Johann Pfunner

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Johann Pfunner (* between 1713 and 1716 in Schwaz in Tyrol ; † May 24, 1788 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was an Austro-German painter of the Rococo and early classicism . He worked mainly in the Black Forest, Breisgau, Ortenau and Alsace.

The Three Kings in All Saints' Day (Vöhrenbach-Urach) . Sculptures by Matthias Faller , paintings by Johann Pfunner.

Life

After his apprenticeship in Schwaz, he spent his journeyman time in Strasbourg from 1736 . He then worked in several churches in the Black Forest and in Breisgau in order to be naturalized in Freiburg in 1749, where he became a member of the painters' guild "zum Giesen". He probably had relatives from Schwaz in Freiburg, such as Franz Friedrich Pfunner (born March 20, 1718 in Freiburg im Breisgau, † February 24, 1781 in Offenburg ), who was also a painter, but did not achieve the importance of Johann. In 1765 Johann Pfunner married Maria Anna Willin from Freiburg and in 1766 he bought the house "Zum Hinteren und Vorderen Pelikan" in the "Grossen Gasse". In 1787 he asked the city council to authorize him to serve coffee and beer in his house, "since, being old and blind in one eye, he could no longer earn anything through his art". After his death, the widow and their son Johann Evangelista, who called himself a “ barrel painter ”, had to sell the house.

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His life and work was first researched by Hermann Ginter , then especially by Hermann Brommer .

Hermann Brommer calls Pfunner the busiest baroque painter in Freiburg. The most detailed list of his works so far comes from him. In the 1997 Dehio manual for the administrative districts of Freiburg and Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg , works by him are mentioned 25 times, works by Benedikt Gambs of the same age 6 times for comparison and 12 times by the somewhat younger Simon Göser . These include in chronological order, taking into account the works that are treated in more detail in the literature than by simply naming them:

Saint Cecilia in the Adelhauser Church.
  • 1742 Side altar sheet of Maria immaculata on the globe, surrounded by angels, in the parish church of St. Columba in Pfaffenweiler south of Freiburg, as well as altar sheet with Saints Barbara of Nicomedia and Rosalia in the chapel consecrated to them in the district of Öhlinsweiler, created at a time when Pfunner "did not yet have the quality of his work of the 50s and 60s".
  • 1748 Altarpiece of St. Nicholas of Myra , signed "Johann Pfunner pinx. 1748", in the St. Leonhard Chapel in Hüfingen .
  • 1749 Oil painting of Saint Cecilia of Rome on the back of the organ prospect of the Adelhauser Church in Freiburg, one of the first works made in the city, signed “Joh. Pfunner 1749 ". Cecilia in a blue coat is playing a small organ. Behind her, an angel in a beige-ocher-colored robe is holding a rolled-up piece of paper in his right hand and pointing with the left to the organ music stand.
  • 1750 Saint Trudpert in the high altar of the " Berghauser Chapel St. Trudpert" belonging to the parish of St. Gallus and Otmar in Ehaben im Breisgau .
  • 1752 altarpiece of the Archangel Michael in hell fall and five landscape paintings on the parapet of the organ loft in the church of St. Michael in Appenweier .
  • 1752 ceiling fresco in the staircase of the castle Ebnet in Freiburg's Ebnet with personifications of the four continents Europe, Asia, Africa and America.
  • 1752 Choir ceiling fresco of the Assumption of Mary and St. Genesius of Rome in the parish church of St. Genesius in Riedböhringen, a district of Blumberg on the southern edge of the Black Forest.
  • From 1753 to 1754 the parish church of St. Alexius in Herbolzheim in the district of Emmendingen was decorated with pictures . This includes a “ Holy Trinity ” in the choir ; therefore six lunette images ; in front of the choir arch the patron of the church, St. Alexius von Edessa , with a picture of his Herbolzheim church; in the middle of the nave, a supplication by Saint Mary, Dominic and Francis of Assisi to Christ, who appears regal on clouds, ready to hurl three lances (plague, famine, war) on the earth; above the organ Alexius, the angel carry up to heaven on a cloud; therefore ten lunette pictures; and - only ascribed - the high altar painting of the dying Alexius. “The Freiburg rococo master handled the first major order in Breisgau with flying colors. His paintings tear open the church ceiling towards the sky and, with their visionary look and ecstatic intensification, try to draw the viewer into the holy events. ”Pfunner also said that the ceiling painting in the choir of the Herbolzheim pilgrimage church“ Maria im Sand ”with the founding legend came from Pfunner.
  • 1754 to 1755 "effective accentuation of the architecture" of the parish church St. Brigitta in Niederschopfheim, a district of the municipality of Hohberg in the Ortenaukreis . The four main pictures show the birth of Jesus, his resurrection, his ascension and the miracle of Pentecost.
  • 1757 Apse fresco - only ascribed to Pfunner - from St. Wendelin in Bottenau , a district of Oberkirch in the Ortenau district. On the left you can see Wendelin tending his sheep, on the right a peasant couple who adores him. “A red cloth with golden braids and tassels, which is stretched like a canopy by putti, combines the two halves of the picture very skilfully, giving space in the middle to a group of angels, which inful and staff show like crown and scepter, the emblems of St. Wendel's princely origin and his later position as abbot. ”The ceiling painting depicts the Holy Trinity.
  • 1757 Ceiling paintings of the Ohmen Chapel near St. Märgen , including Michael in the middle of the Angel Fall.
Raising of Lazarus in the Freiburg Michaelskapelle
  • 1760 nine signed oil paintings, three large and six oval or round smaller ones, for the ceiling of the St. Michael's Chapel in the Old Cemetery in Freiburg im Breisgau. One of the three large pictures shows the raising of the young man from Naïn according to the Gospel of Luke ( Luke 7  EU ). In the “Raising of Lazarus ” according to the Gospel of John ( Jn 11.1-17  EU ) “from the open grave ... the bony figure of Lazarus rises, with formal greed taking the word of power from Jesus' mouth that calls him to new life. Majesty and mildness one happily in Christ's figure, who accompanies his 'Lazare veni' - 'Come, Lazarus' with a majestic gesture. Helping hands are close to what has been awakened, others appear discreetly in a dim distance and allow the main group to come to the fore all the more prominently. The painting is one of the most effective of the Pfunner brush ”. In the third large picture, Jesus does not rise from a simple rock grave, but from a pompous mausoleum.
  • 1761 eight ceiling paintings with the legend of St. Catherine of Alexandria in the former St. Katharina's castle chapel, now the Protestant church, in Mahlberg in the Ortenau district.
  • 1763 to 1764 painted decoration of the parish church St. Gallus in Hofweier , part of the municipality Hohberg. The large central picture, the handover of the keys to Peter, is one of Pfunner's best works. Also eight pictures of the Lord's Prayer .
  • 1765 Ceiling paintings of the Protestant church in Meißenheim in the Ortenau district, including a colorful "Ascension of Christ".
  • 1767 High altar sheet with the “Glorification of the Cross of Christ” in the Holy Cross Church in Horb am Neckar . The picture is signed "Johann Pfunner invenit et pinxit 1767".
  • 1767 High altar picture with the coat division of Saint Martin of Tours in the church of St. Martin in the Freiburg district of Hochdorf .
  • 1772 and again from 1778 to 1779 work in the parish church of St. Bartholomäus in Ettenheim . In 1772 the high altar painting, rich in figures, with the martyrdom of the apostle Bartholomäus was created . The saint sits half-naked on a stone block. The arms are tied up over the head. Two torturers pull the skin off his upper arms. The Ettenheim doctor and chronicler Joann Conrad Machleid (1708–1794) wrote: “17 large figures, without any in that perspective is painted with heads. Eß represents the martyrs of the holy, first universal church patron, Bartholome. Eß is artfully made beautifully in the anatomy, still beautiful in the position of the figures and posture /: also properly painted in shadows and light; Eß Costs only 180 Reichsgulden from the common bezalt. "1778 to 1779 followed the" 'Heilig-Grab-Theatrum', a splendid, the entire choir room filling painted architectural scenery with scenes of the Passion and alternating pictures to the cartages . "It should be the suffering of Jesus visualize like a passion play . If Pfunner's pictures are placed on a wooden frame, they cover the high altar. The early classicism is striking. “Braid garlands, rose arrangements in cube-shaped baskets placed on goblet-like feet and the lack of rocailles jewelry make it clear how much the Freiburg rococo painter paid tribute to the changing conception of art of his time.” But be in the festive colors, the pathetic gestures of the angels and the faces with slightly bulging eyes, the basic rococo atmosphere remained.
  • 1773 signed side altarpiece of the Fourteen Holy Helpers in the parish church of St. Petronilla in Kiechlinsbergen, a district of Endingen am Kaiserstuhl .
  • From 1775 to 1777 the parish church of St. Peter in Endingen was the last major commission . Most of the pictures relate to the church patron. The four large ceiling images of Peter rich fishing by Luke 5.5-6  EU , with Pfunners signature and the year 1775, the election of the Apostle Matthias by Acts 1.23 to 26  EU , the calling of Peter to the centurion Cornelius to Acts 10 , 17-20  EU and the healing of the lame-born according to Acts 3,1-3  EU . There are also numerous lunette images. The high altar picture, signed “Joh. Pfunner inv. 1777 “shows the handing over of the keys to Peter according to Mt 16,19  EU and his crucifixion. The high altar structure and the side altars were made by the sculptor Joseph Amann .
  • 1776 Altar leaves by St. Gallus in Heimbach , a district of Teningen near Emmendingen. The high altar sheet of St. Gall is signed “Joh. Pfunner inv. 1776 ".
  • 1777 Altar leaves and choir ceiling picture in the parish church of St. Blasius as well as ceiling frescoes in the rectory of Wyhl am Kaiserstuhl . The main picture of the high altar shows the Holy Family, the left side altar Saint Blaise von Sebaste , the right side altar Saint Barbara. The three themes are combined in the choir ceiling picture.
  • 1785 high altar picture of the parish church of St. Pankratius and St. Appolinaris in Holzhausen, a district of March (Breisgau) . It shows a Maria immaculata with the two cartridges Pankratius and Apollinaris of Ravenna .
  • 1785 three large pictures in the parish church of St. Gallus and Otmar in Eringen , originally changing pictures for the high altar, now on the walls of the nave: a mercy seat , a Maria immaculata and a holy family. "It is certainly works by the Freiburg painter Johann Pfunner, probably created around 1785 as old works in the bright colors of classicism, which clearly show the maturity of the busy man."

Appreciation

According to Brommer, Pfunner's work impresses with its abundance and quality. In addition to his never completely compiled works in Germany, there are those in Alsace. He was a typical Rococo master, with a nervous temperament, and "a shining star among the Tyrolean artists in Freiburg". However, the scope of his work “does not always have a positive effect on the quality of his work”.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Pfunner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Friedrich Pfunner in: Discovering regional studies online Baden-Württemberg (LEO-BW). ( leo-bw.de ).
  2. ↑ Today Kaiser-Joseph-Straße 224, corner of Bertholdstraße, Heinz Siebold: The steadfast pelican. In: Badische Zeitung of July 16, 2008 ( badische-zeitung.de ).
  3. ^ A b Hermann Brommer: Benedikt Gambs and Johann Pfunner. Two important baroque painters in Ebnet Castle. In: Freiherrlich Gayling von Altheim'sches Gesamtarchiv Schloß Ebnet (Ed.): Barockschloss Ebnet. Schnell and Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-7954-0468-1 , pp. 104–110.
  4. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (Ed.): Georg Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments - Baden-Württemberg II. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 15.
  5. ^ Franz Kern: The Giersberg. The Marian shrine in the Dreisamtal. Schillinger-Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 1989.
  6. ^ A b Manfred Hermann : Parish Church of St. Columba Pfaffenweiler. Schnell and Steiner publishing house, Munich and Zurich 1983.
  7. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (Ed.): Georg Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments - Baden-Württemberg II. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , pp. 319-320; Here it is wrongly said that the altarpiece depicts Saint Leonard of Limoges .
  8. ^ Sebastian Bock and Lothar A. Böhler (Eds.): Inventory catalogs of the secular local foundations of the city of Freiburg i. Br. Volume IV. The paintings from the late Middle Ages - early 20th century . General Foundation Administration Freiburg i.Br. 1997, ISBN 3-356-00849-8 , pp. 86-87.
  9. ^ A b Manfred Hermann: Catholic parish church St. Gallus and Otmar Eringen / Breisgau. Schnell and Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1987.
  10. ^ Hugo Schnell: St. Michael Appenweier. 2nd Edition. Schnell and Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1973.
  11. ^ Hermann Brommer: Catholic parish church St. Alexius Herbolzheim i. Br. 2nd edition. Schnell and Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1984.
  12. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (Ed.): Georg Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments - Baden-Württemberg II. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 486.
  13. ↑ Pictures on the website of the pastoral care unit Hohberg.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.kath-hohberg.de  
  14. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (Ed.): Georg Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments - Baden-Württemberg II. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 114.
  15. ↑ Ginter 1930, p. 110.
  16. ↑ Apse of the chapel on the Adephagia website. ( Memento of the original from October 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.adephagia.de
  17. ^ Manfred Hermann: Catholic parish and pilgrimage church of the Assumption of Mary, St. Märgen in the Black Forest. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2003, ISBN 3-89870-135-2 .
  18. ↑ Ginter 1930, p. 111.
  19. ^ The church on the website of the Protestant regional church in Baden.
  20. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (Ed.): Georg Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments - Baden-Württemberg II. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 309.
  21. ↑ Dieter Manz: The collegiate church Heilig Kreuz in Horb am Neckar here p. 17. (PDF; 5.7 MB).
  22. ↑ Pictures on the website of the pastoral care unit Freiburg Northwest.
  23. ↑ Pictures on the website of the city of Ettenheim.
  24. ↑ Heinfried Wischermann: On the program of the ceiling paintings and the altars of the Ettenheim parish church. In: Dieter Weis (ed.): St. Bartholomäus Ettenheim. Schnell and Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1982, ISBN 3-7954-0906-3 , pp. 80-100.
  25. ^ A b Hermann Brommer: Baroque in Ettenheim: The 'Holy Grave' of the parish church. In: The Ortenau. 61, 1981, pp. 103-117.
  26. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (Ed.): Georg Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments - Baden-Württemberg II. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 184.
  27. ^ The church on the website of the pastoral care unit Emmendingen-Teningen.
  28. ↑ Michael Lerchenmüller: A walk through the church. On the website of the pastoral care unit March. ( Memento of the original from September 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kath-kirche-march.de
  29. ↑ St. Gallus and Otmar on the website of the pastoral care unit Batzenberg-Schönberg.
  30. ↑ Brommer 1999, p. 841.
personal data
SURNAME Pfunner, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-German painter
DATE OF BIRTH between 1713 and 1716
PLACE OF BIRTH black
DATE OF DEATH May 24, 1788
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau