St. Blasius (Wyhl)

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St. Blasius is the Roman Catholic parish church of Wyhl am Kaiserstuhl . Together with the parishes of St. Martin in Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl and St. Cosmas and Damian in Sasbach-Jechtingen, it belongs to the Sasbach pastoral care unit of the Archdiocese of Freiburg .

  • Church and rectory from the south

  • Church from the north

history

The tower below the octagonal bell storey has been preserved from the Romanesque period, perhaps from 1150 to 1180. The first document that mentions a church in Wyhl is in the Liber decimationis of the Diocese of Constance from 1275; there a “ plebanus in Wile” is mentioned in the section “In decanatu Endingen ” . At that time Wyhl was subordinate to the St. Margarethen Benedictine Monastery in Waldkirch . Abbot Dietmar von Hunaweier bought it from him in 1324 for his monastery, the Augustinian Canons of St. Märgen in the Black Forest. In 1381 the Wyhl parish was incorporated into the St. Märgen Monastery under canon law . Wyhl was economically important for St. Märgen des Zehntes and also a popular refuge. The relationship with St. Märgen ended with its secularization in 1806.

The village and church were devastated during the War of the Spanish Succession and by fires in the 1750s. From 1717 to 1719 Abbot Andreas Dilger from Bermatingen (Abbot from 1713 to 1736) and the Wyhl pastor Jakob Abegg (pastor from 1707 to 1730, † 1766 in St. Märgen) had the rectory built. The master builder was Johann Mathis from Mittelberg (Vorarlberg) (1681–1750), who, from 1715, also directed the construction of the new church in St. Märgen. In 1725 the choir of the church was rebuilt and an octagonal storey was added to the old tower. From 1760 to 1765, Dilger's successor Peter Glunk from Löffingen-Seppenhofen (abbot from 1736 to 1766) had the church completed by taking over the old tower and choir from 1725. The master builder was Johann Baptist Häring from Immendingen (1716–1790), who built the prelate east and north wing in St. Märgen. A baroque hall church with rounded corners as well as ceiling paintings and Stations of the Cross - frescoes by Johann Pfunner was created .

  • Inner to the east

  • Interior to the west

In 1838 the nave was fundamentally rebuilt with an extension to the west, the baroque gable was torn down and the ceiling was raised, with which Pfunner's image disappeared. Pfunner's Way of the Cross was painted over white along with the walls. The baroque gave way to a simple classicism .

The church was last restored in 1988.

building

Before the Rhine was straightened out in the 19th century, the church was located directly on the banks of the Rhine; now the Rhine flows 2 km away. The nave has five windows on each side, and the round choir has two arched windows on each side . Red pilasters, plinths and window frames enliven the exterior. The sacristy is attached to the choir in the south and the tower in the north. On its square, medieval part, supported by a buttress, sits the baroque octagon with a round arched window and a dial on each side, and above it again an octagonal pyramid helmet. The entrance in the west facade is reached via a double flight of stairs. In addition, two covered entrances lead into the interior on each side. The corners of the hall are still rounded in the east, while the extension from 1838 in the west ends with right angles. In the west six pillars support the organ gallery. The choir has been preserved in its baroque form. Stitch caps cut into the mirror ceiling above its windows .

Saint Augustine in the choir

Furnishing

The furnishings of the previous church were moved to the church consecrated to St. Gertrud von Nivelles in the north-east of Wyhl in the village of Wellingen when the new church was built , where it went down with the village in the middle of the 18th century due to floods.

Three of Pfunner's frescoes have been preserved. On the ceiling of the choir he painted the picture of Saints Blasius of Sebaste and Barbara of Nicomedia in the sky, where the baby Jesus sits between Mary and John on a globe with God the Father and the dove of the Holy Spirit floating on top . On the north wall of the choir he painted St. Augustine of Hippo , namesake of the St. Märgener Canons, on the south wall another saint, probably John of the Cross . To the left of Augustine crouches the boy who said to him after his “ Confessiones ”: “Great, lay - take (the Holy Scriptures) and read”.

The altars were created by the carpenter Thomas Hechinger (1742–1790) from Oberhausen in collaboration with the sculptor Matthias Faller .

  • Sculptures in the choir and altars

  • Dionysius

  • Left side altar

  • High altar

  • Right side altar

  • Nicholas

Upper image of the high altar

In the high altar, two blue marbled columns frame Pfunner's “holy walk ” on each side , with Mary and Joseph leading their child in the middle. In the upper picture, the four continents known at the time pay homage to the Jesus monogram IHS : front left Europe “as a light-skinned, blond ruler with muslin coat ”, front right Asia as “his antipode dressed in a Turkish turban, a sultan”, in the background “the still uncivilized and from the point of view of the Europeans inferior, therefore half-naked and dark-skinned continents ”, left America, right Africa. The Christ monogram and a cross standing on it are surrounded by a halo. Red jagged lightning strikes the devil dragon from the cross. Faller's angels and putti play around the tabernacle .

In the left side altar, a dark red marbled column frames a picture of St. Blaise with his two crossed candles. Saint Sebastian is depicted above. In the right side altar of the same design, the columns frame a picture of Saint Barbara with a chalice and host, the sword of her martyrdom next to her. In the upper picture, St. Gertrude, patroness of the Wellingen Church, carries the abbess's staff as a nun .

Only the frames of two Faller's sculptures on the choir wall are preserved of the baroque stucco. On the left is a statue of St. Dionysius of Paris with a miter and crosier and a second head - his own severed head, also wearing a miter - on his left arm. On the right, symmetrical to Dionysius, there is a statue of St. Nicholas of Myra with a miter and crosier and a tray with the three gold balls on the right hand, with which he saved the daughters of a poor family from prostitution. Preciously decorated reliquaries are attached to the wall below the figures. St. Nicholas as the protector of the children complements the representation of the "holy walk" in the high altar sheet. Like Blasius, Barbara and Sebastian, Dionysius was one of the "helpers in need" who were often called upon in distress and were therefore often depicted in churches.

On the right wall of the nave there are two sculptures on consoles that were repurchased in the 1950s, a Saint Blaise from around 1740 and a Saint Gertrude from Faller's workshop from around 1765.

  • Stations of the Cross

  • Jesus is condemned to death Mk 15.1-15  EU

  • Veronica gives Jesus the handkerchief

  • Jesus dies on the cross Mk 15,33-41  EU

  • Jesus is taken from the cross and placed in his mother's lap Mk 15,42-46  EU

  • The body of Jesus is laid in the grave, Mk 15.46-47  EU

A special feature of the church is the fourteen stations of the cross . The scenes are painted in enamel on tin signs in the style of the Nazarenes and apparently replaced Pfunner's pictures after 1838. The artist is unknown.

Rectory

  • Ceiling frescoes in the prelate hall

  • "Europe" on the bull and tiarage-crowned putto carrying the Pope's cross

  • "Asia" with a crescent moon, a turbulent figure and an Arabian stallion

  • Feast

  • "Africa" ​​with a lion and two negro children with a lance and a parasol

  • "America" ​​with a cornucopia and a crocodile

Prelate Hall: Immaculate and heraldic combination

The castle-like rectory with a two-storey volute gable is located east of the church next to the site of the destroyed parish barn. In the past, a connecting corridor led directly into the choir. The building preserves the baroque stucco and frescoes by Johann Pfunner in the “Prelate's Hall”. Pfunner painted a Maria immaculata in a stucco frame over the fireplace and above it a combination of the coats of arms of St. Märgen Monastery (Madonna and Child), its priory of Allerheiligen Monastery (Freiburg im Breisgau) (crossed keys) and Peter Glunk himself (a bird on a mountain ). The middle picture on the ceiling shows a banquet with two Augustinian canons, the one on the left could be a portrait of Abbot Peter Glunk. The corner pictures show the four continents known at the time.

Appreciation

St. Blasius, write Ahrens and Seiter, was a refuge for the people of Wyhl in times of war, epidemics and floods, when the high water stood in front of the church portal, the carved and painted saints were models and bearers of hope. The “holy walk”, the ceiling fresco in the choir and St. Nicholas would have indicated the importance of the family as the smallest unit of survival in need. At the same time, counter-Reformation ideas speak from the equipment . The focus is on the worship of Christ. In addition to the continents, numerous other figures paid homage to him. Dionysius and Nicholas as well as Augustine and John of the Cross in the choir are deliberately aligned with the altarpiece. Overall, it is a program that is otherwise only owned by larger churches. St. Blasius is directed not only to the common people, but also to the humanistically educated. The hall in the rectory confidently represents the claim to religious power that the church only suggests.

literature

  • Beatrix Ahrens, Josef Seiter: Parish Church of St. Blasius Wyhl at the Kaiserstuhl. Katholisches Bildungswerk, Wyhl 2008 ( digitized version ).
  • Franz Xaver Kraus , edited and edited by Max Wingenroth : Die Kunstdenkmäler des Großherzogthums Baden . Volume 6, 1 district of Freiburg. Verlag JCB Mohr, Tübingen and Leipzig 1904, pp. 243-244 ( digital copy ).
  • State archive directorate Baden-Württemberg in connection with the district Emmendingen (Ed.): The district Emmendingen. Volume 2.2. Community descriptions Reute to Wyhl. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-7995-1362-0 , pp. 889-907.
  • Fritz Späth: Wyhl am Kaiserstuhl then and now. 2nd Edition. Emil Wild Publishing House, Endingen 1984.

Web links

Commons : St. Blasius (Wyhl am Kaiserstuhl)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Liber decimationis cleri Constanciensis per Papa de anno 1275. In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 1, 1865, p. 205 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Wolfgang Müller: Studies on the history of the monasteries St. Märgen and Allerheiligen, Freiburg i. Br .. In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv , Volume 89 (1969), pp. 5–129, here p. 111 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Elisabeth Irtenkauf, Klaus Hog: The building history of the St. Märgen Monastery in the Black Forest embedded in the history of the monastery (approx. 1115-1860). Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2010, ISBN 978-3-89870-274-4 , pp. 194–196.
  4. ↑ Ahrens and Seiter 2008, p. 27.
  5. ↑ According to the State Archives Directorate 2001, the stucco dates from 1910.
  6. ↑ Elisabeth Irtenkauf, Klaus Hog: The building history of the St. Märgen Monastery in the Black Forest embedded in the history of the monastery (approx. 1115-1860). Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2010, ISBN 978-3-89870-274-4 , pp. 214-215.
  7. ↑ Ahrens and Seiter 2008, pp. 29–32.

Coordinates: 48 ° 10 '7.2 "  N , 7 ° 39" 0.1 "  E