General Medical Society for Psychotherapy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The General Medical Society for Psychotherapy (AÄGP) was a professional association of psychotherapists with a large number of members from its foundation in 1927 until the end of the Second World War .

history

1926 to 1933

The General Medical Society for Psychotherapy emerged in the mid-1920s from a broad movement among German doctors, which was joined by numerous like-minded colleagues from other European countries. Because of its holistic and psychosomatic orientation, psychotherapy, after its widespread use in coping with the traumatic consequences of the First World War, attracted the interest of doctors from all disciplines. For this reason it made sense to organize the various schools and individual initiatives in a general medical society. The avant-garde of this development were younger psychiatrists, who tried to provide university psychiatry, which was traditionally biologically oriented and predominantly brain research , with a broader practical foundation and a scientific extension that went into psychology, which was then expressly called New Direction .

The year 1926 is considered to be the starting year of the AÄGP: In fact, immediately before the 1st General Medical Congress for Psychotherapy , which took place on the initiative of Wladimir Eliasberg from April 17 to 19, 1926 in Baden-Baden with 537 participants, the foundation of a German Society for Psychotherapy has been discussed. Viktor von Weizsäcker , who was present, described the spirit of optimism at the congress as follows:

There was an inwardly moving mood that was otherwise rare at congresses. ... It was something that was hardly repeated earlier and later that professors and practitioners, clinicians and psychotherapists united to begin so together. Couldn't a unit of medicine, which was already so fragmented, be born here?

However, it was not found to be promising to carry out the foundation already in Baden-Baden at the 1st Congress. Documents available so far make it likely that the AÄGP was actually founded on December 1, 1927 in Berlin . It was here that their first local group was formed with u. a. Alfred Döblin and Karen Horney , Max Levy-Suhl , Erwin W. Straus , Johannes Heinrich Schultz , Fritz Künkel and Karl Birnbaum on the board, as well as Arthur Kronfeld , who had her constituent meeting on March 5, 1928 in the lecture hall of the Psychiatric Clinic of the Charité with an extended one Overview of the " psychotherapeutic thoughts in today's medicine " opened.

The members of the AÄGP included renowned representatives from various schools of depth psychology such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung , Ernst Simmel , Erwin Wexberg , Georg Groddeck and Hans von Hattingberg , Harald Schultz-Hencke and Leonhard Seif , Paul Schilder , Wilhelm Reich and Wilhelm Stekel , Neurologists like Kurt Goldstein and Viktor von Weizsäcker , psychiatrists like Ernst Kretschmer and Eugen Bleuler , Ludwig Binswanger , Max Isserlin , Robert Sommer , Victor-Emil von Gebsattel and Walter Morgenthaler , the sexologists Albert Moll , Magnus Hirschfeld and Max Marcuse or the psychologists Kurt Lewin , Narcissus Ach and Pál Ranschburg .

According to the figures available in the congress volumes, your congresses up to 1931 were each time attended by hundreds of participants from home and abroad. From 1928 onwards it published its own body of the association, the Allgemeine Ärztliche Zeitschrift für Psychotherapie und psychische Hygiene , which was renamed the Zentralblatt für Psychotherapie from 1930 under the editorship of Johannes Heinrich Schultz and Arthur Kronfeld, in line with other scientific journals .

1933 to 1945

When the National Socialists came to power in 1933, this promising development collapsed. After the resignation of the previous President of the AÄGP Ernst Kretschmer , its chairmanship fell to his deputy, the Swiss Carl Gustav Jung . He let himself be hired by members of the AÄGP who were oriented towards the National Socialist Party in Germany to represent the "supranationalism" of society to the outside world. In Germany, on the other hand, they forced the AÄGP to adopt a strict course of adaptation to National Socialism, which from 1934 onwards they even presented aggressively as a model for psychotherapists in other European countries at their meetings and congresses.

For this purpose, a German General Medical Society for Psychotherapy was officially "founded" on September 15, 1933 - in fact a simple change of name to the previous German "Landesgruppe" of the AÄGP - with statutes in which the obligation of its members to be unconditionally loyalty to Hitler was laid down was. Its chairmanship was specifically proposed to a cousin of Hermann Göring , the Wuppertal neurologist Matthias Heinrich Göring , who may not have joined the NSDAP until May 1, 1933 , and who in 1936 also headed the newly founded German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy , called Göring- Institute , in Berlin. The VII Congress for Psychotherapy in Bad Nauheim - with only 75 participants, five of them from abroad, mainly from Switzerland - was the occasion on May 12, 1934 for the legally necessary renaming and reconstitution of the old AÄGP to become the Supranational General Medical Society for psychotherapy . This change was only announced at the beginning of 1935 in the association's journal, the Zentralblatt für Psychotherapie , which had been retained but was reduced to a two-month paper and which was further published in Germany and by CG Jung, which he had to share with Göring from 1936 onwards German psychotherapists was also edited. Only in autumn 1935 did the name change appear on the title page of the Zentralblatt, but there under the name International General Medical Society for Psychotherapy , an anticipation of a further name change, which "officially" did not take place until November 1937. The IAÄGP was able to hold two international congresses in Copenhagen in October 1937 and in Oxford in the summer of 1938, before CG Jung resigned from all of his offices as its President in 1940 and it in fact resigned under his then official Vice-President, the Scot Hugh Crichton-Miller left to German influence. In 1944 the AÄGP ceased to exist with the cessation of the publication of its Zentralblatt .

After 1945

The AÄGP was re-established by Ernst Kretschmer in 1948. In 1950, she initiated the establishment of the Lindau Psychotherapy Weeks , in which further training courses in psychotherapy were carried out.

In 2005 the AÄGP merged with the German Society for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy , largely abandoning its name to form the German Society for Psychosomatic Medicine and Medical Psychotherapy (DGPM).

literature

  • Wladimir Eliasberg (Ed.): Psychotherapy. Report on the 1st General Medical Congress for Psychotherapy in Baden-Baden, 17. – 19. April 1926. Marhold, Halle 1927
  • Wladimir Eliasberg (Ed.): Report on the II Congress. Hirzel, Leipzig 1928
  • Wladimir Eliasberg (ed.): Report on the III. Congress. Hirzel, Leipzig 1929 (reports on the 4th - 6th congress were published in the years 1929-1931 by the subsequent managing director of AÄGP Walter Cimbal )
  • Arthur Kronfeld : The psychotherapeutic idea in today's medicine. Dt.med.Wschr. 54 (1928) 685-687, 733-736 and 772-774
  • Regine Lockot: Remembering and working through. On the history of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy under National Socialism. Fischer, Frankfurt 1985 ISBN 3596238528
  • Christine Schröder: The specialist dispute about salvation. History of psychotherapy between 1880 and 1932. Lang, Frankfurt 1995, ISBN 3-631-48367-8 .
  • Uwe Zeller: Psychotherapy in the Weimar period. The establishment of the "General Medical Society for Psychotherapy" (AÄGP). Köhler, Tübingen 2001

Web links

Commons : General Medical Society for Psychotherapy  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Report on the III. General Medical Congress for Psychotherapy in Baden-Baden from April 20-22, 1928 . Eds. Walter Cimbal and Wladimir Eliasberg. Hirzel, Leipzig 1929 pp. 301-318. The membership directory contains 402 entries, including 65 people from nine European countries (France, Holland, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, Czechoslovakia and Hungary).
  2. ↑ Herbert Will: The Birth of Psychosomatics. Georg Groddeck, the man and scientist . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich / Vienna / Baltimore 1984, p. 85.
  3. ↑ Viktor von Weizsäcker: Nature and Spirit. Memories of a doctor. Kindler, Munich 1954, pp. 104f.
  4. ↑ Wladimir Eliasberg (Ed.): Psychotherapy. Report on the I. AÄKP. Marhold, Halle 1927 p. 2.
  5. ↑ Uwe Zeller: Psychotherapy in the Weimar period. The establishment of the "General Medical Society for Psychotherapy" (AÄGP). Köhler, Tübingen 2001, p. 277.
  6. ↑ Abstract of this lecture here ( memento of the original from June 1, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.thieme-connect.de
  7. ↑ Regine Lockot: Remembering and working through. On the history of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy under National Socialism. Fischer, Frankfurt 1985, p. 104ff.