Carl Müller-Braunschweig

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Carl Müller-Braunschweig (until 1925/1926: Carl Müller ; * April 8, 1881 in Braunschweig ; † October 12, 1958 in Berlin ) was a philosopher, psychoanalyst and association official. During the time of National Socialism he was initially a board member of the German Psychoanalytic Society (DPG), was banned from activity from 1938 to 1945 and became a founding member of the German Psychoanalytic Association (DPV) in 1950 .

Life

Until 1933

Carl Müller's father owned a joinery and made it possible for him to study broadly, primarily in philosophy - with Jonas Cohn , Cay von Brockdorff , Paul Menzer , Carl Stumpf , Georg Lasson and Alois Riehl - as well as in physics, biology, anthropology, psychology, and history Political economy. In 1905 he followed Riehl to Berlin, where he received his doctorate in 1909 and in the same year came into contact with psychoanalysis. Thereupon he renounced an academic career as a philosopher and completed a psychotherapeutic training with Karl Bonhoeffer from 1912 to 1914 , as well as a psychoanalysis first with Karl Abraham and with Hanns Sachs . In 1913 he married Josine Ebsen (1884–1930), who also did an analysis at Sachs and trained as a child analyst.

After the First World War , in 1919 he became a member of the Berlin Psychoanalytical Society and lecturer at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute (BPI) founded in 1920 . From 1922 to 1933 he was secretary and 1933 to 1936 chairman of the teaching committee of the BPI and played a key role in the training guidelines. In 1925, the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPV) elected him to its central board. In the same year he divorced his childless marriage and married the child analyst Ada Schott (1897-1959), who had completed a training analysis with him. They had a son Hans in 1926 and a daughter in 1927.

Müller-Braunschweig published regularly in the international journal for psychoanalysis and in the sexual science journal Imago , mainly dealing with the anthropological position of psychoanalysis within the biological-philosophical image of man.

From 1933 to 1945

After the seizure of power by the National Socialists , the Executive Board of the DPG, the number of Jews was drawn up, replaced, and a new board with the doctor Felix Boehm as chairman and Müller-Braunschweig used as a substitute. According to an internal report by Boehm dated August 21, 1934, Sigmund Freud had promised Boehm and Müller-Braunschweig in April 1933 that they would accept them as the new board of directors if they ensured that Harald Schultz-Hencke stayed away from the board and Wilhelm Reich entirely out of psychoanalysis disappeared (Freud to Boehm: "Free me from Reich!"). The Marxist-oriented Reich was initially excluded from the DPG in 1933 and from the IPV in 1934.

In 1933 Müller-Braunschweig published a memorandum entitled “Psychoanalysis and Weltanschauung”, in which he attributed a benefit to the National Socialist state to psychoanalysis, and through which the DPG also adapted ideologically to the regime. As a result, a total of around two thirds of the DPG members, around 100 analysts and trainees, were expelled from Germany as Jews.

In 1936 the DPG was renamed "Working Group A" in the "German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy", which was headed by the neurologist Matthias Heinrich Göring , a cousin of Hermann Göring . The DPG left the IPA, but this was revised shortly afterwards. Müller-Braunschweig now became chairman of the teaching committee at the "German Institute" and planned to publish a journal for German psychoanalysis in 1938 , in which there should no longer be any "Jewish" influences.

After the "Anschluss of Austria" to the German Reich , in 1938 Matthias Heinrich Göring commissioned Müller-Braunschweig to take over the Viennese Psychoanalytical Association in trust. However, a sympathetic personal letter from Müller-Braunschweig to Anna Freud , which was intercepted by the Gestapo , aroused the mistrust of the regime, whereupon Müller-Braunschweig and Boehm lost their positions. Müller-Braunschweig was banned from teaching and building and therefore later viewed himself as a victim of the regime. The DPG was then officially dissolved.

After 1945

After the end of the war, the DPG was re-established on October 16, 1945 under Müller-Braunschweig's chairmanship. In 1949 he published the magazine for psychoanalysis , but only two issues could be financed. When Harald Schultz-Hencke and the doctor Werner Kemper secured economic security for the profession by billing psychoanalyses and therapies at the Central Institute for Psychogenic Diseases of the Berlin Insurance Company , there was a sharp personal and professional dispute between Müller-Braunschweig and Schultz -Hencke, which was also held publicly at the 1st post-war congress of the IPA in Zurich in 1949. Müller-Braunschweig then left the DPG and founded the DPV on September 11, 1950, which offered its own training course in classical psychoanalysis. At the congress of the IPV in Amsterdam in 1951, the DPV was accepted as a member organization, while the DPG remained excluded.

Müller-Braunschweig then worked as a practical psychoanalyst and as a lecturer in psychoanalysis at the Free University of Berlin . In connection with his teaching activities, he turned his publications primarily to the exegesis of Freud's writings.

Publications

  • The method of a pure ethic, especially the Kantian one, presented in an analysis of the concept of a “practical law”. Doctorate, Berlin 1908, unchanged new edition: Topos, Vaduz / Liechtenstein 1979 (Kantstudien, 11), DNB 780038711 .
  • The relationship of psychoanalysis to ethics, religion and pastoral care. F. Bahn, Schwerin in Mecklenburg 1927 (doctor and pastor, 11), DNB 580787753 .
  • Psychoanalysis and Weltanschauung. In: Reichswart, National Socialist weekly and organ of the Bund Völkischer Europeans / Organe de L'Alliance Raciste Européenne. Volume 14, No. 42, Berlin October 22, 1933, p. 2 f. - Reprinted in: Psyche, magazine for psychoanalysis and its applications. 37th Jg., Stuttgart 1983, pp. 1116-1119.
  • Forays into psychoanalysis. Parus, Reinbek near Hamburg 1948, DNB 453500064 .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The report was first published in: Karen Brecht u. a. (Ed.): "Here life goes on in a very strange way ..." . Michael Kellner Verlag, Hamburg 1985, pp. 99-109
  2. ↑ Because his “resignation” was only briefly reported in the journals of psychoanalysts, Reich himself published a report in 1935 on Wilhelm Reich's exclusion from the IPA ; see. a. Karl Fallend / Bernd Nitzschke (ed.): The 'Fall' Wilhelm Reich. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt / M. 1997
  3. ↑ For more details on Müller-Braunschweig's work in the run-up to and during the Nazi regime, see: Andreas Peglau: Unpolitische Wissenschaft? Wilhelm Reich and Psychoanalysis in National Socialism. Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen 2013, pp. 338–341 et passim
personal data
SURNAME Müller-Braunschweig, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Müller, Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher and psychoanalyst
DATE OF BIRTH April 8, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Braunschweig
DATE OF DEATH October 12, 1958
Place of death Berlin