Vladimir Eliasberg

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Wladimir Gottlieb Eliasberg (born December 10, 1887 in Wiesbaden , † February 26, 1969 in New York , NY ) was a German psychiatrist and psychotherapist .

Career

Wladimir Eliasberg was born the son of a German-Jewish chemist, but became a Russian citizen in 1889 when he lived with his family in Riga for a few years ; from 1896, however, he grew up in Berlin . After graduating from high school in 1906, he studied medicine , mathematics and philosophy there until he moved to Heidelberg for the summer semester of 1910 , where he stayed until the winter semester of 1911/12 and made formative experiences: Here he attended the Psychiatric University Clinic as a student Working group of the young assistant Arthur Kronfeld , which he formed at the same time to discuss the foundations of Freud's psychological theories with his friend Otto Meyerhof (who for his part had recently received his doctorate from Franz Nissl as director of the clinic with contributions to the psychological theory of mental disorders ) had - in addition to later famous scientists like the future Nobel Prize winners Otto Warburg and Otto Meyerhof as well as Karl Jaspers, who was still psychiatric at the time, and his colleague Hans W. Gruhle .

After its approval Elias Berg took over in 1913 working as a ship's doctor , graduated in 1914 his first marriage, emerged from the four daughters, and volunteered for military service in which he with the Iron Cross was awarded. From 1919 to 1924 he worked under Emil Kraepelin's former employee Max Isserlin , who later died in exile in England, at the August Heckscher Hospital for soldiers with brain injuries in Munich . In 1924, in addition to his medical doctorate, Eliasberg obtained a Dr. phil. and opened a practice as a neurologist in Munich.

In 1925 he was the initiator and then - with the help of numerous well-known psychotherapeutically committed psychiatrists such as the above. Arthur Kronfeld - organizer of the 1926 in Germany until 1931, held annually large medical general conventions for psychotherapy , which were attended by doctors from all over Europe, and on 1. December 1927 in Berlin establishing the European medical General Society for Psychotherapy (AÄGP) led . At first he also worked as editor of the association journal of the same name, which appeared from 1928 and which, after being renamed the Zentralblatt für Psychotherapie , was edited by Kronfeld and IHSchultz from 1930 to 1933 , before Jewish scientists in Germany immediately had to cease all public activity when Hitler came to power .

In the same year Eliasberg gave up the management of a private clinic for language disorders, curative education and exercise treatment in Munich-Thalkirchen, which he had taken over in 1928, and emigrated to Vienna , where he was professor of the psychology of propaganda at the commercial academy . In 1937 he received a visiting professorship at the Academy of Political Sciences in Prague , before he emigrated to the USA with his wife and two youngest daughters after the annexation of Austria in 1938 , where his sister Helene had been working as a pediatrician since 1933 . He quickly managed to gain a foothold in his field. In 1940 he founded the Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy in New York , which he chaired until 1943. From 1941 to 1944 he worked as a psychiatrist at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. He then opened a practice as a psychiatrist, neurologist and psychotherapist. He was involved in many medical organizations; so he stood u. a. 1957–1964 as President of the American Association of Psychoanalytic Physicians . He was also co-editor and founder of various scientific journals. - He got a second marriage in the fifties.

Soon after the end of the war, Eliasberg visited Germany and gave lectures here again, for example at the Lindau Psychotherapy Weeks . In 1967 he was invited to the 7th International Congress of Psychiatry in Wiesbaden , whereby it was planned that he should be entered in the Golden Book of his hometown, at the same time he should have been honored on the occasion of his 80th birthday at the said congress. For health reasons, however, he was no longer able to travel to Germany; he died two years later in New York of complications from a heart attack.

AÄKP and AÄGP

Eliasberg's greatest achievement in contemporary history is that he succeeded in the mid-twenties, for the various psychotherapeutic approaches of that time - which were reflected and discussed far beyond psychiatry in all of medicine in the context of psychosomatic considerations - in the deliberately generally mentioned To create an organizational foundation for congresses and the society for psychotherapy that supports them, and a forum for scientific exchange in their publication organ. In doing so, he established an alternative to the schooling in this area, which had developed around important pioneers in psychotherapy such as Sigmund Freud , Alfred Adler , Wilhelm Stekel and others such as CGJung .

While maintaining this cross-school character, it was misused by "German" psychotherapists in the Third Reich to propagate National Socialist ideas and thus largely lost its importance. After the collapse of the National Socialist tyranny, however, it was re-established in Marburg in 1948 by its last chairman before 1933, Ernst Kretschmer , and the Lindau Psychotherapy Weeks came into being, which subsequently developed into the most important psychotherapy training event in Europe and has remained so until today. On Kretschmer's initiative, the AÄGP's journal for psychotherapy and medical psychology was created again in 1951 . The work of Eliasberg continues in these forms to this day.

Publications

Wladimir Eliasberg left behind an extensive scientific oeuvre in the fields of psychology, psychotherapy, forensics, work pathology and psychotechnology; In the neurological field, he has mainly worked on aphasia, disorders of speech comprehension and language ability, the causes of which are brain damage. His research papers are now at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville , Texas . The following publications are worth mentioning:

  • 1924: Outline of a general work pathology
  • 1927 (Ed.): Psychotherapy. Report on the 1st General Medical Congress for Psychotherapy in Baden-Baden, 17. – 19. April 1926. (With list of participants ) Marhold, Halle
  • 1927 (Ed.): Report on the II General Medical Congress for Psychotherapy in Bad Nauheim, April 27-30, 1927. (With list of participants ) Hirzel, Leipzig
  • 1929 (Ed.): Report on the III. General Medical Congress for Psychotherapy in Baden-Baden, April 20-22, 1928. (With list of participants and list of members of the General Medical Society for Psychotherapy - sorted geographically and alphabetically) Hirzel, Leipzig
  • 1936: Advertising Science. A textbook on a sociological, economic and psychological basis
  • 1954: Early Criticisms of Freud's Psychoanalysis. Psychoanal Rev. 41, 347-353
  • 1956: General Medical Society for Psychotherapy 1926-1931. History of six congresses. Am. J. Psychiat. 112, 738-740
  • 1957: Towards a Philosophy of Propaganda
  • 1959: Social Psychiatry
  • 1969: Violence

literature

  • Zeller, Uwe: Psychotherapy in the Weimar period - the establishment of the "General Medical Society for Psychotherapy" (AÄGP). MVK Medien Verlag Köhler, Tübingen 2001.
  • Werner Röder; Herbert A. Strauss (Ed.): International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933-1945 . Volume 2.1. Munich: Saur, 1983 ISBN 3-598-10089-2 , p. 257

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