Wind evacuator
Wind evacuators are trees and bushes whose growth pattern is determined by the wind blowing mainly from one direction . In East Friesland , Windflüchter are called in Low German as Windlooper , ie "Windrunner". Wind evacuators with particularly pronounced flag growth are sometimes called "wind harps" because their shape is reminiscent of an inclined harp . Especially in winter, when deciduous trees have bare branches, these can look like the strings of an Aeolian harp .
description
The growths are stronger on one side than the weather side - the trees "flee from the wind". The "wind growth" is associated with more or less clear misalignment of the trunk , eccentric growth rings and flag-shaped crown formation. In forestry and forest botany , these features are called growth anomalies .
The term “Windschur” refers to the beveling of the existing roof of entire rows of trees, avenues and larger groups of trees - the tree tops that merge into one another look “like they have been sheared”.
Occurrence
The presence of more or less constant and strong, but not storm-like wind conditions, which force the plants in the direction away from the wind, is decisive for the development of the typical form of growth that flies from the wind. This can be the case both on a small scale (e.g. only on certain mountain slopes) and on a large scale (e.g. in coastal regions or because of the mistral in the Rhone Valley). As a result, trees are not designated as wind evacuators, which are due to temporary storm events such. B. are damaged on one side by broken branches.
Wind evacuators occur worldwide in particular in open areas that are constantly exposed to wind, on coasts , on ridges and on the edges of stands. In Germany they occur mainly in the coastal regions of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea and on various higher, largely tree-free mountain tops and slopes in the low mountain ranges up to the Alps .
Weather fir
The term weather fir describes a stand-alone conifer that protects people and cattle from the weather. It is often spruce or silver fir . Weather firs are mostly disheveled by wind and weather; this appearance makes them a popular subject in painting and poetry. They are also often used as a metaphor .
Cultural meaning
Striking wind evacuators are often known as landmarks , such as the Sabinas on El Hierro .
Forms of fleeing wind from the coasts of China and Japan were often depicted in the landscape painting and graphics of these cultures. The mustard seed garden , a painting textbook of the 17th century, prides itself on the mastery of Wang Shu-Ming , Li Cheng ("pines with the curvature of a curled dragon or a soaring phoenix ") and the two Mi, Mi Fei and Mi Youren .
In bonsai , "air forms" based on natural windsurfaces are called Fukinagashi ("windswept bonsai").
Sabina ( Phoenician juniper , Juniperus phoenicea ), landmark of El Hierro
"Windlooper" near Esens in East Friesland
"Wind harp" near Albersdorf in Dithmarschen
"Windbuchen" on the Schauinsland
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Keyword wind damage. In: Peter Schütt , Hans Joachim Schuck, Bernd Stimm (ed.): Lexicon of forest botany. Morphology, pathology, ecology and systematics of important tree and shrub species. ecomed, Landsberg / Lech, 1992. ISBN 3-609-65800-2 . Pp. 567/568
- ↑ Schmid: Country Book of Canton Glaurus, the laws and regulations of an administrative nature . tape 2 , 1854, p. 7 ( google.de ).
- ↑ Bernd Graff: Guttenberg waives a doctorate - unconscious weather fir. Süddeutsche Zeitung, February 22, 2011, accessed on January 20, 2017 .
- ↑ Wang Gai, Li Liufang: The Mustard Corn Garden : Textbook of Chinese Painting. Part 1 . Ed .: Hans Daucher. Maier, Ravensburg 1987, ISBN 3-473-48346-X , p. 137 .
literature
- Walter Denker, Reimer Stecher: Old trees in Dithmarschen. Of wind chutes, buckling harps and oaks. Boyens, Heide 1997. ISBN 3-8042-0799-5 .
