Kybfelsen Castle
| Kybfelsen Castle | ||
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 Northern rock head with a neck ditch in front |
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| Creation time : | late 11th to early 12th centuries | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location | |
| Conservation status: | small remains of the wall | |
| Place: | Freiburg im Breisgau - Günterstal - "Kibfelsen" | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 57 '38.6 " N , 7 ° 53' 5.9" E | |
| Height: | 820.8 m above sea level NN | |
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The castle on the Kybfelsen is an Outbound Spur castle in the field of independent city Freiburg in Baden-Wuerttemberg .
Geographical location
The small remains of Kybfelsen Castle are 820.8 m above sea level. NN on a ridge between today's Freiburg districts Günterstal and Kappel . About 2 kilometers from Günterstal Abbey and about 500 meters above the valley, the castle rises on a freely visible, steep gneiss rock . Today a popular excursion destination, the castle site offers a spacious panoramic view that extends from the Feldberg to the Schönberg in the west, to the Schauinsland in the south, into the Kappler valley and far into the Breisgau Bay .
history
A spur castle on the Cybfelsen is mentioned in the chronicle of Matthias von Neuenburg from the middle of the 14th century. The name "Kyburg" appears for the first time in 1484 in the Weistum von Kappel. Finds from excavations at the castle site in the 1920s by O. Kantorowicz prove the existence of the facility as early as the time of the Zähringer rule in Breisgau in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. Reading pottery finds , which can be dated to the 12th and early 13th centuries, complete the view of the period of use of the fortified square. More recent surface finds also point to an early, at least temporary, Bronze Age settlement of the rock. There is no reliable information about the exact time of foundation or the builder or owner of the castle. A connection with the Counts of Kyburg , whose dominance was in what is now northern and eastern Switzerland, is now considered questionable. Based on the existing finds, the end of the castle is assumed in the first half of the 13th century.
description
The small castle complex rose on two rocks that are connected by a narrow mountain ridge . From the northern rock head to the somewhat flatter elevation in the south, it stretched over a length of about 70 meters, while in the south it reached its maximum width of about 30 meters. On this southern access side, it was protected by a wide wall, of which only the smallest remains can be seen in the ground. Bounded on the east side by a so-called "east building", which is no longer detectable today, it leaned against the rising rock face in the south-west, which ends in an artificially leveled, platform-like area on the tip of the spur. Traces of the foundations as well as a section of wall that was put back on indicate a possibly tower-like structure, referred to as the “south tower” in the floor plan of Kantorowicz from 1929. The narrow connecting ridge to the northern rock head was flanked on the west side by a long section of wall, which was still clearly visible in the 1920s, but now seems to have completely crumbled. On the east side, the natural rockfall was probably sufficient protection; There is no evidence for the existence of an east wall. Remnants of masonry have been preserved mainly on the northern rock head. At its highest point, traces of an 8-meter-wide tower stump with up to 2-meter thick masonry can still be seen. In front of it is a natural crevice 12 meters deep and 3.5 meters wide with an artificially hewn floor, which obviously took on the function of a neck ditch .
literature
- Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz (eds.): The castles in the medieval Breisgau, I. Northern part: half volume AK . In: archeology and history. Freiburg research on the first millennium in southwest Germany, issue 14 . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2003, ISBN 3-7995-7364-X , pp. 179-185.
Web links
- Entry on Cybfelsen in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Kybfelsen Castle at badische-seiten.de