Richard Engelmann (sculptor)

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Engelmann's grave in Freiburg-Günterstal (1953)

Richard Engelmann (born December 5, 1868 in Bayreuth , † September 11, 1966 in Kirchzarten ) was a German sculptor .

Life

After his studies and subsequent study visits, he was appointed professor at the University of Fine Arts in Weimar as head of the sculpture department in 1913 with the support of the Worpswede artist Fritz Mackensen . His students included u. a. the later Bauhaus designer Marianne Brandt . His summer house, built in Wartenberg in 1913 according to a plan by Henry van de Velde , is a listed building .

In 1930 he was removed from his office by the Volkish architect and academy director Paul Schultze-Naumburg . Since 1935 the German Jew Engelmann was banned from practicing the profession by the Reich Chamber of Fine Arts .

" ... because you are not Aryan and as such do not have the reliability and suitability required for the creation of German cultural assets. "

He spent the following years of National Socialism from 1936 in the seclusion of Kirchzarten in Baden near Freiburg. Because of his mixed marriage , he was not deported to the French Camp de Gurs as part of the Wagner-Bürckel campaign .

His supporters at the time included Walter Eucken , Heinrich Brenzinger and Wolfgang Hoffmann , an opponent of the National Socialists and later Lord Mayor . In this office, Hoffmann was also responsible for Engelmann receiving various commissions from the city of Freiburg as part of his rehabilitation after the Second World War . A discussion arose around the design of the Marienbrunnen, in the course of which Engelmann was again denied that it was suitable for creating a work:

"... as standing outside the Catholic Church, not suitable for performing such a figure."

He died on September 11, 1966 at the age of 97 and is buried with his wife Frieda Engelmann (1890–1973), who died seven years later, at the Freiburg Günterstal cemetery. His estate, which the Freiburg museums had rejected, has been administered by the Bauhaus University Weimar since 1997 . Part of it has been in the possession of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives since 1995 .

On February 3, 2019, an episode of the NDR's Lieb & Teuer program was broadcast, moderated by Janin Ullmann and filmed in Reinbek Castle . Three sculptures by Engelmann were discussed with the art historian Stephan Schwarzl.

Works

One of Engelmann's early works is the war memorial for the fallen in World War I in Apolda , which contained a bronze Pietà , and the one in Vacha from 1929. However, the monument in Apolda was dismantled by the National Socialist city councils overnight in 1941 and abandoned for scrapping while which still exists in Vacha today. It depicts the impressive bronze figure of a dying youth, a very rare motif for the time.

Around 1914 he created a fountain monument for the poet Ernst von Wildenbruch on behalf of an association in Weimar . It was removed in 1976 because of the inscription “I don't fight to attack, but to defend”. In the meantime, however, the fountain is again near the prince's crypt .

He created his relief of Christ Carrying the Cross at the grave of the Wieman-Grothaus family at the Johannisfriedhof in Osnabrück and a putto for it in 1919. The writer Bernard Wieman and the actor Mathias Wieman , among others, were buried in this cemetery.

Most of his works can be found in Freiburg im Breisgau . Some of them were made before the world wars, including Crouching Girl (around 1913/14), a copy of which is in the courtyard of the Old University, while the original is in the garden of the Villa Schulenburg in Gera , built by Henry van de Velde . Even Flora and girl with sponge was created in 1906, but is only since 1946 at the Freiburg Heinrich Rosenberg Square.

A year later, Hoffmann discovered a small statue of the Madonna in Engelmann's studio, which made a great impression on him. He campaigned in the local council to put up a large copy of it on the square in front of the Stühlinger Herz-Jesu-Kirche . Despite heated discussions, the fountain was opened on October 17, 1954 in the presence of the artist.

In addition to two busts ( An die Kunst and Max Reger ) in the foyer of the Freiburg theater , which Hoffmann had restored very quickly after the war, Engelmann's works can be found in some Freiburg cemeteries: The mourner has been remembering the victims of the air raids in the main cemetery since 1951 Freiburg. There is a memorial for Alexander Gumprecht at the St. Georgen cemetery and a tomb for Engelmann's grandson Matthias Pieske at the Kappeler cemetery, which contains a small version of the mourners . In 1953 Engelmann created the bust that adorns the unframed grave of him and his wife in the Günterstal cemetery .

Other works from Freiburg are The Waiting from 1926, which has been in the Stadtgarten since 1950 , and The old scholar at the regional council.

His works in other cities include the sculpture girl at the Berliner Kunststeinwerke in Berlin-Tempelhof and in Görlitz the sculpture reclining with harp of the art fountain in the city hall garden and the sculpture Despair in the city park.

From 1913 to 1930 Engelmann created a series of portrait busts a. a. by Admiral Reinhard Scheer , Felix Graf Luckner , he portrayed the painter Arnold Böcklin , Ernst Haeckel and his friend Walter Eucken .

  • Flora , Heinrich-Rosenberg-Platz Freiburg (1906)

  • Crouching girl , inner courtyard of the Old University of Freiburg (1913/14)

  • Ernst-von-Wildenbruch Memorial, Weimar (1914)

  • Waiting , Stadtgarten Freiburg (1926)

  • War memorial in Vacha (1929)

  • Fountain figure Maria , Stühlinger Kirchplatz (1936)

  • The Mourners , Freiburg Main Cemetery (1951)

  • The slumbering , Schrevenpark, Kiel

  • Sculpture Despair in the city park in Görlitz

Honors

literature

  • Eckart Pieske: The killing everyday life. Depicted on the fate of the sculptor Richard Engelmann and his family. In: Teaching and Learning. 6 (1980) H. 12, pp. 20-50.
  • Karsten Weber: A Franconian in Thuringia and Baden. In: Badische Heimat . 68th year, 1988, pp. 611-615.
  • Gitta Günther , Wolfram Huschke, Walter Steiner (eds.): Weimar. Lexicon on city history. Weimar 1998, ISBN 3-7400-0807-5 , S. #.
  • Michael Klant: Richard Engelmann. Human dignity. In: Michael Klant (Ed.): Sculpture in Freiburg. 20th century art in public spaces. Freiburg 1998, ISBN 3-922675-76-X , pp. 56-59.
  • Silke Opitz: The two “crouching girls” by the sculptor Richard Engelmann. To the original in the garden of the Villa Schulenburg built by Henry van de Velde in Gera and its Freiburg replica. In: Badische Heimat . 76th year, 1996, pp. 565-571
  • Silke Opitz: A gentleman artist. Life and work of the sculptor Richard Engelmann. Weimar 2000 (also dissertation Bauhaus-Universität 2000) ISBN 3-89739-141-4
  • Peter Franz: Ordinary fascism. About the everyday rule of the "National Socialists" in a German medium-sized town (Apolda). Series: wanted 4 Save the past for the future !, Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-935275-00-5 , S. #.
  • Ute Scherb: "We get the monuments we deserve". Freiburg monuments in the 19th and 20th centuries. Freiburg 2005, ISBN 3-923272-31-6 , pp. 201-205.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung on Richard Engelmann and Henry van de Velde , accessed on February 24, 2018
  2. ^ Karsten Weber: A Franconian in Thuringia and Baden. In: Badische Heimat . 68th year, 1988 p. 611.
  3. ↑ a b c d Ursula Grässlin: Much fuss about the Madonna from the Marienbrunnen. In: Bürgererverein Stühlinger: Life in the Stühlinger. 2008
  4. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation. Volume 1, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 52.
  5. ^ So city councilor Franz Schneller ( Free Voters' Group ) in the municipal council meeting on June 9, 1954, cf. Silke Opitz: The two “crouching girls” by the sculptor Richard Engelmann. To the original in the garden of the Villa Schulenburg built by Henry van de Velde in Gera and its Freiburg replica. In: Badische Heimat. 76, 1996, p. 569.
  6. ^ T 1 Engelmann estate, Richard II in the Baden-Württemberg State Archives, accessed on May 28, 2010.
  7. ↑ Video watercolor of the Colloseum in Rome on ndr.de
  8. ↑ Information about the episode on ndr.de
  9. ↑ Olaf Ditzel: The Johanneskirche parish church in Vacha. 2004, p. #.
  10. ↑ Monuments in Weimar. weimar.de, archived from the original on February 14, 2008 ; Retrieved November 21, 2012 .
  11. ↑ Silke Opitz: The two "crouching girls" by the sculptor Richard Engelmann. To the original in the garden of the Villa Schulenburg built by Henry van de Velde in Gera and its Freiburg replica. In: Badische Heimat. 76, 1996, p. 569.
  12. ^ Street names - www.freiburg.de - culture and leisure / city history / street names. Retrieved April 15, 2020 .

Web links

Commons : Richard Engelmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Engelmann, Richard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH December 5, 1868
PLACE OF BIRTH Bayreuth
DATE OF DEATH September 11, 1966
Place of death Kirchzarten