEATH June 11, 1934
Place of death Knonau