Wiehre
  Freiburg im Breisgau |
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| City district Freiburg (FR) Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany |
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| Basic data | |
| District of Freiburg | |
| District number: | 42 |
| Structure: | 4 districts: 421 Oberwiehre 422 Mittelwiehre 423 Unterwiehre-Nord 424 Unterwiehre-Süd. |
| incorporated on: | 1826 |
| Geographic location : | 47 ° 59 '6 " N , 7 ° 51' 7" E |
| Height : | 280 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 5.96 km² |
| Residents : | 24,800 (December 31, 2017) |
| Population density : | 4161 inhabitants per km² |
| Proportion of foreigners : | 13% |
| Postal code : | 79100, 79102 |
| Area code : | 0761 |
The Wiehre is a district of Freiburg im Breisgau that extends south of the old town on the opposite side of the Dreisam .
The district is bounded to the west by the Rhine Valley Railway Karlsruhe - Basel , to the north by the Dreisam, to the east by the Waldsee district and to the south by the Sternwald am Bromberg and the foothills of the village of Günterstal , which also belongs to Freiburg . Günterstalstraße, the old country road to Günterstal, which begins at the Kaiserbrücke over the Dreisam, cuts through the Wiehre.
The Wiehre district consists of the four districts 421 Oberwiehre, 422 Mittelwiehre, 423 Unterwiehre-Nord and 424 Unterwiehre-Süd.
Hilda and Quäkerstrasse form the border between the districts of Ober- and Mittelwiehre, Günterstalstrasse with tram line 2 between Mittel- and Unterwiehre. The two districts of Unterwiehre are (from east to west) through Loretto, Christoph-Mang- and Basler Strasse delimited.
history
The name Wiehre comes from "Wehre", with which the Dreisam was dammed in the area of today's Oberwiehre in order to gain dry land. The Wiehre was first mentioned as a field name in 1008 in a document from the German King Heinrich II for the Bishop of Basel . The village of Adelhausen lay on top of it, but due to its exposed location in front of the city walls of Freiburg, it was looted and completely destroyed during each of the numerous attacks on the city. The women's monastery there was therefore relocated to the Schneckenvorstadt south of Freiburg's old town while retaining its name.
With the increasing growth of the city of Freiburg, the Wiehre was incorporated into the city area as early as 1826 and initially slowly built on. In addition to agricultural buildings, a small industrial area with craft businesses and a small brewery was built along the Dreisam. It was not until the economic boom in the Grand Duchy of Baden in the middle of the 19th century, when there was a need for building land for medium-sized city villas and upscale townhouses for a newly emerging bourgeois class, that an upper-class residential area was planned in the Wiehre area. Many retirees from North Baden and the Ruhr area were among the builders. At that time, the Ruhr area was often hit by cholera epidemics. Wealthy people were looking for a second home in Freiburg. Due to the location, the drinking water supply in Freiburg was relatively safe from epidemics. It is thanks to their convenience and their influence that the Wiehre received a train station on the Höllentalbahn , which at that time ran along the southern edge of the development. The station was also used by the Ganter brewery , which moved into the site of an old oil mill on the Dreisam around 1888 and became the largest brewery in southern Baden through multiple expansions. The brewery's own railroad cars were transferred to trucks at Freiburg-Wiehre station and then driven to the brewery.
In the east of the city the button manufacturer Jeremias Risler had the first closed workers' settlement built in Baden in 1868, the button houses that still exist today . In the summer of 2020, the Freiburger Stadtimmobilien GmbH (FSI) began renovating the Knopfhäusle for 10 million euros. A grant of 4.5 million euros is to come from the urban development funding program . For the pastoral and social care of the workers, the Maria Hilf chapel was built from 1885 to 1889 , to which a nurses' station was attached (today as Maria Schutz church service room for various Christian Orthodox parishes). The rapid expansion of the Wiehre eastward into the Obere Wiehre through the settlement of bourgeois residents meant that this chapel soon became too small. Therefore, not far from there, the new Maria Hilf church was built between 1927 and 1929 . Before that, from 1905 to 1907 the “grand ducal Baden teachers' seminar”, today's Lycée Turenne , and in 1915 the elementary school Oberwiehre, since 1920 Emil-Thoma-Schule , were established.
At the end of the 19th century, two churches that characterize the cityscape were built for the rapidly growing population. The Catholic Johanneskirche , occasionally called "Wiehredom" because of its urban development effect, was built on the site of the gasworks that had previously been there on the eastern edge of Unterwiehre at the corner of Güntertalstrasse and Baslerstrasse. The second Protestant church in Freiburg after the Ludwigskirche , the Christ Church , was built not far from here in the Mittelwiehre for the evangelical community that had grown due to the influx from northern Baden. Also at the turn of the 20th century, the Lorettoberg, which protrudes into the Wiehre, was built on with magnificent villas. The Catholic Loretto Hospital also settled there.
Until the 1920s, the roads were extended to the south and the Wiehre continued to grow. The route of the Höllentalbahn increasingly proved to be an obstacle, which is why it was moved south in 1933 and 1934 and now forms the southern border of the Wiehre. Two tunnels, the Sternwaldtunnel and the Lorettobergtunnel , had to be built for this. The old route can still be seen in the cityscape today, as a four-lane high-speed car was planned there in the 1950s. The former reception building of the old train station also still exists and is now a small cultural center ( Freiburg Municipal Cinema ). Two railway keeper's houses have also been preserved, one of which has been part of a daycare center since 2019.
During the Third Reich , the Wiehre was the center of resistance in Freiburg. The ordoliberal resistance group Freiburger Kreis (Nazi era) met in a town house near the Christ Church to forge plans for a Germany after Hitler. The Catholic-oriented "Freiburg Circle" around the poet Reinhold Schneider , who lived in Wiehre (Mercystraße), and Karl Färber had an impact far beyond Freiburg.
The Wiehre was largely spared from the Second World War , only a few houses near the city center were damaged.
After the war, further smaller building areas on the southern edge of the district were developed and built; To the west of Merzhauser Strasse, numerous apartments were built for members of the French armed forces who were stationed as occupation troops in the nearby Vauban barracks . The quarter was largely spared from building sins .
In the post-war period, road traffic in particular grew; the Dreisamuferstraßen were expanded to double-lane thoroughfares as a continuation of the Freiburg-Mitte motorway feeder, which also take up the traffic on federal highway 31 . The plan is to use the Freiburg city tunnel to relieve these streets and turn them back into residential streets. After the project has been included in the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030 , the project can be expected to be completed between 2030 and 2035.
Life in the Wiehre
Parts of the Wiehre, the entire Mittelwiehre and the eastern parts of the Unterwiehre, are now a very popular residential area, mainly because of their rich old buildings, the comparatively quiet streets and the attractive location between the city center and the green outskirts of the city.
Because of the high rental and property prices, the Wiehre is primarily a residential area for academics and the upper middle class. The development consists largely of villas, townhouses and large apartment buildings with spacious apartments. Within the Wiehre there are a few small shops, often from the ecological alternative range, shops and a few pubs. The historical sub-center around the old Freiburg-Wiehre train station still exists today, and there is also a weekly market there. The main shopping street is the relatively busy Günterstalstraße, which connects the city of Freiburg with the Schauinsland via Günterstal . Road traffic has been calmed even further by the establishment of a number of one-way streets in recent years.
Many student associations maintain their often traditional houses in the Wiehre. In particular, the old, closed building stock, the proximity to the outskirts and at the same time to the city center as well as the relative tranquility are clear advantages of the Wiehre. This characterization applies to large parts of the Wiehre; however, there are also areas that do not correspond to this impression. A small industrial area was created between the aforementioned residential area for the French military and the Vauban barracks on the southern outskirts. There is also such an industrial area at Kronemühlenbach; Not far from there, in Freiau there was a workers' settlement, the greater part of which fell victim to traffic planning in the 1960s and 1970s.
Two civic associations in the Wiehre area take care of the needs of the population: the Oberwiehre-Waldsee e. V. for the eastern part of the Wiehre and the neighboring districts of Waldsee and Oberau and the Bürgererverein Mittel-Unterwiehre e. V. for the western Wiehre.
The KTS , a “self-governing culture meeting” of the autonomous community, is located on the premises of the depot in the Unterwiehre .
Infrastructure
traffic
The station Freiburg-Wiehre at the Höllentalbahn ( Freiburg (Breisgau) the central station - Titisee - Neustadt (Schwarzw) - Donaueschingen ) connects the area every half hour (during the day) to the Black Forest and the Freiburg central station, where connections to the Breisgau-train and the regional and long-distance traffic of Deutsche Bahn exists.
The tram lines 2, 3 and 5 of the Freiburger Verkehrs AG (VAG) connect the Wiehre with the city center, Günterstal and Brühl as well as the new development areas Vauban and Rieselfeld . Bus route 11 also touches the Unterwiehre.
Although there are hardly any special cycle paths with the exception of the Dreisamufer cycle path on the northern edge of the district, the residents use bicycles particularly frequently as a means of transport.
Education and Research
The Wiehre is well supplied with kindergartens. Public primary schools are also sufficiently available close to home: in the Oberwiehre the Emil-Thoma-Grundschule, in the Mittelwiehre the Turnseeschule (with secondary school), in the Unterwiehre the Lorettoschule. Realschulen are the Emil-Thoma- and Lessing-Realschule. A special needs school is also housed in the Lessing School building.
The Rotteck-Gymnasium is a general high school, the Walter-Eucken-Gymnasium enables a commercially oriented high school education. The St. Ursula schools in Hildastraße with a nutritional and social science high school and the Angell Academy on the Kronenbrücke with a business high school, social science high school and commercial vocational college offer vocational training. In listed school building on Church Street are parts of Gertrude Luckner Vocational School housed.
The Lessing special school supplements the educational offer. There are also some private schools, of which the Montessori Center Angell and the Waldorf School provide the broadest range of educational opportunities. The school of the youth welfare organization (JHW) offers elementary and secondary education.
On the southern edge of the district, on Sternwaldeck , is the renowned Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law , not far from the Corpus Vitrearum Germany , a research center for medieval glass painting. In addition, the branch of the State Academy of Fine Arts Karlsruhe is housed in the Wiehre . In the south-west of the Unterwiehre, on Merzhauser Strasse, is the Freiburg State Wine Institute with its own vineyards on the Schlierberg there , the western slope of the Lorettoberges. In addition, the Baden Agricultural Main Association found a new home in a new wooden building in 2014 .
economy
There are two smaller industrial areas in the Unterwiehre, namely the Kronenmatten between Kronenstrasse and Heinrich-von-Stephan-Strasse and - further south - in the Oltmannsstrasse area, the Merzhauser Strasse office park . Nearby, in Wippertstrasse ⊙ , the Freiburg Georg Salvamoser Technology Center (TZF) for business start-ups was located until February 2016 , under the management of Freiburg Wirtschaft Touristik und Messe GmbH & Co. KG . In the Unterwiehre on Heinrich-von-Stephan-Straße on the site of the former Postbahnhof, the foundation stone was laid in 2015 for a new quarter with offices, a hotel, restaurants and a day-care center for 150 million euros.
Authorities and institutions
The citizen service of the city of Freiburg was housed in Basler Straße 2 at the Johanneskirche and was relocated to the town hall in the Stühlinger district in November 2017 . The Studierendenwerk has been located at Basler Strasse 2 since 2019. The Freiburg Police Department and the regional center of the German Pension Insurance are located on Heinrich-von-Stephan-Straße .
Others
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At the foot of the Lorettoberg stands one of the largest clinics in the city, the Catholic Loretto Hospital . Next to it is the Lorettobad , an old outdoor swimming pool with a “ladies pool” that is still popular today.
With the relocation of the trade fair to the airfield in 2000 and the development of the old trade fair grounds, the eastern part of the Wiehre was expanded by 180 residential units and a shopping center. The ZO (Zentrum Oberwiehre) shopping center, which opened in 2004, houses a large number of shops, service providers and restaurants. A weekly market and regular events such as flea and artist markets take place in and around the shopping center.
In the “old Wiehrebahnhof” there is a small cultural center that houses the municipal cinema , which has already won several awards for its program. The Southwest Literature Forum has also been located here since 2003 . Twice a week a market is held around the "old Wiehrebahnhof"; otherwise the square is often used as a playground by boules players . Not far away, on the corner of Dreikönig- and Peter-Sprung-Straße, you can find the coffee box , a mobile coffee bar on a Piaggio Ape, on nice days from 12 noon to 6 pm since 2011 .
The town hall was built in 1954.
Worth knowing
On July 31, 1849, a Prussian firing squad executed Johann Maximilian Dortu , a participant in the Baden Revolution from Potsdam , and a little later the revolutionaries Friedrich Neff from Rümmingen and Gebhard Kromer from Bombach in the Wiehre cemetery . The Dortu tomb in the former cemetery, which is otherwise now used as a children's playground, is a reminder of this to this day. Since 2004 a memorial ceremony has been held there every year on July 31st.
Gerwigplatz in front of the new Freiburg-Wiehre train station is dedicated to Robert Gerwig - the builder of the Höllentalbahn.
Wasserschlössle
- Main article: Freiburger Wasserschlössle
Above the Wiehre, on the Bromberg, there is an elevated water tank disguised as a “Schlössle” with a view of the city. The architecture of the Wasserschlössle , completed in 1896, is based on a variant of the Freiburg city seal, which in this form also adorns some manhole covers. The fact that the Bromberg was already used for water supply before that is also revealed by its name, which refers to Bronnen , an outdated term for well .
Dyke borrower
The "Deicheleweiher", two ponds offset in height, have a long history ; Since the Middle Ages, coniferous logs have been stored in the water here, which should be drilled out to make shafts ; the dikes themselves were also stored in the water until they were used as water pipes. The water supply network made of wooden water pipes was in operation in Freiburg until the 19th century. According to a legend, the Freiburg rattle stork is supposed to fish the babies out of the "Deicheleweiher".
Personalities associated with Wiehre
- Hermann Aubin (1885–1969), historian, lived in Beethovenstrasse 6 on the third floor after the Second World War
- Georg von Below (1858–1927), historian, lived at Johann-von-Weerth-Straße 6
- Eduard Stritt (1870–1937), glass painter, lived at Mercystraße 2
- Walter Benjamin (1892–1940), philosopher, translator and writer, lived at Kirchstrasse 49 when he was a student
- Maximilian Dortu (1826–1849), revolutionary, was executed in the old Wiehre cemetery (Erwinstrasse) and is also buried there
- Josef Fleckenstein (1919–2004), Medievalist, lived at Lorettostraße 27 in the 1950s
- Friedrich August von Hayek (1899–1992), Professor of Economics and Nobel Prize Laureate, lived on Urachstrasse and Hildastrasse during his time in Freiburg
- Hermann Heimpel (1901–1988), historian, lived at Erwinstrasse 66
- Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), philosopher, lived at 40 Lorettostraße
- Friedrich Richard Krauel (1848–1918), diplomat, lived at Mercystraße 8
- Alfred Nissle (1874–1965), doctor, lived at Erwinstrasse 95
- Christian Nussbaum (1888–1939), SPD member of the state parliament, lived at Sternwaldstrasse 1, later at Landsknechtstrasse 9
- Reinhold Schneider (1903–1958), writer, lived at Mercystraße 2
- Walter-Herwig Schuchhardt , archaeologist, lived in Beethovenstrasse 6 on the first floor after the Second World War
- Hans-Peter Schwarz (* 1934), Professor of Political Science in Hamburg, Cologne and Bonn, lived at Bayernstrasse 8
- WG Sebald (1944–2001), writer and literary scholar, lived as a student at Maximilianstrasse 15
- Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965), professor of chemistry and Nobel Prize winner, lived on Lugostrasse
- Friedrich Stegmüller (1902–1981), cath. Theologian, lived at Sternwaldstrasse 21 in the 1950s and 1960s
- Edith Stein (1891–1942), philosopher and women's rights activist, saint of the Catholic Church, lived at Goethestrasse 63
- Max Weber (1864–1920), sociologist, lived at Schillerstraße 22 from 1894 to 1897
- Bernhard Welte (1906–1983), Professor of Christian Philosophy of Religion, lived in Oberwiehre for many years
- Joseph Wirth (1879–1956), politician (Center Party), 1921/22 Chancellor of the Weimar Republic, last lived in poor conditions on Landsknechtstrasse
- Engelbert Zaschka (1895–1955), inventor and helicopter pioneer, lived at Türkenlouisstraße 47 after the Second World War
literature
- 1000 years of Wiehre. An almanac 1008-2008. Edited by the community associations of the Wiehre. Promo Verlag Freiburg 2007.
- The Wiehre. An almanac. Edited by Civic Association Oberwiehre Waldsee and Civic Association Mittel- and Unterwiehre. Freiburg 1999.
Web links
- Citizens' Association Mittel- und Unterwiehre
- Citizens' Association Oberwiehre-Waldsee
- Wiehre online information portal for the Wiehre district
Individual evidence
- ↑ Andreas Rüdig: History of Stadtwerke Essen
- ↑ Joerg Lange: On the history of water protection on the Upper and High Rhine. A case study in environmental and biology history, August 2002.
- ↑ Jelka Louisa Beule: A settlement makes history - Freiburg Süd - Badische Zeitung. Badische Zeitung, July 22, 2017, accessed on July 22, 2017 .
- ↑ Jelka Louisa Beule: The redevelopment of the Knopfhäusle settlement begins. Badische Zeitung, July 18, 2020, accessed on July 19, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Joachim Scheck: Freiburg South: History of the Höllentalbahn: With full steam through the Wiehre . In: Badische Zeitung. May 25, 2010, accessed December 16, 2010.
- ↑ Manuel Fritsch: Controversial day care center at the station guard's house is open. Badische Zeitung, May 5, 2019, accessed on May 11, 2019 .
- ↑ Sources: see Freiburg city tunnel
- ↑ Now the house is officially inaugurated. Retrieved January 2, 2016 .
- ↑ Holger Schindler: Freiburg: FWTM approach causes displeasure. Badische Zeitung, December 10, 2015, accessed on February 6, 2016 .
- ^ Freiburg: Bahnhofsachse: Construction of the office district on Heinrich-von-Stephan-Straße begins - badische-zeitung.de. Retrieved January 2, 2016 .
- ↑ News - Studierendenwerk Freiburg-Black Forest. Retrieved July 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Old measuring station - projects . Website Melder & Binkert. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ↑ In the middle of life - actions . Website Zentrum Oberwiehre. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ↑ Paula Teichert: History: How the coffee box came in front of the house on Sternwaldeck. fudder.de, March 18, 2019, accessed on March 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Well. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 4, Leipzig 1733, column 1604-1607.
- ^ Astrid Fritz, Bernhard Till: Unknown Freiburg. Rombach, Freiburg 2005, p. 104.
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