Ernest Jones

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Alfred Ernest Jones (born January 1, 1879 in Rhosfelyn, today Gowerton / Glamorgan , Wales , † February 11, 1958 in London ) was a British physician, psychoanalyst and Freud biographer.

Group photo taken in front of Clark University in 1909 . Front: Sigmund Freud , Granville Stanley Hall , Carl Gustav Jung . Back: Abraham A. Brill , Ernest Jones, Sándor Ferenczi .

Life

Jones grew up in a wealthy family and decided early on to become a medical doctor. He studied at the Medical School of the University of London, where he received his doctorate in 1903 and was admitted to the Royal College of Physicians in 1904 . He learned the German language in order to study psychiatry with Kraepelin in Munich . From there he moved to Burghölzli in Zurich , after having met CG Jung at a neurology congress in 1907 . In 1908 he met Sigmund Freud for the first time in Vienna , from which a lifelong friendship developed. In the same year he accepted a director position at the mental hospital in Toronto . In 1910 he co-founded the American Psychopathological Association and a year later with the American Psychoanalytic Association . In 1912 he proposed the establishment of a small circle of Freud's students, the later “Secret Committee”, which should preserve Freud's teachings for the long term.

After the end of the First World War he returned to Europe and settled in London, where he founded the British Psychoanalytic Society in 1919 . As President of the BPS, he first promoted Melanie Klein , who moved to England in 1926. Jones founded the International Journal of Psychoanalysis in 1920 , which is still the most important psychoanalytic publication in the world today. He was also responsible for its editing from 1920 to 1939.

Jones was twice President of the International Psychoanalytic Association (1920-1924 and 1932-1949). During the Nazi era , Jones was involved in the negotiations with the regime, which ensured the remaining non-Jewish analysts a further professional activity within the framework of the so-called Göring Institute after Wilhelm Reich had been expelled from the international psychoanalytic association and the Jewish members of the Germans Psychoanalytic Society , d. H. the vast majority resigned "voluntarily". “In November 1935 Jones wrote to Freud's daughter Anna Freud , 'All Jews have to resign from Berlin Society. Deplorable as it would be, I should still say that I prefer Psychoanalysis to be practiced by Gentiles in Germany than not at all and I hope you agree. ' To facilitate the 'integration' of society, Jones, Brill, Boehm and Müller-Braunschweig met with Göring. ”The institute director Matthias Heinrich Göring was a cousin of Hermann Göring .

Jones helped his teacher and friend Sigmund Freud to emigrate after Austria's annexation to the German Reich in 1938. Jones remained in close contact with Freud until his death in 1939.

In the years between 1953 and 1957, Ernest Jones published a voluminous, three-volume biography of Freud, which is still regarded as an important source of the Freud biography. For his work, Jones was able to use, among other things, previously unpublished private letters from Freud to his fiancée Martha Bernays , which contributed to the correction of a partially legendary, glorified image of Freud. Jones also used Siegfried Bernfeld's preliminary biographical work .

Jones' biography also contained numerous inaccuracies and was sharply criticized by later historians. Eli Zaretsky wrote:

Jones' biography, dedicated to Anna Freud , the 'worthy daughter of an immortal man', appeared from 1954 onwards. Freud's picture was so powerful that some analysts attributed the process of maturation that Jones assumed to the fact that in the last decades of his life he was lost in the material. Jones sought to emphasize the scientific character of the analysis, emphasizing Freud's relationship to Briicke's materialism and, in contrast, downplaying Freud's participation in the philosophical lectures of Franz Brentano . Jones was still struggling with the aftermath of a charismatic upheaval, which is why he did not ascribe much importance to the experiences of the men's association, ignored all connections that had existed between analysis and politics, settled old calculations with Rank and Ferenczi and thus set an example for what Peter Homans called the ' primal fear ' of psychoanalysis - namely, that it might be misunderstood as a religion. "

Jones' grave

Jones was a prolific writer, publishing more than 200 essays between 1900 and 1959. An important article by him ( The theory of symbolism ) deals with psychoanalytic symbol theory.

Ernest Jones had four children with his wife Katerina "Kitty", b. Jokl (1892-1983). His son Mervyn became a journalist and writer. After his death, Ernest Jones was cremated in Golders Green Crematorium , and the urn was later buried in the small churchyard of Cheriton on the Gower Peninsula near Swansea in Wales.

Fonts

  • The nightmare in its relation to certain forms of medieval superstition . Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Leipzig 1912
  • Papers on Psycho-Analysis. Baillière, Tindall & Cox, London 1913 (several revised and expanded editions, most recently: 5th edition, Baillière et al., London 1948; reprint of this edition Karnac, London 1977)
  • Treatment of the Neuroses . Baillière, Tindall & Cox, London 1920 (German: Therapy of Neuroses . Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Leipzig 1921)
  • Essays in Applied Psycho-Analysis. 2 volumes. International Psychoanalytic Press, London a. a. 1923 (2nd edition: Hogarth, London 1951; reprint Hillstone, New York 1974)
  • Mother-Right and the Sexual Ignorance of Savages. In: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. Volume 6, 1925, pp. 109-130.
  • Psycho-analysis . Benn, London 1928; New York 1929 (later editions under the title What is Psychoanalysis?, E.g. New York 1948; German translation: What is psychoanalysis? An introduction to the teaching of Sigmund Freud . Translated from the English by Rotraut Schwoerer. Introduced by A. Friedemann. Goldmann, Munich 1967)
  • On the psychoanalysis of the Christian religion . Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Leipzig, Vienna 1928 (reprint, with an afterword by Helmut Dahmer, from Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1970)
  • On the nightmare. Hogarth Press and Institute of Psychoanalysis, London 1931 (contains a revised translation of The Nightmare of 1912 and two other articles)
  • Hamlet and Oedipus. Norton, New York 1949 (Chapter 7 was translated: Hamlet's position in mythology . In: Joachim Kaiser (ed.): Hamlet, heute. Insel, Frankfurt 1965, pp. 53–83)
  • Sigmund Freud, Life and Work . 3 vol. Hogarth, London 1954–1957 (later editions appeared under the title The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud .
    • The life and work of Sigmund Freud. 3 vols. Katherine Jones and Gertrud Meili-Doretzki. Huber, Bern 1960–1962. A reprint of this complete translation was published in 1984 by dtv, Munich, ISBN 3-423-04426-8 , the title was changed, to Sigmund Freud. Life and work . - Jones' Freud biography is a little over 1500 pages in the original English. In 1961 Hogarth, London published a version shortened to about half by Lionel Trilling and Steven Marcus under the title The life and work of Sigmund Freud , with a foreword by Lionel Trilling. The translation of this abridged version appeared in 1969 under the title Sigmund Freud. Life and work at S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main.)
  • Sigmund Freud: Four Centenary Addresses. Basic Books, New York 1956
  • Free Associations: Memories of a Psycho-Analyst. Hogarth, London 1959
  • The theory of symbolism and other essays. With a foreword by Peter Krumme. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-548-03480-2

A bibliography of all publications can be found in The theory of symbolism and other essays , pp. 393-407.

Letters

  • Sigmund Freud, Ernest Jones: Correspondence 1908–1939. English-language edition of Harvard University Press with an additional volume containing Freud's German-language letters in the original wording. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1993.

literature

  • Carlo Bonomi: Ferenczi's "Mental Decay": Jones' Claim Reassessed. In: Psyche . Journal of Psychoanalysis and Its Applications. 53rd Volume, No. 5, May 1999, pp. 408-418.
  • Vincent Brome: Ernest Jones: Freud's Alter Ego. Caliban Books, London 1982, ISBN 0-904573-57-5 .
  • Thomas Gruffydd Davies: Ernest Jones. 1879-1958. University of Wales Press, Cardiff 1979, ISBN 0-7083-0719-1 .
  • Regine Lockot: Remembering and working through. On the history of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy under National Socialism. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1985, ISBN 3-596-23852-8 .
  • Brenda Maddox: Freud's Wizard. The Enigma of Ernest Jones. John Murray, London 2006, ISBN 0-7195-6792-0 .
  • Jones, Ernest. In: Élisabeth Roudinesco , Michel Plon: Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Names, countries, works, terms. Translation. Springer, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-211-83748-5 , pp. 501-506.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Barbara I. Tshsisuaka: Jones, Alfred Ernest. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 704.
  2. ↑ The Secret Committee Freud's Ideological Clearing Instrument on the page: Internet publication for general and integrative psychotherapy
  3. ↑ Eli Zaretsky: Freud century. The history of psychoanalysis. Zsolnay, Vienna 2006, p. 325.
  4. ↑ Eli Zaretsky: Freud century. The history of psychoanalysis. Zsolnay, Vienna 2006, p. 418.
personal data
SURNAME Jones, Ernest
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jones, Ernest Alfred
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British psychoanalyst and author
DATE OF BIRTH January 1, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Glamorgan , Wales
DATE OF DEATH February 11, 1958
Place of death London