Johann Michael Winterhalder

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Johann Michael Winterhalder (born September 7, 1706 in Vöhrenbach in the Black Forest ; baptized in the name of Michael; † May 12, 1759 ibid) was a German Baroque artist from the Winterhalder family of sculptors .

Life

He was one of three children of the sculptor Adam Winterhalder and his wife Elisabeth who took up their father's profession. Like his brothers Anton (1699–1758) and Josef (1702–1769), he learned the trade from his father. One year younger Matthias Faller (1707–1791) was a fellow apprentice . Like Adam Winterhalder, Faller came from the Oberfallengrundhof in Neukirch in the Black Forest. In 1725 - both were 18 years old - Johann Michael Winterhalder and Matthias Faller went on the journeyman's hike together, which presumably led them first to Johann Michaels cousin, the sculptor Philipp Winterhalder in Gengenbach , then via Colmar , Augsburg and Munich to Vienna and Prague . Contact with Georg Raphael Donner became important in Vienna . 1728–1730 Johann Michael Winterhalder is mentioned in the student lists of the Academy of Fine Arts . Josef Winterhalder had already attended the academy, 1726–1728. 1731–1732 all three Winterhalder brothers worked in the Premonstratensian monastery in Hradisch and the pilgrimage church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary and the residence of Heiligenberg near Olomouc in Moravia in today's Czech Republic . Then the paths parted. Anton and Josef stayed in Moravia. Johann Michael returned home in 1733, possibly called by his eighty-year-old, overworked father and accompanied by Matthias Faller. On the occasion of his marriage to Maria Scherzinger (1713–1749) on February 8, 1734, his father gave him the Vöhrenbach workshop. Johann Michael and Maria Winterhalder had six children, two of whom, Josef (1743-1807) and Anton (1745-1805), became sculptors. Anton took over the workshop after his father's death.

plant

The work in the Czech Republic, six statues for the staircase of the Hradisch monastery and the pulpit and portal sculptures for the pilgrimage church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, are mainly the work of Josef Winterhalder. Johann Michael's work after his return home includes, in chronological order:

• Immediately after returning home, figures were created for the side altars of the Vöhrenbach parish church of St. Martin, which had been commissioned by the father from 1715 . Today's church is a new building from 1953–1954. The altars were destroyed when the old church was demolished, the statues were loaned out or kept in the attic of the rectory. Restored in the 1970s, they are now placed on the walls of the new building, namely St. James the Elder ⁽¹⁾ , the apocryphal parents Marias Joachim ⁽²⁾ and Anna ⁽³⁾ , both with the baby Jesus, Antony the Great ^{(4 )} and Antonius von Padua ⁽⁵⁾ , the martyrs Sebastian ⁽⁶⁾ , Rochus von Montpellier ⁽⁷⁾ , Barbara von Nicomedia ⁽⁸⁾ and Katharina von Alexandria ⁽⁹⁾ as well as Severin ⁽¹⁰⁾ , Dominikus ⁽¹¹⁾ and Katharina von Siena ⁽¹²⁾ . “Unfortunately, due to the destruction of the Vöhrenbach side altars, an important baroque work of the Upper Black Forest was lost. After all, they were designed by Adam Winterhalder, furnished by him with the two main characters, but then no longer completed. They show a world of forms that was soon replaced by more elegant lines. ”Adam Winterhalder's“ main characters ”were a rosary Madonna and Saint Joseph of Nazareth , both now in private ownership. Later Johann Michael carved a cross, which is now attached to the front wall of the church between the mourning Maria and Johannes by the hand of his father.

• Side altar figures in St. Martin, Vöhrenbach
• 

  (1) James the Elder

• 

  (2) Joachim

• 

  (3) Anna

• 

  (4) Anthony the Great

• 

  (5) Anthony of Padua

• 

  (6) Sebastian

• 

  (7) Rochus

• 

  (8) Barbara

• 

  (9) Catherine of Alexandria

• 

  (10) Severin

• 

  (11) Dominic

• 

  (12) Catherine of Siena

• From 1736, the year of the contract with the client, three altars for the church of the Benedictine monastery Ettenheimmünster, which was rebuilt from 1718 to 1728 according to plans by Peter Thumb . The commission probably only concerned the altar architecture, not the figures. During the secularization from 1804 the interior of the church was destroyed or sold. The whereabouts of the high altar is unknown. The Marien side altar is today in the old Catholic church Gütenbach , the Benedict side altar in the church of St. Martin in the Grimmelshofen district of Stühlingen .

• Work made between 1738 and 1741 for the collegiate church , today's parish church of St. Margaretha , in Waldkirch , which was built according to plans by Peter Thumb from 1732 to 1734 , namely the high altar and, on the walls of the church, statues of the twelve apostles and St. Paul . The high altar was changed a few years later in the spirit of the Rococo , but Winterhalder's sculptures remained. Compared to his larger-than-life Katharina with sword, wheel and palm and Barbara with tower and palm at the Waldkirch high altar, “the two Vöhrenbacher Katharina and Barbara appear like two little sisters ... but they show a great relationship in type, costumes, posture of body and arms and that characteristic fold style ”. The apostles and Paul are among the few works by Winterhalder in stucco instead of wood. Among them, Andreas ⁽¹⁾ with book and Andrew's Cross , James, The Elder ⁽²⁾ with book, Pilgrim, Pilgrim rod and scallops , Johannes ⁽³⁾ with book and cup, Bartholomew ⁽⁴⁾ with knife and peeled, laid over the right shoulder skin as well as James the Younger ⁽⁵⁾ with a walking stick .

• Apostle in St. Margaretha, Waldkirch
• 

  (1) Andreas

• 

  (2) James the Elder

• 

  (3) John

• 

  (4) Bartholomew

• 

  (5) James the Younger

• Between 1745 and 1750 the apostles Simon Petrus , Andreas , Jakobus the Elder, Johannes, Bartholomäus and Paulus on the walls and twice, on the sound cover of the pulpit and the baptismal font cover , John the Baptist in the parish church of St. Johann (Donaueschingen), which was built from 1724 . "The broad-shouldered <Apostels> with strong hair are relatively flat and designed with large, smooth strips of clothing."

• Simultaneous work for the parish church of St. Andreas in Donaueschingen - Neudingen , namely the high altar with Andreas, the apostle Johannes and two angels as well as an angel on the pulpit. Winterhalder had to prevail against competition. The responsible senior office in Hüfingen decided for him on the grounds that “he understood this art that he had learned, so you have to assign Johann Michael Winnterhalteren to him ... prior work in front of others, especially in front of a stranger. You carry out our most gracious will on it and we are gracious and favored with you. "

• Figures from around 1750 in the church “Our Lady of the Rosary”, which dates back to the Middle Ages, in the Unterreute von Reute district . The original church patrons were Felix and Regula . This patronage was transferred from 1901 to 1902 to the then newly built church in Oberreute. Winterhalder's Maria immaculata stands in the high altar of the old church, whose artist is unknown . On the side altars, which have been stripped of their superstructures, are Saint Joseph on the left, and Saint Catherine of Alexandria, Felix and Regula on the right.

• Around 1750 almost life-size, white-framed statues of the apostles Petrus and Paulus as well as the holy Afra of Augsburg and the holy Empress Kunigunde in the Augustinermuseum Freiburg, probably from the church of the former monastery of the Augustinian hermits , which houses the museum.

• Figures of St. Dominic and St. Catherine of Siena from the same period and attributed to Johann Michael's workshop on the high altar of St. Martin in Endingen am Kaiserstuhl ; John the Baptist and St. Sebastian on the high altar of St. Martin in Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl ; John the Baptist, the Apostle John, the Archangel Michael and St. Gall in the parish church of St. Ulrich in Rheinhausen -Oberhausen; as well as John the Baptist and Sebastian, formerly on the high altar, now on the triumphal arch of St. Laurentius in Kenzingen, neighboring Rheinhausen .

• 1752, attributed to Winterhalder, the altar of the Blasius Chapel in Waldkirch- Kollnau . In the middle of the altar stands the elderly Saint Blasius von Sebaste of the grandfather Bartholomaeus Winterhalder , left and right are Johann Michael's Saint Joseph and Saint Wendelin with a shepherd's bag, shepherd's shovel, sheep and cow, above between putti the eye of providence and the dove of the Holy Spirit . The figures in the chapel are copies. The originals are in the Elztal Museum in Waldkirch.

• Furnishings for the parish church of St. Alexius in Herbolzheim, built from 1752 onwards . In 1754 Winterhalder received "for the portrait of salvation: Alexii at the portal" 25 guilders and in 1755 "for the portrait of Christ and St: Joan: on the baptismal font cover" 7 guilders. With "Bildnus des Heil: Alexii" is meant the hard stucco relief outside above the church portal, with "St. Joan “John the Baptist. In addition to these documented works, Winterhalder will also include the high altar statues of Saints Pantaleon and Landelin von Ettenheimmünster , angels at the high altar, Christ blessing on the pulpit, King David playing the harp and Saint Cecilia on the gallery parapet and the grave memorial for the pastor at the time the church was built Attributed to Machleid on the north wall of the choir.

• The small pilgrimage church of Maria Sand is located near Herbolzheim . "Thick base plates, rough smoothing of the back, hair and wrinkles processing of the entire figural sculpture suggest an attribution of <the high altar figures> to the Vöhrenbacher sculptor JM Winterhalder."

• 1754–1756 Saints Peter and Paul from the high altar of St. Brigitta in Niederschopfheim, a district of Hohberg in the Ortenau district .

• 1758–1759, the last and most mature works, the side altar figures of St. Catherine and Barbara on the left, “of excellent quality”, Dominic and Katharinas of Siena on the right, as well as the pulpit of the parish church of St. Leodegar in Schliengen .

Appreciation

"Johann Michael Winterhalder was one of the most important baroque sculptors in the Black Forest and the German southwest around the middle of the 18th century." "With Faller and Winterhalder, a new art in sculpture begins on the Upper Rhine, a new style comes from Bavaria, Austria and Bohemia us, who has enchanted people for 40 years with its elegant figures and fine ornamentation. ”Winterhalder's artistic temperament differs from Faller's and Christian Wenzinger's . "Winterhalder's figures with their smooth garment surfaces do not have the delicately moving, fine surface modeling of his contemporaries, but a reduced, leather-like materiality." Physique. ”He stopped at the threshold of the Rococo. Faller's works are mentioned 15 times in the 1997 Dehio manual for the administrative districts of Freiburg and Tübingen, and Johann Michael Winterhalder's works 11 times.

literature

• Benno Griebert: Studies on Baroque sculpture in the Upper Rhine. Inaugural dissertation at the Philosophical Faculty of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, 1935.
• Manfred Hermann: To the Black Forest sculptors Winterhalder in Neukirch and Vöhrenbach. In: Bernd Mathias Kremer (ed.): Art and spiritual culture on the Upper Rhine. Festschrift for Hermann Brommer on his 70th birthday. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 1996, pp. 61–83.
• Manfred Hermann: Parish Church of St. Martin Vöhrenbach in the Black Forest. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg without a year (1996?). ISBN 3-931820-12-2 .
• Bernhard Kleiser: The Winterhalder family of sculptors. In: Working group city history of the home guild "Frohsinn" eV Vöhrenbach (Hrsg.): Vöhrenbach in the Black Forest: new contributions to the city history. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1994, ISBN 3-89264-888-3 , pp. 90-109.
• Lore Noack-Heuck : Winterhalder, Johann Michael . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 84 .
• Christoph Winterhalder: Bartel Winterhalder, the carver, and his descendants. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar. Volume 30, 1980, pp. 99-112.

Web links

Commons : Johann Michael Winterhalder  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Kleiser 1994, p. 96.
2. ↑ Winterhalder 1980, p. 127.
3. ↑ Hermann 1996, p. 64.
4. ↑ The identity of the saint named "Severin" is unclear. The figure is naked except for a cloth draped dramatically around the abdomen and right arm and does not fit any "Severin" in the lexicon of Christian iconography .
5. ↑ Hermann 1996, p. 80.
6. ^ Image on the website of the Old Catholic Church in Gütenbach.
7. ^ Dieter Weis: Monastery church Ettenheimmünster. On the furnishings of the church and the whereabouts of the church furnishings, there p. 136. Reiff Schwarwaldverlag, Offenburg 1999. ISBN 3-922663-59-1 .
8. ^ Adalbert Birth: St. Margaretha Waldkirch. 4th edition. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1999. ISBN 3-7954-4843-3 ; Pictures from St. Margaretha on the website of the pastoral care unit Waldkirch.
9. ↑ Kleiser pp. 100-101.
10. ^ Manfred Hermann: City Parish Church of St. Johann Donaueschingen. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-89870-668-1 .
11. ↑ Kleiser p. 100.
12. ^ Hermann Brommer: The churches of Reute. Schnell and Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1987.
13. ↑ The church on the website of the pastoral care unit Herbolzheim-Rheinhausen. as well as discover Baden-Württemberg online on the Landeskunde website . Retrieved February 8, 2016.
14. ↑ Pictures of the chapel on the website of the pastoral care unit Waldkirch.
15. ^ ^{A b} Hermann Brommer: Catholic parish church St. Alexius Herbolzheim i. Br. 2nd edition. Schnell and Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1984.
16. ↑ Pictures on the website of the pastoral care unit Hohberg  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .  
17. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (edit.): Handbook of German Art Monuments - Baden-Württemberg II . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997. ISBN 978-3-422-03030-5 , p. 486.
18. ↑ Kleiser p. 106.
19. ↑ Noack-Heuck.
20. ↑ Kleiser p. 107.
21. ↑ Manfred Hermann: Matthias Faller's life and work. In: Parish of St. Märgen, St. Märgen Monastery Museum (Ed.): Matthias Faller. The baroque sculptor from the Black Forest. Book accompanying the exhibition of the same name May 17 - September 2, 2007, pp. 4–13. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2007. ISBN 978-3-89870-382-6 .
22. ↑ Stefanie Zumbrink and Guido Linke: The sculpture of the 18th century on the southern Upper Rhine and in the Black Forest. In: Parish of St. Märgen, St. Märgen Monastery Museum (Ed.): Matthias Faller. The baroque sculptor from the Black Forest. Book accompanying the exhibition of the same name May 17 - September 2, 2007, pp. 58–67. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2007. ISBN 978-3-89870-382-6 .
23. ↑ Kleiser p. 107.
24. ↑ Griebert p. 41.
25. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (edit.): Handbook of German Art Monuments - Baden-Württemberg II . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997. ISBN 978-3-422-03030-5 .