Adelhauser Church of the Annunciation and St. Katharina

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From the west with the approach of the west wing of the monastery

The Adelhauser Church of the Annunciation and St. Katharina is a Roman Catholic church in the Altstadt-Ring district of Freiburg im Breisgau . It was originally the church of the Dominican convent in Adelhausen and is now a branch church of the Freiburg cathedral parish.

Monastery history

The history of the church is that of the Adelhausen Monastery . Until 1786 the five medieval Dominican convents of Friborg were merged into it, namely:

  • the monastery of the Annunciation , founded in 1234 in the old village of Adelhausen in today's Wiehre district ;
  • the Maria Magdalena Monastery or Monastery of the Reuerinnen, founded before 1250 in the Preacher suburb;
  • St. Agnes Monastery , founded in 1264 in the Lehener Vorstadt;
  • the monastery of St. Katharina (of Alexandria) , founded in 1297 in the old village of Wiehre, like Adelhausen in today's district of Wiehre; and
  • the monastery of St. Katharina von Siena or St. Catharina von Senis auf dem Graben , founded in 1419 like the monastery Maria Magdalena in the preacher's suburb.

Until 1687 the Annunciation , Maria Magdalena , St. Agnes and St. Katharina (of Alexandria) united in a convent "ad Annuntiationem BMV et S. Catharina VM", for the Annunciation of Mary, the Virgin and Mother of God, and St. Catharina , later simply called Adelhausen Monastery or Adelhauser Neukloster . The existing monastery building was built for him from 1687 in the Schneckenvorstadt or Oberen Gerberau , in what is now the Altstadt-Ring district .

There were now two Dominican convents in Freiburg, St. Catherine of Siena and the new monastery . They got off lightly when Emperor Joseph II closed the monastery in the course of Josephinism . In 1786, the Austrian government incorporated St. Catherine of Siena into the new monastery and at the same time obliged the new monastery to run a girls' school.

Thanks to the recognized school operation, the community also survived the wave of secularization from 1802 to 1811. In 1811, however, it was subjected to the regulation for the Catholic female teaching and educational institutes of the Grand Duchy of Baden , with interventions in monastic life. The end came with the Badischer Kulturkampf . On November 15, 1867, the nuns, now teaching wives, were announced the dissolution of the monastery community. The assets of the monastery were transferred to a foundation that has been called "Adelhausen Foundation Freiburg i.Br." since 1978.

In the residential area of ​​the monastery, classrooms had been housed next to the nuns' cells since the end of the 18th century. Museum and administration rooms were later replaced by them. After the renovation and expansion of the Freiburg Foundation Administration, the convent buildings now serve as the administrative headquarters. Only the church still serves the original purpose.

  • Church from the southwest around 1870

  • The Church 2011

  • Inside, towards the choir

  • Inside, towards the entrance

Building history

Freiburg was French when the existing monastery complex was built from 1687. King Louis XIV supported the construction with a considerable sum. The leading architect was the French fortress builder Jean La Douze, about whom little is known. French soldiers helped. In 1693 the vault of the church partially collapsed and the master mason Jacob Martin died in an accident. On May 13, 1699 - Freiburg was once again part of the Habsburg family after the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 - the church and three - probably provisional - altars were consecrated by Konrad Ferdinand Geist von Wildegg's auxiliary bishop of Constance .

In 1702 a new high altar was completed, initially without a frame . In 1709 the ceiling threatened to collapse again, and one of the side walls had to be replaced. In 1730 the high altar was painted in color, in 1731 new side altars were erected. In 1744, during the siege by French troops in the War of the Austrian Succession , the monastery was destroyed “by 97 bombs and the like. Headquarters also more then 300th balls hit ”. 1929–1931 the church was restored and in 1930 Welte & Sons installed a new organ in the historical prospectus . The most recent restoration took place in 2012–2013.

building

The church is located in the south wing of the monastery area. To simplify matters, its architecture follows the Jesuit church that was started shortly before in 1683 and is now the university church . The west facade, like the entire exterior, originally white, today red, looks onto Adelhauser Klosterplatz. Between the Tuscan corner pilasters and pilaster strips , there are statue niches with wooden sculptures of the Angel of the Annunciation on the left and Mary on the right, reminiscent of the oldest monastery. Above the door with its barred skylight and triangular roof, a basket-arched window gives light to the nuns' and organ lofts. The triangular gable above is almost unadorned. Perhaps it was restored to save costs when the ceiling was rebuilt in 1710. Tuscan pilasters also divide the southern and northern long walls, the southern with segmented arched windows highlighted by frames. The pilasters support a gable roof over a concave cornice that curves over to the west facade.

On the choir roof rides an onion tower that contains two valuable historical bronze bells: a baroque bell made by the founder Sebastian Bayer from Freiburg with a diameter of 60 cm, which is tuned to e "-2, and a contemporary of the Hosanna bell from the cathedral ; it was cast by an unknown master around 1300, has a diameter of 54 cm and is tuned to g "+4.

The nave is a hall with three pillars on each side and a needle cap barrel . In the west, a nuns and organ gallery is set on four pillars over two yokes of the nave. To the east is the strongly recessed choir, also barrel-vaulted with stitch caps. Two doors now walled up on the east wall of the choir and two windows above originally led to a prayer house for the nuns, which was replaced by a gymnasium in 1870. The nuns could also see from a room on the upper floor of the south wing of the monastery area through two barred windows into the choir.

Furnishing

The six south-facing windows give the uniformly white room, protected by a neo-baroque barrier grille under the gallery, plenty of light.

Altars

The carpenter Christoph Schaal († 1727) constructed the tabernacle of the high altar as a rotating tabernacle so that the monstrance could be shown to the visitors in the nave and to the nuns in the prayer house. The high altar picture, again an Annunciation to Mary, poorly preserved, painted and signed by Adrien Richard (1662–1748), who came from France. The sculptures on the high altar were made in 1702 by Hans Melchior Wüest, who came from Switzerland, with his sons. The father had a fatal accident by falling from the scaffolding.

  • The high altar and its iconography

  • Catherine of Alexandria

  • Dominic

  • Annunciation to Mary

  • Catherine of Siena

  • Agnes

  • Mary Magdalene

  • Marriage of Mary and Joseph

  • Choir with high altar

Between twisted, vine-covered double columns, the sculptors placed the order's founder Dominikus on the left with a lily in his right hand, on the right Catherine of Siena, the most famous saint of the Dominican Sisters, with a lily in her left hand. On the segmented gables above the double columns stands Catherine of Alexandria with sword and broken spiked wheel on the left, Agnes with her lamb on the right. The altar is crowned by an extract on which Mary Magdalene is kneeling. In the high altar, the founder of the order and the patrons or eponymous salvation events of all five monasteries that have risen in the new monastery in Adelhausen are gathered . Presumably to symbolize the success of this union, the nuns had the marriage of Mary and Joseph depicted in front of the high priest Zacharias in the altar extract . "(Wüest's) carvings and sculptures are not among the extraordinary works of art of the Baroque era, but they leave a neat overall impression in the safe, skilful forms of the altar structure."

The two side altars, created in 1731, have been adapted to the high altar in terms of structure and color. The pictures were painted and signed by Franz Bernhard Altenburger († 1736 in Freiburg). The left main picture, "painted in delightful colors", shows the martyrdom of St. Catherine of Alexandria, the upper picture shows the Dominican saint Thomas Aquinas . The right main picture shows the "Miracle of Soriano ", in which the Madonna with Catherine of Alexandria and Maria Magdalena held a kneeling Dominican image of Dominic in front of the eyes; the right upper picture shows the Dominican saint Peter of Verona . On the left side altar, on a chest reliquary with two textile-wrapped, pillow-backed human skulls, the bust of a holy virgin, which cannot be identified by name, is carved in full round shape, often interpreted as a reliquary . It dates from the beginning of the 14th century. On the right side altar is a pietà made up of several parts, which in 1529 fled from the Dominican convent Steinen in Basel before the iconoclasm in Basel to the Friborg convent of St. Agnes.

Further equipment

On the north wall of the nave hangs a Christ on the cross , carved from wood in the late 14th century. The body is emaciated, its suffering is stressed to the extreme. The arm position suggests that it was attached to a fork cross . The crucifix comes from the high altar of the monastery of St. Catherine of Siena on the moat , where it was revered as miraculous. When it was united with the new monastery on “11. Sept. 1786 the Heil. The cross was transferred from the Graben monastery to our church, accompanied by the whole convent of the Most Honorable Dominicans ”. The solemn transfer was supposed to make the association forget the confusion. The crucifix was initially placed on a specially created Holy Cross altar under the choir arch; the rood screen under the choir arch was broken off for this. When the altar was removed in 1930, the crucifix came to its present location. Below him is a Pietà carved from linden wood around 1510 .

  • More picture quotations from the history of the monastery

  • Crucifix on the north wall of the nave

  • Left side altar: Martyrdom of Catherine of Alexandria

  • Right side altar: Miracles of Soriano

  • Catherine on the south wall of the nave

  • Bertha joins the Dominican order

  • Monstrance in the rotating tabernacle

  • Essay of the Monstrance

  • Cecilia at the organ

On the south wall of the nave there is an almost life-size sandstone figure of Catherine of Alexandria on a hexagonal column with tracery decoration and a hexagonal base. She is dressed in a long, tubular pleated undergarment and a cloak tied in front of her breast with a fibula. She carries a palm in her right hand, a wheel in her left hand, and a crown of leaves on her hair. It is closely related to the Katharina of the Freiburg cathedral tower and the Madonna of St. Ulrich in the Black Forest , "noble Gothic", and was perhaps created around 1300 by the Freiburg cathedral builder for the monastery of St. Katharina (of Alexandria).

On the south wall of the choir, two paintings from St. Agnes from the 1st third of the 17th century, closed at the top, tell of the history of this monastery. One shows an altar consecration, the other shows the foundress Bertha joining the Dominican order. A bishop standing in front of an altar lays his hands on Bertha. On the middle of three whitish tablets on the lower edge it says “1264 Müetter Berchta emfach den Preacher Order”.

The church treasure includes a ray monstrance made in Augsburg in 1760, made of gold-plated silver with glass and semi-precious stones, richly adorned with leaves, grapes and ears of wheat. To the left of the window of the Host Dominic with the dog and the burning torch, to the right Catherine of Siena.

The pulpit dates from 1700, the "lively but not particularly high-quality" figures are thirty years younger: the four evangelists and a Christ as Redeemer with the globe in hand on the basket, Christ as Good Shepherd on the bell.

The past of the church can be read from numerous other works. Overall, its furnishings have been well preserved since the monastery was closed. The Augustinian museum passes, for example, in 1880 a winged retable of about 1450, the east stand of the choir in the prayer house, and after 1970 a the Hans Wydyz attributed Woman of the Apocalypse with Christ child, stood on the left side altar.

Organ of the Adelhauserkirche in the historical prospect

organ

The rich decoration of the prospectus of the organ, which was renovated by Johann Georg Fischer after it was destroyed in 1744 , was probably created by the Freiburg sculptor Franz Xaver Anton Hauser (1712–1772). On the back, which can only be seen by the nuns, the Freiburg painter Johann Pfunner (1716–1788), commissioned by the prioress Maria Caecilia Tschortschin, painted a Saint Cecilia playing the organ . In 1930 an organ by M. Welte & Söhne with 16 stops on two manuals and pedal was installed in the baroque prospectus . In the winter of 2016/2017, the Adelhausen Foundation had the organ restored for 95,000 euros by the Orgelwerkstatt Waldkircher Orgelbau Jäger & Brommer . In May 2017 it was consecrated again and put back into operation in a first concert.

Appreciation

The goose man's fountain

Alongside St. Ursula, the Adelhauser Church is the only Freiburg monastery church built before 1800 that survived the Second World War without significant damage and today essentially shows its original image. A special feature is the rich documentation of the story through multiple pictures of the order's founder, the Annunciation to Mary and the namesake. The church is a "treasure trove of the Baroque era and a historical site of particular importance".

church Square

Today (2011) four horse chestnuts grow on Adelhauser Kirchplatz and there is the Gänsemännle fountain , a copy of a fountain that Joseph von Kopf created around 1850 in the workshop of Alois Knittel for the Freiburg potato market. The dolphins on the fountain stick were probably created by Julius Seitz after he was commissioned by the building construction department in 1909 to move the fountain. The goose man, the original of which has been in the Augustinian Museum since the 1920s, was modeled on the goose strangler by Boethos of Kalchedon .

It has been “a cozy, quiet place since the banishment of the cars”, and it is not uncommon for people from Freiburg to refer to it as their favorite when asked.

literature

  • Hermann Brommer : Freiburg, Adelhauser Kloster; former monastery church of the "Convents Adelhausen for the Annunciation of Mary the Virgin and Mother of God and St. Catharinae. Schnell & Steiner, Munich and Zurich 1976

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Hermann Brommer : Freiburg - Adelhauser monastery; former monastery church. Munich and Zurich, Schnell & Steiner 1976.
  2. ↑ a b c d Sebastian Bock: The inventory and equipment of the secularized Dominican nunnery in Adelhausen in Freiburg i.Br. Dissertation University of Freiburg 1997. ISBN 3-00-002750-5
  3. ^ Bylaws of the Adelhausen Foundation. ( Memento of March 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 15 kB)
  4. ^ Freiburg: Foundation administration concentrates all departments in one location - badische-zeitung.de. Retrieved April 22, 2013 .
  5. ↑ Bell inspection of the Archdiocese of Freiburg - Catholic Chapel of St. Mary (Adelhauser Church) in Freiburg
  6. ↑ Ecumenical Saint Lexicon http://www.heiligenlexikon.de/Literatur/Dominikus_in_Soriano.html
  7. ^ Waldkircher Orgelbau - restoration of the historic Welte organ in the Adelhauser Klosterkirche Freiburg. Retrieved October 12, 2017 .
  8. ^ Michael Klant: Artist Prince in the Province. The sculptor Julius Seitz . In: Sculpture in Freiburg. 19th Century Art in Public Space , ed. v. Michael Klant, Freiburg 2000, ISBN 3-922675-77-8 , p. 184
  9. ↑ Susanne Eberlein, Konrad Eisele: Design of the source of life. Fountain . In: Sculpture in Freiburg. 19th Century Art in Public Space , ed. v. Michael Klant, Freiburg 2000, ISBN 3-922675-77-8 , p. 151 f.
  10. ^ Rosemarie Beck, Roland Meinig: Fountain in Freiburg. Rombach Verlag, Freiburg 1991, ISBN 3-7930-0550-X , pp. 66-67.

Web links

Commons : Adelhauser Kirche (Freiburg im Breisgau)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 59 '34.2 "  N , 7 ° 51' 5.1"  E