Max Marcuse

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Max Marcuse (born April 14, 1877 in Berlin ; † June 24 or 27, 1963 in Tel Aviv or Jerusalem ) was a German dermatologist and sexologist .

Life

Max Marcuse was of Jewish descent. He attended the Sophiengymnasium and then the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium , where he passed his Abitur in 1895. He then studied and heard Hertwig, Georg Klemperer , Hermann Senator , Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer and Warburg in Berlin, Geigel and Ferdinand Riedinger in Würzburg and Alfred Hegar and Hugo Sellheim in Freiburg . From this time came the marks on his face that he suffered from his membership in a student association . He received his doctorate in Berlin in 1900.

Albert Neisser referred Marcuse's application to his student Josef Jadassohn . There he worked as an unpaid volunteer doctor from October 1900 to the end of September 1901. He received his doctorate in Berlin in December 1901 with a thesis in the field of dermatology. He then worked in Alfred Blaschkos' private polyclinic for skin and venereal diseases in Berlin until the summer of 1902 . From September 1902 Marcuse was an assistant doctor in the dermatological ward of the Frankfurt Municipal Hospital, which was headed by Karl Herxheimer . He left the hospital in February 1903 after Marcuse and Herxheimer had been passed over when filling a secondary physician position in favor of a councilor's son. He then settled in Berlin in 1904/05 as a doctor for venereal diseases and sexual disorders .

“Marcuse's main achievement, however, is an activity that could be called the disciplinary foundation of sexology . Above all, this includes his founding and editing activities [...], which were suitable to turn the scattered sex research into a subject with its own specialist societies and specialist journals, and even with textbooks and handbooks. "

- Volkmar Sigusch : History of Sexology. With a contribution by Günter Grau . Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-593-38575-4 , p. 319 f. (Emphasis in the original).

On February 26, 1905, Max Marcuse was one of the co-founders of the Bund für Mutterschutz in Berlin , which in 1908 was renamed the German Bund für Mutterschutz und Sexualreform . Marcuse was elected to the federal board and was also a member of the board of the Berlin local group. At the end of 1907, the publishing house of the magazine for the reform of sexual ethics gave him the editing, which Helene Stöcker had previously held. Marcuse now used the title Sexual -probleme for the magazine without informing Helene Stöcker of the decision. As a result, Marcuse was expelled from an extraordinary federal general assembly for maternity leave. Marcuse responded with violent attacks - also in his magazine.

Marcuse ran the title Sexual -probleme as a journal for social science and sexual politics . As early as 1909 he cooperated with the Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft , which Magnus Hirschfeld had founded at the end of 1908, but which soon had to discontinue its publication. Hirschfeld, along with Sigmund Freud , Eduard Bernstein , Christian von Ehrenfels , Havelock Ellis and other authors, was one of the permanent contributors to the magazine Sexual = Problems .

After Magnus Hirschfeld, Iwan Bloch and Albert Eulenburg had founded the first sexological society with the Medical Society for Sexual Science and Eugenics in 1913 , the conservative scientist Albert Moll responded in Berlin that same year by founding the International Society for Sexual Research .

In 1914 Eulenburg and Bloch founded the Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft . The International Society for Sexual Research commissioned a collective, including Albert Moll and Max Marcuse, with the publication . Marcuse also edited the magazine from 1919 to 1932. The cover of the December 1931 issue showed an expansion of the area to include a magazine for sex science and sex politics . The magazine had meanwhile received the status of a newsletter, which was now published by Max Marcuse. The following scientists - along with other authors - were named as permanent employees: Max Dessoir , Sigmund Freud, Josef Jadassohn , Albert Moll, Hugo Sellheim , Sebald Rudolf Steinmetz and Leopold von Wiese .

After the book burnings in April and May 1933 , Max Marcuse emigrated to Palestine and stayed there after the establishment of the State of Israel .

He died on June 24, 1963 in his apartment in Tel Aviv - in "eli-lenti", which in Old High German means "in a foreign country".

family

His father Carl Marcuse (1831–1906) was a businessman, and his mother Johanna, geb. Labus (1840–1912) came from a family who owned a mill. Marcuse had two sisters: Hedwig (1861–1875) and Lina (1864–1938). Marcuse himself was married several times. In 1905 he married Helene Frida Elisabeth Kohl (1880–1961). The marriage, which was divorced after more than twenty years, came from Yohanan Meroz (1920–2006), former ambassador of the State of Israel to the Federal Republic of Germany and Switzerland. At the 14th Congress of the German Society for Social Science Sex Research (DGSS) from June 29 to July 2, 2000 in Berlin, Yohanan Meroz gave a speech About my Father Max Marcuse 1877–1963. (Yohanan Meroz 1988 was the presenter at the presentation of the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade to Siegfried Lenz .)

In 1936 Max Marcuse married Grete Seelenfreund, b. Freudenthal. She had left Germany with her first husband in 1933 to go to Palestine. In 1945 this marriage was also divorced. While Grete married again, Max Marcuse did not enter into another marriage.

Marcuse's younger son, Michael Meroz, studied veterinary medicine and received his doctorate in 1962 from the University of Bern with a treatise on "artificial insemination of cattle" in Israel. med. vet. (Meroz, 1962). Until his retirement in 1996, he was chief physician for poultry diseases in the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and is now an internationally renowned expert.

The journalist Sibylle Krause-Burger described her grandfather's cousin in her family story published in 2007.

Fonts (selection)

Max Marcuse: Illegitimate Mothers , from the series Big City Documents , Volume 27
author
  • Skin diseases and sexuality. Urban and Schwarzenberg, Berlin / Vienna 1907.
  • The Federation for Maternity Protection . In: Sexual Problems: Journal of Sexology and Sexual Politics. Vol. 4 (1908), H. 4, pp. 35-37.
  • Illegitimate mothers. Seemann, Berlin 1910.
  • The dangers of sexual abstinence to health. Separately printed from: Journal for Combating Venereal Diseases. Vol. 11, H. 3 and 4. Barth, Leipzig 1910.
  • On incest (= legal-psychiatric borderline questions. Vol. 10). Marhold, Halle 1915.
  • Preventive conjugal intercourse: its distribution, causation and methodology. Shown and illuminated at 300 marriages . Enke, Stuttgart 1917.
  • Changes in the thought and will of reproduction (= treatises from the field of sexual research. Vol. 1, H. 1). Marcus and Weber, Bonn 1918.
  • The sexuological significance of birth control and contraception in marriage. Enke, Stuttgart 1919.
  • About the fertility of Christian-Jewish mixed marriage. A lecture (= treatises from the field of sex research. Vol. 2, H. 4). Marcus and Weber, Bonn 1920.
editor
  • Concise dictionary of sexology: encyclopedia of the natural and cultural science of human sex education. Marcus and Weber, Bonn 1923 (2nd edition 1926). New edition of the 2nd edition: Introduction by Robert Jütte . De Gruyter, Berlin New York 2001.
  • Marriage: its physiology, psychology, hygiene and eugenics . A biological marriage book. Marcus and Weber / W. de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1927.
editor
  • Documentation of the 1st congress of the International Society for Sexual Research from October 10th to 16th, 1926 in Berlin. Marcus and Weber, Berlin / Cologne 1928.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b Volkmar Sigusch : Max Marcuse (1877–1963). In: Volkmar Sigusch, Günter Grau (Hrsg.): Personal Lexicon of Sexual Research. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2009, p. 462.
  2. Title page January issue / 1911, 7th year Archive for Sexual Science.
  3. Ibid.
  4. Issue 10 / January 1924, Volume X. Sexology Archives.
  5. 6th issue / December 1931, XVIII. Tape. Sexology Archives.
  6. Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 16, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Archive. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.rz.hu-berlin.de
  7. Sibylle Krause-Burger: Greetings from Mr. Wolle once again: History of my German-Jewish family. DVA, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-421-05915-4 , p. 29 ff.