St. Brigitta (Niederschopfheim)

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St. Brigitta around 1900
St. Brigitta 2017

St. Brigitta is the Roman Catholic parish church of Niederschopfheim , part of the political community of Hohberg in the Ortenau district of Baden-Württemberg . The parish together with the parishes of St. Gallus in Hofweier and St. Carolus in Diersburg, both also part of the political community of Hohberg, form the Hohberg pastoral care unit of the Archdiocese of Freiburg .

Wilhelm Bartelt (1887–1967), who was pastor in Niederschopfheim from 1932 to 1948, did research on the place and its church .

history

Of the three villages of Niederschopfheim, Hofweier and Diersburg that are now united in the municipality of Hohberg, Niederschopfheim is the earliest mentioned - 777 as Scofhaim in Fulrad's will , abbot of the Saint-Denis abbey . However, Scofhaim also meant today's Oberschopfheim ; Niderenschopfheim is only attested in 1289, when the two villages separated. The Widons had given Fulrad property in Scofhaim . The name of the church patroness, the Irish saint Brigida ( Brigitte von Kildare ) , points just as far back . Monks of the Irish Scottish Mission brought their worship to the kingdom of the Franks , where, among other things, they founded the Honau Monastery around 720. Gone today, it was on the site of the village of Honau, now part of the Rheinau community . It was dedicated to St. Michael and a kind of mission center for the Ortenau. Of several Brigitten churches - Wilhelm Bartelt names six - only St. Brigitta in Sasbach has retained patronage apart from Niederschopfheim .

In addition to Saint-Denis and Honau monastery, the Ettenheimmünster and Hohenburg monasteries had property in Niederschopfheim early on. In the 12th and 13th centuries the bishops of Strasbourg obtained local rule, which they gave to various families of knights as fiefs . From 1479 to 1538 it was the Knights of Bach . Georg von Bach († 1538), with whom the family died out and whose stone tomb by the hand of Christoph von Urach stands outside the Holy Cross Church in Offenburg , held Niederschopfheim during the Reformation with the Roman Catholic Confession. Other noble families followed, the same as in Hofweier; but they were landowners in Hofweier and Strasbourg fiefs in Niederschopfheim. The last were the Lords of Frankenstein . Currently Johann Friedrich Karl Franz Xaver von Frankenstein-Ockstadt (1745-1832) who arranged Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 Europe new. Ecclesiastical rulers were secularized , and Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden was able to write to Johann Friedrich Karl Franz Xaver on December 9, 1802: “In accordance with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss I feel justified that the bishopric of Strasbourg, which had its seat on the other side of the Rhine, was on the right of the Rhine that had belonged to the feudal glory of the village of Niederschopfheim, which it owned as a Strasbourg fiefdom. ”As early as September 27, 1802, Baden troops had moved into the episcopal area to the right of the Rhine. The last bishop of Strasbourg, Louis René Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné , who lived in Ettenheim , “deliberately went hunting that day.” From 1806, Niederschopfheim belonged to the Grand Duchy of Baden . Ecclesiastically, it came from the diocese of Strasbourg to the diocese of Constance in 1803 and to the newly founded archdiocese of Freiburg in 1821.

A church in Niederschopfheim was first recorded in 1160: “Scopheim cum ecclesia”.

Layout

Building history

During a restoration from 1939 to 1940, old walls were found under the floor of the church. Wilhelm Bartelt dated a sandstone fighter found on the Zixenberg near Niederschopfheim to the Carolingian era and assigned it on a trial basis to a previous church; but according to a more recent view it comes from the 12th century and from a castle on the Zixenberg . In the first half of the 18th century, the previous church was damaged and too small. On August 6, 1754, a contract was signed with the builder and carpenter Franz Rudhart (1708–1765), who came from the hamlet in the Allgäu and lived in Kenzingen , who previously had the parish church of St. Martin in Riegel am - which was largely destroyed by a fire in 1936 Kaiserstuhl and the parish church of St. Alexius in Herbolzheim . Heinrich Dorschel († 1772) was the pastor. The main financial burden fell on the community, but the local rule of Frankenstein, Pastor Dorschel, the Pastor of Hofweier and Dorschel's predecessor Franz Josef Lindenmeyer († 1751) contributed to the construction. The Frankensteiners donated almost half of the stones from the ruins of their Upper Castle in Hofweier. The foundation stone was laid on August 22, 1754. On May 2, 1756, a contract for the ceiling paintings was signed with the Freiburg painter Johann Pfunner . On June 26th, 1756 Pastor Dorschel was able to “gladly report that the choir and nave as far as Jakobi are under one roof”. On December 21st, the new church could be used, initially with the old furniture. Rudhart's new high altar was erected in 1757, followed by his side altars in 1758, all of them without frames and without figures. It was not until 1793, under Dorschel's successor Franz Anton Siebert († 1813, pastor in Niederschopfheim from 1772 until his death), that St. Brigitta was solemnly consecrated . The altar of the previous church, a wood-carved coronation of Mary , came via a née Margravine Maria Viktoria Pauline von Baden. Chapel donated by Arenberg in Waldprechtsweier to the parish church of St. Michael there .

From 1908 to 1909 the interior was restored, from 1925 to 1926 the exterior, from 1939 to 1940 and most recently from 1971 to 1974 the interior again, and in 1977 the exterior facade. In the 1971–1974 campaign, Pfunner's large ceiling paintings and his stucco painting ( painting that imitates plastic stucco ), as well as the original setting of the altars, were found largely intact and recoverable by uncovering and sparingly adding.

Main portal with sculpture of the church patroness

building

The church, "the determining point-de-vue in the townscape", stands on the western edge of a hill that is caught by a retaining wall. The west-east main street leads straight to the facade, which can be reached via a high staircase. In the middle is the tower, 45 m high up to the top of the cross. An oak statue of St. Brigitta stands in a niche above the main entrance, and a window above it. Half-gables swing over a cornice on both sides, covering the west end of the church roof, to the second floor of the tower, the windows of which are reminiscent of Johann Caspar Bagnato's window of St. Remigius in Merdingen . Above another cornice is the bell-shaped storey, the corners of which are bevelled and emphasized by pilaster strips, and above it a graceful, windowed French dome .

The hall church has five window axes, between which pilasters structure the walls and above which stitch caps cut into the flat ceiling. The eastern corners are rounded, again reminiscent of St. Remigius Merdingen. A basket arched triumphal arch leads into the semicircular closed choir.

Furnishing

  • Inside to the east

  • Inside to the west

  • Choir

"Festive overall effect of the uniformly designed interior," is the verdict of the Dehio manual . The basic tone of the color is the red of the sandstone floor. The reddish marbled pilasters continue it. Further up, Pfunner's stucco painting unfolds “in twisted rocaille shapes ” - window frames, frames of the paintings, like in the ship so in the choir. The large ceiling picture in the choir, first painted by Pfunner as a test piece, shows the birth of Jesus with the adoration of the shepherds, next to it in cartouches on the left Anna with her daughter Maria, who thrusts a lance into a dragon's breast, on the right the prophet Isaiah , who Prophesied arrival of the Messiah ( Isa 11.1  EU ). The eastern ceiling painting in the ship shows the resurrection of Jesus Christ , the next, greatest, signed “Joh. Pfunner fecit 1756 “, his ascension , the western the Whitsun miracle . Next to the image of the resurrection appear in cartouches on the left, above the Marian altar, the Archangel Michael , on the right, above the Sebastian altar, the Archangel Gabriel , as he, as a guardian angel, saves a child from falling into an abyss. The eight cartouche pictures further west above the pilasters show the four evangelists and the four Latin doctors of the church .

  • Ceiling pictures

  • Jesus birth

  • resurrection

  • Ascension

  • Pentecost

Altars

  • High altar

  • overall view

  • tabernacle

  • Brigitta as a nun

  • Peter

  • Paul

Rudhart's high altar, "of the highest quality, <...> a highly complicated system of free-standing, room-enclosing elements, the upper structure of which is blurred in the light of the oval window at the back," adds to the view from the ship to form a unit. Except for the altar stone and the lowest parts of the four pillars, it is made of wood. From the end plates of the red, blue and gray marbled columns rise volute braces, on which little angels balance and carry a ciborium . The tabernacle door was made by the Freiburg sculptor Wilhelm Amann (1884–1961) during the restoration in 1939/40 . Reliquaries are placed to the left and right of the tabernacle . Pfunner's altarpiece shows Brigitta as a nun, holding a basket filled with bread and fruit to the angels, a sign of her charity. She looks up to Mary, who is kneeling on a cloud in front of the Trinity . To the side of the high altar are Simon Peter and Paul of Tarsus in the original white.

  • Side altars

  • Mary Altar

  • Sebastian Altar

Rudhart's side altars are adapted to the high altar. On the left, St. Mary's altar, stands a Maria Immaculata on a green globe , as she crushes the head of the snake according to the Genesis ( Gen 3,14-15  EU ). The child in her arm stabs the snake with a lance shaped like a cross. St. Joseph is depicted in Pfunner's upper picture . To the right and left of Mary are two small angels, two large angels on the volute clasps above. The big angel on the right points to Joseph and Mary with his hands. The left looks at Michael in the cartridge about points with the left hand to the Immaculata, thus providing a connection between her and the eschatological conqueror of "the great dragon" her ( Rev 12,7-9  EU ). Above the Immaculata, the coats of arms reveal the donors of the altar, Baron Karl Friedrich von Frankenstein (1716–1755) and his mother Maria Margarethe von Bettendorf (1687–1760).

On the right side altar, Sebastian altar , pierced by arrows martyrs stands. The upper picture shows St. John Nepomuk . As on the left altar, two small angels sit next to the central figure and two large angels on top of the volute braces, whose gestures correspond with Sebastian, Nepomuk and the Archangel Gabriel in the cartouche above.

Pietà
Baptismal font

Others

Rudhart's pulpit, blue-gray-red like the altars, forms an aesthetic unit with the pilaster behind. Under the sound cover, the dove of the Holy Spirit is shown in a golden halo . Jesus is written on the cover as a good shepherd .

In a niche in the pilaster opposite the pulpit is a Pietà from the 16th or 17th century.

The sandstone basin of the baptismal font next to the Marien Altar dates from 1616. The figure of John the Baptist on the wooden lid was stolen in 1981 and re-carved after a photograph.

The choir stalls from 1768 are now on the west wall. Two of the original three confessionals from 1769 have been preserved. Wilhelm Amann carved Rococo reliefs for them, which now hang on the west wall by the former choir stalls.

Right and left of the choir are sideboards of 1820. The choir is also divided into two parts, the communion rail with an inscription deciphered the Bartelt:

D: H: M
L: D: M
A: M: J: M
LINDEN
MEYER
V: S: E:
C: M: C:
APPZE
LLIN
ANNO
1763

dedit hoc monumentum
laudi Dei maximi
ad memoriam Johannis Michaelis
Linden-
meyer
venerabilis sua egregia
conjux Maria Clara
appellata
Zellin
Anno
1763

"This monument was placed in honor of the Most High God in memory of Johann Michael Lindenmeyer his venerable wife Maria Clara Zell in 1763."

The organ was built by Franz Ignaz Seuffert and Johann Ferdinand Balthasar Stieffell from 1760 onwards . Stieffell's "four sons continued the work of their father in his spirit, so that Stiefell's organs in Baden had almost the same fame as the Silbermanns ". The instrument in Niederschopfheim was last looked after by Claudius Winterhalter .

There are none of the original bells left. Today's ringing of five bells was made in 1961 by the Schilling bell foundry .

meaning

Pastor Dorschel already judged in 1755 that St. Brigitta would be "indisputably one of the most beautiful country churches". For the Freiburg art historian and monument curator Wolfgang E. Stopfel , " three-dimensional furnishings and painting by the architect Rudhart and the painter Pfunner are combined in a rare perfection". The Merdingen teacher and art historian Hermann Brommer writes almost word for word . He says that anyone who has seen the churches in Riegel and Herbolzheim will immediately recognize Rudhart's manner in Niederschopfheim. Although the nature of the relationship with Bagnato is uncertain, Brommer agrees with Stopfel's following passage: Rudhart's three churches in Riegel, Herbolzheim and Niederschopfheim were similar “in the distinctive design of the entrance front. The basic idea, organic union of the facade and the half-retracted front tower with a Welscher hood, is varied in the three examples. The starting point for Rudhart's facades was certainly that of the church in Merdingen <...>. The elements of Rudhart's facades are all there; Rudhart goes beyond Merdingen in the smoothing and rounding of the components that are still tectonically placed one on top of the other and next to one another in Merdingen ”. According to Brommer, the bizarre window shapes on the tower, the transition from the hall with corner hollows and sloping side altars to the spacious choir are further arguments for a relationship with Bagnato.

literature

  • Wilhelm Bartelt: Local history of Niederschopfheim. Herder publishing house, Freiburg im Breisgau 1964.
  • Hermann Brommer: Franz Rudhart (1708–1765). In: Jürgen Treffeisen, Reinhold Hämmerle, Gerhard A. Auer: The history of the city of Kenzingen . Volume 2: People, City, Environment. City of Kenzingen 1999, ISBN 3-9806437-1-9 , pp. 421-429.
  • Otto Kähni: The history of the village of Niederschopfheim and the Gutleutkirche of Oberschopfheim. In: Die Ortenau Heft 18, 1931, pp. 129–148 ( digitized version ).
  • Dieter Kaus: The medieval parish organization in the Ortenau. Konkordia AG publishing house, Bühl / Baden 1970, pp. 217-218.
  • Niederschopfheim. In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI. Freiburg administrative district. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 , p. 397 ( digitized at Landeskunde discover Baden-Württemberg online ).
  • Hermann Löffler: The Church of St. Brigitta in Niederschopfheim. Hohberg-Niederschopfheim 2003.
  • Wolfgang E. Stopfel : The churches of the community Hohberg. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich, Zurich 1981.
  • Max Wingenroth : The art monuments of the Offenburg district (= The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden, vol. 7). Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1908, pp. 38-40 ( digitized version ).
  • Dagmar Zimdars u. a. (Ed.): Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler (Dehio-Handbuch) Baden-Württemberg II . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 486.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Hans Göppert: Interwoven with Niederschopfheim. In: Baden online digitized. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  2. ↑ Discover regional studies online Baden-Württemberg: Oberschopfheim. Digitized. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  3. ↑ Discover regional studies online Baden-Württemberg: Honau. ( Digitized ) and AM Burg: Honau Monastery. A historical overview. In: The Ortenau. Volume 58, 1978, pp. 202-214. Digitized. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  4. ↑ Pastoral care unit Lauf-Sasbachtal : St. Brigitta Sasbach . Digitized. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  5. ↑ Bartelt 1964, p. 99.
  6. ↑ Bartelt 1964, p. 130.
  7. ↑ Bartelt 1964, pp. 129-130.
  8. ^ Hans Harter: The Zähringerministeriale “von Schopfheim” in the Ortenau - a contribution to the “Offenburg problem”. In: The Ortenau. Volume 74, 1994, pp. 229-272, here p. 238 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ Brommer 1999.
  10. ↑ July 25th.
  11. ↑ a b Bartelt 1964, p. 136.
  12. ↑ Bartelt 1964, p. 138.
  13. ↑ Bartelt 1964, p. 195 and Löffler 2003, p. 134.
  14. ↑ Stopfel 1981, p. 16.
  15. ↑ a b Zimdars 1997.
  16. ↑ Löffler 2003, p. 88.
  17. ↑ a b Stopfel 1981, p. 18.
  18. ↑ Stopfel 1981, p. 22.
  19. ↑ Löffler 2003, p. 2.
  20. ↑ a b The Dehio-Handbuch assigns Peter and Paulus at the high altar to Johann Michael Winterhalder and is silent about the other sculptures. According to Bartelt, the artists are not evident from the files. “In terms of style, they could have come from the workshop of Peter Schwab von Gengenbach ” - what is meant is Peter Schwab (1729–1791) from Dettingen (Horb) . Hermann Brommer: The organ of the former Gengenbach abbey church in the Augustinian Museum in Freiburg. In: Schau-ins-Land. Volume 68, 1968, pp. 77-102, here p. 95. Digitalisat. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  21. ↑ Bartelt 1964, p. 143.
  22. ↑ Bartelt 1964, p. 144.
  23. ↑ Brommer 1999, p. 427.
  24. ↑ Stopfel 1981, p. 28.

Web links

Commons : St. Brigitta (Hohberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 24 '46.6 "  N , 7 ° 53' 44.5"  E