German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy
The German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy was a National Socialist research and training facility for psychotherapy with an attached polyclinic , which existed from 1936 to 1945. The director of the institute was Matthias Heinrich Göring , a cousin of Hermann Göring . The institute is therefore often referred to as the “Göring Institute”.
prehistory
Matthias Heinrich Göring had already become chairman of the newly founded " German General Medical Society for Psychotherapy " in 1933 . Carl Gustav Jung became the chairman of the newly founded international supranational general medical society for psychotherapy .
Under the chairmanship of Jones , the Jewish members of the "German Psychoanalytic Society" were advised to leave the General Assembly on December 1, 1935.
In May of the following year, the German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy was founded at the instigation of the Reichsärzteführer Gerhard Wagner and the Reich Ministry of the Interior . The official goal was to "one New German medical psychology '(see. New German Medicine ) from a compound of all three represented at the Institute mainstream ( Freudians , Jungian , Adlerian work out), and various individual areas of research, to teach and entertain a polyclinic".
The medical department of the Reich Ministry of the Interior considered psychoanalysis to be a useful therapy and suggested using the inventory of the old Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute to found the new institute . Göring moved to Berlin and the new institute took over the rooms and the remaining employees of the old psychoanalytic institute. As members of the new institute, the psychoanalysts could officially continue their private practice.
Organization and tasks
The institute was divided into different departments. In addition to directing, there was a research department and library, Department of Industrial Psychology , a literary department, one for " belief ", training departments for psychologists and doctors, a polyclinic department, a department for educational assistance, a forensic psychology department, a department for assessment and catamneses and one for movement, breathing, and sound. The criminal psychology department headed by Kalau vom Hofe and the department for educational assistance were attached to the polyclinic.
The institute was headed by a board of directors, which included Göring and Herbert Linden as representatives of the Reich Ministry of the Interior, representatives of the various psychotherapeutic directions, namely Fritz Künkel and Edgar Herzog for the individual psychologists , Felix Boehm , Carl Müller-Braunschweig (until 1938) and Harald Schultz- Hencke for the psychoanalysts and Eva-Sophie Moritz , WM Kranefeldt and Adolf Weizsäcker for the Jungians.
The institute maintained relationships with various official bodies, including the Office for Vocational Education and Management of the DAF , the Office for Health and Public Protection of the DAF, the Reich Health Management , the Health Department in the Reich Ministry of the Interior (through which the eV was founded on October 1, 1936) to the Reichsführer SS , the Reich Youth Leadership , the Reich Ministry of the Interior, the Reich Criminal Police Office , the Reich Ministry for Science, Education and Public Education , the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda , the NSV , the City of Berlin and various youth welfare offices.
In addition to 'treating psychologists' (two years after previous specialist studies), 'consulting psychologists' (one year) were also trained.
The institute also carried out research on behalf of industry.
Branch offices of the institute existed in Bavaria, the Ostmark , in the Rhineland and in Württemberg / Baden. The main office in Berlin had 97 full members (43 male, 54 female), the branches in the Reich 91 (64 male, 27 female).
During the war, the institute was given the status of "war importance". The institute was involved in warfare through cooperation in psychological warfare , through the training of military psychologists and through the treatment of war neurotics. IH Schultz and Göring worked for the Luftwaffe . a. Held courses for Air Force officers teaching people management and short-term therapy. JH Schultz knew about the murder of the mentally ill and publicly advocated it in the institute.
financing
On September 30, 1939, the institute was taken over by the DAF. The association that had previously been the sponsor of the institute continued to exist to manage the small fortune.
The most important employees of the institute received top salaries. Göring received 1,500 RM , the department heads of the institute 1,000 RM and the directors of the eight sub-departments 500 RM each.
Since January 1943, the institute has received financial support from the Reich Research Council. With effect from January 1, 1944, it officially became the "Reich Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy" within the framework of the Reich Research Council.
End and afterlife
On September 27, 1942, the head of the Polyclinic John Rittmeister was arrested as a member of the Rote Kapelle group , sentenced to death on February 12, 1943 for preparing for high treason and favoring the enemy, and executed on May 13, 1943 in Berlin-Plötzensee .
Matthias Heinrich Göring believed to the last that the Western Army was coming to drive out the Red Army . When the latter marched into Berlin, he took various SS members into the institute, even though it was marked with a hospital flag. When a Russian officer wanted to inspect the rooms, the SS fired at him. Then all the residents of the house were sent to the basement and the house set on fire. Goering was taken away. He died of dysentery in July 1945 in the Posen camp hospital.
After the war, cooperation between the various psychotherapeutic directions was initially continued in the new Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy (IPP) founded by Harald Schultz-Hencke together with Werner Kemper in May 1945 .
For a long time no one was interested in the “Göring Institute”, apart from justifying statements by those involved. At the 50th anniversary of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute in 1970, Käthe Draeger campaigned for the understanding of those who were born later. In 1975 the American historian Geoffrey Cocks completed his dissertation on Psyche and Swastika. New German Psychiatry from 1933-1945 at the University of California. This dissertation and Regine Lockot's dissertation (Lockot 1985) remain the only major works on the institute.
See also
Web links
literature
- Karen Brecht, Volker Friedrich, Ludger M. Hermanns, Isidor J. Kaminer, Dierk H. Juelich (eds.): "Here life goes on in a very strange way ..." On the history of psychoanalysis in Germany. 2nd, improved edition. Michael Kellner, Hamburg 1985, ISBN 3-922035-98-1 .
- Felix Boehm : Report on the events from 1933 to the Amsterdam Congress in August 1951. In: Felix Boehm: Schriften zur Psychoanalyse. Ölschläger, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-88295-014-5 , pp. 301-310.
- Geoffrey Cocks: Psychotherapy in the Third Reich. The Goering Institute. Oxford University Press, New York NY et al. 1985, ISBN 0-19-503461-9 (2nd edition, revised and expanded. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick NJ et al. 1997, ISBN 1-560-00904-7 ).
- Käthe Dräger: Comments on the circumstances and the fate of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in Germany between 1933 and 1949. In: Psyche . 25. Jg., 1971, pp. 255–268 (Reprinted by Hans-Martin Lohmann (Ed.): Psychoanalysis and National Socialism. Contributions to dealing with an unresolved trauma (= Fischer-Taschenbuch 6780). Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1984, ISBN 3-596-26780-3 , pp. 41-53).
- Hans von Hattingberg: New healing of the soul. Buchholz & Weißwange, Berlin-Charlottenburg 1943.
- Regine Lockot: Remembering and working through. On the history of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy under National Socialism (= Fischer pocket books 3852). Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1985, ISBN 3-596-23852-8 (also: Berlin, Free University, dissertation, 1984).
- Hans-Martin Lohmann (Ed.): Psychoanalysis and National Socialism. Contributions to dealing with an unresolved trauma (= Fischer pocket books 6780). Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1984, ISBN 3-596-26780-3 .
Remarks
- ↑ Lockot 1985: 147.
- ↑ a b Lockot 1985: 188.
- ↑ See Lockot 1985: 152
- ↑ See Dräger 1971, Lohmann 1984: 48.
- ↑ cf. Lockot 1985: 193.
- ↑ See Lockot 1985: 193.
- ↑ Lockot 1985: 195.
- ↑ See Lockot 1985: 200.
- ↑ See Lockot 1985: 199.
- ↑ Lockot 1985: 190-191 - cf. the 1985 Lockot membership list: 352-354.
- ↑ See Lockot 1985: 209.
- ↑ Lockot 1985: 210.
- ↑ See Lockot 1985: 221.
- ↑ Lockot 1985: 194.
- ↑ See Lockot 1985: 207-208.
- ↑ Lockot 1985: 211.
- ↑ Psychoanalysis Munich
- ↑ See e.g. B. Boehm 1978.
- ↑ Dräger 1971.