Fiefdom (Freiburg im Breisgau)
  Freiburg im Breisgau |
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| City district Freiburg (FR) Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany |
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| Basic data | |
| District with local administration of Freiburg | |
| District number: | 55 (district: 550) |
| incorporated on: | 1st September 1971 |
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 1 '3 " N , 7 ° 48' 7" E |
| Height : | 220 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 3.38 km² |
| Residents : | 2,483 (January 1, 2018) |
| Population density : | 735 inhabitants per km² |
| Proportion of foreigners : | 10% |
| Postal code : | 79110, 79111 |
| Area code : | 0761 |
Administration address : |
Local administration Lehen Breisgauer Straße 61 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau |
| Internet presence: | www.freiburg.de |
| politics | |
| Mayor : | Bernhard Schätzle ( CDU ) |
| Dialect: Alemannic | |
| Main variant: | Lower Alemannic |
| Regional variant: | Upper Rhine Manish |
| Local variant: | Breisgau |
Lehen is a formerly independent municipality that was incorporated into the city of Freiburg im Breisgau on September 1, 1971 . Lehen is in the north-west of Freiburg and borders in the north on Hochdorf , in the north-east on Landwasser , in the south-east on Betzenhausen , in the south on the Rieselfeld district and in the south-west on the Mundenhof .
The Lehener Bergle is also located in Lehen . The elevation is 500 m wide and 1.5 kilometers long, with a height of 30 m and is largely in protected landscape moss forest . 65 million old rock layers have been found there in which ammonites are found. These layers are covered by a thick layer of loess , which makes the area very fertile.
Around 1510, Joß Fritz , the leader of the Bundschuh movement , settled in fiefdom.
history
The first documentary mention: In 1139, in the letter of protection from Pope Innocent II of April 14, 1139 for Ortlieb, Bishop of Basel, the "Ecclesia de Leheim" (the fiefdom church) is mentioned for the first time. According to recent research, this document is a forgery from around 1180. The name comes from Leheim, which means something like house on the hill.
On the Lehener Bergle (height 253 m) a 500 m wide 1.5 km long elevation, which rises 30 meters above the place, 65 million year old rock layers of the Mesozoic Era have been proven. In these layers ammonites can be found, which were and are used in the place to decorate the houses.
The settlements in the Hallstatt and Latène times are proven by the discovery of clay pot fragments with stamp embellishment and tools .
The settlement by Romans is quite likely, as the clay for the pottery, which was found in a Roman settlement near Umkirch , comes from the Lehener Bergle.
The settlement of the area can probably be from the 6./7. Century attested by notes of the Waldkirch monastery about fishing rights in fiefs at the silver farms.
Joß Fritz and Bundschuh movement
The Bundschuh movement refers to a number of conspiracies and (attempted) uprisings, mainly by peasants in the years 1493 to 1517 in southwest Germany . The name comes from the strap-waist shoe that common men wore back then. The conspirators were offended by the hard labor, high taxes and duties imposed on them by the nobility and the church.
The first uprisings took place in Alsace in 1493 and were bloodily suppressed. In 1502 a conspiracy was formed in Untergrombach near Bruchsal, which is said to have had several thousand members. One of the leaders was Joß Fritz . The conspiracy was known through treason and then put down. Joß Fritz escaped.
Around the year 1512 he appeared in fiefdom, where he was employed as a bann warden . Here he began to rally like-minded people. The meeting place of the group was the hard mat at Lehen. The first goal was to win Freiburg as a base of operations. For this purpose, people from the area from Bretten to the Kinzig valley, from Alsace and the Kaiserstuhl were recruited. This conspiracy, too, was betrayed and on October 6, 1513, it was put down in fiefdom by the Freiburg lords. One of the consequences of this was that no fiefdom with weapons was allowed to go to Freiburg.
Again Joß Fritz, who was being searched for, escaped to the Black Forest. Here, too, he tried to prepare for a revolt, but in 1517 he was betrayed again. His name appeared for the last time in 1524 as one of those who started the great peasant war on the Swiss border.
In 1525 there was an uprising in Freiburg, which the peasants won. On May 23, 1525, the city of Freiburg sealed its union with the farmers by means of an oath.
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To mark the 500th anniversary of the failed Bundschuh uprising, the Bundschuh oak created by the sculptor Thomas Rees was set up in Lehen at the Bundschuhhalle in June 2013 . It was carved from an approx. 180 year old oak, which comes from the hard mat at the meeting place of the Bundschuh movement, and has a diameter of 1.25 m and a height of about 6 m. On the front of the tree you can see the crucified Jesus as the central element. Above the cross you can see the clergy on the right and the nobility on the left who oppress the peasants. Below the Jesus you can see two figures studying a book and questioning the existing order. Hence the subtitle of God's order, benefactors and forbidden thoughts . On the back of the work of art a devil with the Bundschuh is depicted, which represents the opinion of the Freiburg authorities about the uprising as the devil's work . Above it, farmers are shown with their leader Joß Fritz and the flag swearing. As the fourteenth station, it is part of the Lehen Bundschuhpfad, which covers a length of 3.4 km in the community at 14 stations and reports on the living conditions of the farmers and in chronological order on the history of the movement.
As the mayor Bernhard Schätzle says: “The Bundschuh uprising is Fief's most important moment in history. We have been working intensively on this topic for over 50 years. The primary school, multi-purpose hall, squares and streets in Lehen are named after the Bundschuh and his protagonists. Much of what the rebels demanded in 1513 forms the basis of the German Basic Law. It is therefore a matter of particular concern to us to duly honor the events here in fiefs 500 years ago. "
20th century
Until the post-war period, the population remained almost constant at 500 to 600 inhabitants, who in the purely agricultural village lived mainly from viticulture, arable farming and cattle breeding. The products produced were used for personal use and were sold at the Freiburg weekly market. After the war, the place turned into a place of residence. Agriculture decreased more and more, so in 1959 there were still 250 head of cattle and today there are none. Also, only two full-time farms are located here, one of which is a winery.
Incorporation
As a result of the community reform program adopted by the state government in 1967, the community of Lehen was assigned to the administrative area of the city of Freiburg. In order not to be completely absorbed in the city, the mayor and the municipal council used a form that was later even offered by law, the local constitution. After a change in the main statute of the municipality, this constitution was voted on in a referendum on May 9, 1971. After the local approval, it came into force on September 1, 1971. This was achieved by the fact that important parts of the administration remained in the community and the mayor has a say in the community council.
On June 22, 1971, the then Lehen Mayor Scherer and the Lord Mayor of the City of Freiburg, Keidel , signed the contract in the new council chamber of the city, which included Lehen in the city of Freiburg.
Population development
- 1789: 395 inhabitants
- 1871: 509 inhabitants
- 1939: 588 inhabitants
- 1976: 2023 inhabitants
- 2004: 2300 inhabitants
- 2005: 2266 inhabitants
- 2006: 2251 inhabitants
- 2008: 2313 inhabitants
- 2010: 2291 inhabitants
- 2016: 2502 inhabitants
traffic
By car :
At the Freiburg-Mitte junction on the Lehen district, the A5 (Karlsruhe-Basel) and the B31a (Gottenheim-Freiburg Stadtmitte) cross, which has the “Freiburg-Lehen” exit to the southeast.
In the east, directly on the border with Betzenhausen, lies Lehen on the "Westrandstrasse". This is one of the most important traffic arteries in the west of Freiburg, and is called Paduaallee at Lehen. Lehen is also easily accessible via this.
With public transport:
At the eastern edge of Lehens there is an important junction of the Freiburg public transport , the Paduaallee stop of the Freiburger Verkehrs AG . Here the line 1 of the Freiburg light rail runs to the city center and to Landwasser as well as the bus lines 31 (Paduaallee- Umkirch - Waltershofen - Merdingen - Breisach ), 32 (Paduaallee-Umkirch-Waltershofen- Opfingen - Rieselfeld - Haid ) and the line 19 (Paduaallee Lehen brickworks (- Mundenhof / Lehen industrial area)), which drive through the center of Lehen.
coat of arms
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The Lehen coat of arms consists of a large L for fiefdom, a red sickle, which is supposed to represent a vine knife, and a rosette. This coat of arms was adopted by the Lehen municipal council in 1899 based on the proposals made by the General State Archives. The coat of arms is based on an older coat of arms and seal that the two villages of Betzenhausen and Lehen have had since the early 18th century. Why the original star was transformed into a rosette in 1899 is no longer known.
Buildings
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The church of St. Cyriak in Lehen with its onion dome is the symbol of the place. The origins of the current sacred building are in the 13th / 14th centuries. Century, where a smaller Gothic church stood in the same place. Parts of this old church building are still contained in the current church, which was built in 1724/25.
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The "Old Castle" in Lehen was first mentioned in the 13th century. From the 16th to the 19th century they were a Freiburg forester's house. These buildings are also still standing and inhabited. This "Curtis zu Leheim" was a fortified manor. The fortification existed in the complex as a deep or water castle. The water from a triple arm flowed around the manor house, which probably stood on a small island as the foothills of the Lehener Berg. Access to this facility, which was surrounded by a closed wall, was via a bridge on the north side. The second moated castle in the village is the former pond castle. The current building dates from the 16th century and was bought and renovated by Michaelem Textorem and his wife Maria Prombacherin around 1587, as can be seen from a plaque above the door. It is still inhabited today and houses a winery. The old Fronhof in fiefdom is very likely identical with the "Hof zu tutsch", which is proven in documents from the years 1273 and 1274 by Albrecht, Landgrave of Thuringia.
The Bundschuhplatz takes its name from the Bundschuh movement and is the historical center of the town in Lehen, around it are grouped the "Old Castle", the Zehntscheuer and the church with the old cemetery. It was redesigned in 1991. The rooster stands for the “evocation” against injustice, the plow and the Bundschuh indicate the peasant revolts in the 16th century. The group of figures was created by the sculptor Hans-Peter Wernet.
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At the highest point of the Lehener Bergle (254 m) stands the lookout tower built by the entrepreneur Hans Josef Hutter in 1894, which was called the snail shell tower because of the ammonite above the door. Hutter used it on Sundays for tea parties. In 1895 the tower was sold by his widow to the publisher Hermann Herder . The common name “ Herdertürmle ” comes from the fact that the tower is still owned by the family today. Herder's apprentices were allowed to spend their weekends there and relax. It was one of the first social facilities created by a manufacturer.
A Celtic hilltop settlement from the 7th century BC was found at the Herdertürmle. During the First World War it was used by the artillery as an observation tower. After the Second World War, a family used it as an apartment due to the housing shortage. In the meantime, the Herdertürmle and the associated properties have been owned by the Lehen association “Bundschuh zu Lehen e. V. ”has been leased by the Herder family and restored over the past few years. The association wants to set up a cultural meeting point there; it is used by the association and the local administration. The building is a historical monument.
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On November 10, 2018, for the 50th anniversary of the city partnership between Freiburg and Padua, the work of art “La stele dell 'abbraccio” (“The Stele of the Embrace”) was inaugurated at the Paduaallee stop by Freiburg's Mayor Martin Horn . The sculpture was presented by Assessore Bressa in the presence of the artist Antonio Ievolella. The stele is made of corten steel and copper, materials that, like today, are constantly changing. The partner piece "Blocco erratico" by the artist Jikkemien Ligteringen has been in the Parco Europa in Padua since last year.
As fiefdom lies on the important east-west connection over the Roßkopf and in front of Freiburg, there were also inns here. One of them, the former “Hirschenpost”, is proven to be over 600 years old and is now called “Gasthaus zum Hirschen”. Two others, the “Löwen” inn (since 1728) and the “Bierhäusle” (since 1855), are proven to be continuously entertained.
Natural monuments
There are two natural monuments in Lehen, a summer and a winter linden tree
Summer linden (Tilia platyphyllos)
Winter linden (Tilia cordata)
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SWR transmitter
In the district of Lehen there is the Freiburg-Lehen transmitter, a transmitter of the Südwestrundfunk for VHF broadcasting. A 92 meter high steel lattice mast with a square cross-section, insulated from the ground, is used as the antenna support. The transmitter site in Freiburg-Lehen began operations on December 20, 1933. It replaced the transmitter in the trade school in Wiehre (Kirchstrasse 4), which in 1926 was the first radio transmission system in Baden .
Web links
- Articles about fiefdoms in www.freiburg-schwarzwald.de
- Websites of the local administration Lehen at www.freiburg.de
literature
- Peter Paul Albert : fiefdom under Freiburg. Seen historically . Rombach, Freiburg 1951.
- List of cultural monuments. District of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald . Volume 1: The architectural and art monuments of the former Freiburg district . Freiburg 1974, pp. 198-201.
- Lehen history and stories . City of Freiburg, Lehen local authority, 1989.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Lehener Bergle is a gem from ancient times , Jelka Louisa Beule, Badische Zeitung, January 10, 2015, accessed on June 9, 2019
- ^ Thomas Zotz: Settlement and rule in the Freiburg area at the end of the 11th century . In: Hans Schadek, Thomas Zotz (eds.): Freiburg 1091–1120. New research into the beginnings of the city. Archeology and history . (= Freiburg research for the first millennium in southwest Germany 7). Sigmaringen 1995, pp. 49-78.
- ↑ Karl Schmid: The Zähringer Church among the Breisgau possessions of Basel in the papal document, forged around 1180 to 1139 . In: Karl Schmid (Ed.): The Zähringer III. Swiss lectures and new research . Sigmaringen 1990, pp. 281-304.
- ^ The Bundschuh oak in Freiburg fiefdom Thomas Rees
- ^ Bundschuh-Eiche , bz, Badische Zeitung, May 4, 2013, accessed June 8, 2013
- ↑ Bundschuh zu Lehen Bundschuh zu Lehen e. V.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 493 .
- ↑ Snail shell tower fief
- ↑ a b "Türmle" becomes a piece of jewelery , Jelka Louisa Beule, Badische Zeitung, October 14, 2015, accessed June 9, 2019
- ^ The customs of the Celts , hbl, Badische Zeitung, April 29, 2014, accessed on June 8, 2019
- ↑ Excursion to the Celts , editorial office, Badische Zeitung, January 29, 2015, accessed on June 8, 2019
- ^ Fief Citizens Information - Total Local City of Freiburg 2014
- ↑ Neuer Bundschuh-Verein , ha, Badische Zeitung, February 23, 2013, accessed June 8, 2019
- ^ Sculpture "Stele of the Embrace" from the twin city Padua is inaugurated , Carla Bihl, Badische Zeitung, November 12, 2018, accessed November 25, 2018
- ↑ T66 Kulturwerk exhibition N ° :: 679 FREIBURG | PADOVA 50
Old town | Betzenhausen | Brühl | Dietenbach | Levels | Günterstal | Haslach | Herdern | Hochdorf | Kappel | Land water | Fiefdom | Littenweiler | Moss forest | Mundenhof | Munzingen | Neuburg | Oberau | Opfingen | Rieselfeld | St. Georgen | Stühlinger | Tiengen | Vauban | Forest lake | Waltershofen | Vineyard | Wiehre | Zähringen