Paul Schilder

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Paul Ferdinand Schilder (born February 15, 1886 in Vienna , † December 18, 1940 in New York ) was an Austrian psychiatrist , psychoanalyst and author of numerous scientific publications. Schilder has made significant contributions to the use of psychoanalysis in the psychiatric field and is considered the ancestor of ego psychology and - together with Joseph H. Pratt and Trigant Burrow - one of the founding fathers of group analysis .

Wagner-Jauregg's medical team in Vienna in 1927 (Paul Schilder in the first row, third from the right.)

Life

Schilder, the son of a Jewish manufacturer and silk merchant, attended the Archduke-Rainer-Gymnasium in Vienna, where he received his Matura in 1904. From 1904 to 1909 he studied medicine in Vienna, was awarded his doctorate in medicine at the University of Vienna in 1909 and followed by a semester of philosophy studies. From 1909 to 1912 he worked as an assistant doctor at the Neurological and Psychiatric University Clinic in Halle, where he studied philosophy and psychology at that time. From 1912 to 1914 he was an assistant doctor at the Psychiatric Clinic in Leipzig , during the First World War he served in various hospitals and worked as a battalion doctor and most recently as a regiment chief doctor, highly decorated for bravery. In 1917 he received his doctorate in philosophy with the work Self-Confidence and Personality Consciousness in Vienna. In 1918 he came to Wagner-Jauregg at the Psychiatric University Clinic in Vienna. In the same year he converted from Judaism to Christianity and was baptized Protestant. In 1919 he became a volunteer assistant at the psychiatric clinic and joined the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association (WPV).

In 1920 he completed his habilitation in neurology and psychiatry and became a full assistant. There were joint publications with Josef Gerstmann and Constantin von Economo . In 1925 he was appointed associate professor and his draft for a psychiatry based on psychoanalysis appeared . Because of his commitment to psychotherapy Schilder was hostile in the academic establishment, in 1928 he left the clinic and went for a semester as a visiting lecturer at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore , where he gave guest lectures for three months in 1929 and 1930.

In 1929 Paul Schilder took over the management of psychosis treatment at the WPV outpatient clinic, but moved to New York that same year. He taught at New York University and was appointed Clinical Director of the Psychiatric Department at New York's Bellevue Hospital in 1930 . With Lauretta Bender, his second wife, he worked with psychotic children, he implemented group analysis and wrote around 300 scientific papers on a wide variety of topics. In December 1940, after visiting his wife and newborn daughter in the clinic, he died in a car accident. A few months before his death, he wrote a third-person autobiography, which was published in the Journal of Crimin. Psychopathol. has been published.

position

“Schilder combined Carl Wernicke 's concept of the somatopsyche, Sir Henry Head 's postural model of the body, and Freud 's idea that the ego is primarily a body ego, to arrive to his own formulation of the fundamental role of the body image in man's relation to himself, to his fellow human beings, and to the world around him. Over the years, Schilder wrote a number of papers developing these formulations, culminating in his book The Image and Appearance of the Human Body , published in 1935, which he esteemed highest among his later works. "

- Ziferstein I .: Psychoanalysis and psychiatry: Paul Ferdinand Schilder 1886-1940. In: Eisenstein / Grotjahn (ed.): Psychoanalytic pioneers , London, New York 1966, 458

“Schilder is considered an unorthodox analyst, he was an opponent of the training analysis that had become mandatory in the 1920s, and had divergent views on the drive theory and the unconscious . His philosophical approaches have been influenced by the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl , his psychological work by Karl Bühler . "

- Stumm / Pritz et al .: Personal Lexicon of Psychotherapy , Vienna, New York 2005, 421

In 1912 Schilder wrote a paper on the encephalitis periaxialis diffusa , which was named after him as Schilder's disease.

Fonts

  • Self-awareness and personality awareness. In: Monographs from the entire field of neurology and psychiatry: 9; Berlin, Springer, 1914.
  • Delusion and knowledge. In: Monographs Neur. 15; Berlin, Springer, 1917.
  • About the nature of hypnosis. Berlin 1922.
  • Soul and life. In: Monographs Neur. 35; Berlin, 1923.
  • The body schema. Springer, Berlin 1923.
  • Medical psychology. Berlin 1924.
  • Textbook of hypnosis. With O. Kauders. Berlin 1926.
  • To the doctrine of the language drives. With E. Pollak. Journal for the whole of neurology and psychiatry, Berlin, 1926, 104: 480–502
  • Man's postural reflexes. With Hans Hoff. Springer, Vienna 1927.
  • Thoughts on natural philosophy. Springer, Vienna 1928.
  • Studies on the psychology and symptomatology of progressive paralysis. Berlin, 1930.
  • Brain and personality. Washington 1931.
  • The Image and Appearance of the Human Body; Studies in Constructive Energies of the Psyche. London 1935. A substantially expanded English-language edition of: The body scheme.
  • The Vita and Bibliography of Paul Schilder. In: Journal of Crimin. Psychopathol. 1940, pp. 221-240.

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Signs, Paul
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schilder, Paul F .; Sign, Paul Ferdinand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH February 15, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH December 18, 1940
Place of death New York City