Stegen-Weiler Castle

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View from the northeast
West facade of the palace chapel

The Castle Stegen-Weiler was the latest from the Middle Ages until the abolition of serfdom , a mansion in the church today webs on the northern edge of the Dreisamtal , a few hundred meters south of the Dreisam inflow Eschbach . Today (2020) the St. Sebastian College is on the site . As a castle in the strict sense, the native of the Baroque main building is now called.

history

Around the year 1000 the Einsiedeln monastery owned land on the northern edge of the Dreisam valley between Ebnet in the west via the town of Eschbach to the Ibenbach , a tributary of the Wagensteigbach , in the east, i.e. in the area of ​​today's Stegen. Presumably as bailiffs of the Einsiedeln monastery, the lords of Weiler gained influence here. They later became ministerials of the dukes of Zähringen and are named in the Rotulus Sanpetrinus in 1112 and 1113 , where Reginhard de Wilare, Reinhard von Weiler, donations from Duke Berthold III. to the monastery of St. Peter in the Black Forest and Wido de Wilare attested a consecration of the monastery. The von Falkenstein family emerged from the von Weiler family in the 12th century , but people with the von Weiler's name are still mentioned , for example as councilors of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau , most recently Hans Ulrich Meyer von Wyler, who became mayor of Freiburg in 1464 and 1480 died without male offspring. His daughter married Hans von Reischach († around 1524).

Around this time the Stegen area belonged to Upper Austria , and Archduke Siegmund enfeoffed Hans von Reischach with the rule of Weiler. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Reischachs built a fortified castle on the site of the Meierhof. The castle chapel dedicated to St. Sebastian also dates from this time at the latest ; a window ledge of the chapel bore - no longer visible today - the year 1504. The services were held by priests of the parish of St. Gallus (Kirchzarten) and the monastery of St. Peter as well as from 1786, after Eschbach was ecclesiastically removed from St. Gallus Priests of the local parish of St. James . The name Stegen appears for the first time during the Reischach period , probably from Stegen about the three origins of Rotbach and Wagensteigbach, which are united here : "On the Zinstag after St. Gallentag in the fifteen hundred and ten years after custom and tradition, Dinggericht [...] was held [...] to Yben and Stegen with an early, comfortable rate, especially with the knowledge and will of the noble and strict Lord von Reyschach. "

  • The castle from 1500 to 1900

  • From the Sebastians panel, 1st half of the 16th century

  • From the Sebastians board, redrawing by Eduard Schuster around 1900

  • From the ceiling painting by Joseph Schultis from 1893–1894

  • Drawing by Eduard Schuster around 1900

When Eucharius von Reischach died in 1596 without a male heir, Emperor Rudolf II. Weiler gave the archducal secretary Dr. Justinian Moser († 1633) to fiefdom, who has called himself Justinian Moser von Weiler since then. Weiler stayed with the Moser zu Weiler family for a good hundred years. The castle, destroyed in the Thirty Years War , was rebuilt by Maria Clara Anna Moserin zu Weyler († 1657) and her children over the mighty cellars that had been preserved.

Having fallen home again , Weiler came to Johann Friedrich von Kageneck (1633–1705), who also owned Munzingen and who built and lived in Munzingen Castle , “with justice, slopes, buildings, forest, fields, mats, etc.” in 1702 . The Counts of Kageneck played "a leading role in [Freiburg] as in the entire Upper Austrian Breisgau , until the Peace of Pressburg in 1805 put an abrupt end to the traditional situation and a new era began for the previously leading nobility on the Upper Rhine". However, the Kagenecks of the 18th century avoided the structurally poor Weiler Castle. Only the founder of the Stegen line, Philipp Joseph von Kageneck (1788–1850), from the fourth generation after Johann Friedrich, moved to Weiler. In 1841–1843 he had the old fortifications and farm buildings torn down, new buildings erected and a third floor added to the baroque castle. The castle chapel was also restored. She received neo-Gothic altars. Philipp Joseph's grandson Maria Franz Xaver Philipp Joseph (1860–1895) and Ernst Maximilian Philipp (1861–1946) had the chapel restored one more time to celebrate the primacy of the latter in 1893–1894. "The neo-Gothic altars, which had only been created 50 years earlier, are being replaced by old-Gothic winged altars that the two count's brothers acquired with a keen sense at an art auction in Munich."

The Stegen line of the Kagenecks
Alliance coat of arms Kageneck and Sickingen on the main portal of the castle

In 1928, after the death of his brother and sister-in-law Catharina Wilhelmine geb. von Linden (1863–1926), Ernst Maximilian Philipp leased the property to the Freiburg training center founded in 1927 for the Sacred Heart Priests . During the Second World War soldiers were quartered, later children from the Ruhr area and bomb victims, not least victims of the air raid on Freiburg on November 27, 1944, were housed. After the war, a grammar school was established, which initially only took students to secondary school , from 1966 to high school, and since 1966 has been called "Kolleg St. Sebastian" after the patron of the chapel. Little by little, the Sacred Heart priests bought the property from the Kagenecks. In addition to other redesigns and expansions, a new Herz-Jesu parish church was built on the site from 1959 to 1961 for the parish curate (since 1970 parish) of Stegen, which was separated from St. Jakobus (Eschbach) in 1958 . The chapel was repaired in 1970, 1982–1983 and most recently 1997–2000. In 1999 the Sacred Heart Priests handed over their school to the school foundation of the Archdiocese of Freiburg , to which they left the premises and buildings free of charge.

Profane buildings

The main building, the castle in the narrower sense, on the extensive, partly park-like, partly walled area date from the time up to the Kagenecks, to the southeast of it the chapel and further to the east that built by the Kagenecks, since it was used by the Herz -Jesu priest so-called Brüderhaus, further north outside of the walls, beyond the Stegener Hauptstrasse that built also by the Kagenecks aunts . The castle now houses the clearing house for Catholic parishes of the Archdiocese of Freiburg as well as private apartments, the aunt's house also private apartments. In aunt's house some time Heinrich Maximilian Edmund Philipp Franz Xaver Maria lived from Kageneck (1886-1957), with which the Stegener line became extinct. Above the entrances to the castle and the aunts house is the Kageneck coat of arms, a silver sloping bar in the red shield. The castle entrance shows the baroque alliance coat of arms of the local lord Joseph Anton von Kageneck (1701–1747) and his wife Luzia Josepha von Sickingen (1703–1751), daughter of the Electoral Palatinate Conference Minister Johann Ferdinand von Sickingen († 1719). Joseph Anton von Kageneck had a reputation for great piety and charity towards the poor.

Castle chapel

building

Castle Chapel Stegen-Weiler 3179.jpg

It is the oldest, essentially medieval building in the complex. Under canon law it belongs to the Roman Catholic parish Herz Jesu of the pastoral care unit Dreisamtal . From west to east, the nave is lined up with two ogival windows in the side walls, the retracted, straight-closing choir with an ogival window in the side walls and a sacristy added from 1982–1983 . A roof turret, in the late medieval pictures roughly in the middle of the nave, now stands over the west end. In the west facade, bordered on both sides by buttresses placed at an angle, the pointed arched portal opens, above a round window and finally the high roof turret with clock and belfry. On the south wall lean next to a neo-Gothic personification of Fides , Faith, the heavily worn grave slabs of Maria Clara Anna Moser and Christian Moser, who died in 1702, above a sandstone plaque with the inscription: “In memory of the Moser family buried here and all families of the Weiler zu Stegen estate, who have preserved and decorated this castle chapel over the course of 700 years. Stegen 1982 The Sacred Heart Priests. "

The single-nave room has a travertine floor from 1970 and, since the renovation from 1893-1894, a brown, wooden coffered ceiling with a round picture of St. Sebastian by Joseph Schultis, probably the same painter who worked in the Freiburg Loretto Chapel in 1902 . Sebastian, two arrows and a palm branch in his left hand, holds his coat protectively over Schloss Stegen-Weiler with his right. Behind the triumphal arch , the choir opens with a ribbed vault on services , the capitals of which seem to be modeled on those of the wall arcades of the portal vestibule of the Freiburg Minster and how the keystone with the coat of arms of the Kagenecks could have been created during their renovations.

  • Ship's window

  • left rear

  • right behind

  • left front

  • right front

The glass windows in the side walls were created by Lorenz Helmle (1783–1849) from Breitnau , who with his brother Andreas Helmle (1784–1839) also designed several windows in the Freiburg Minster. Alfred Erhart , art teacher at the St. Sebastian College from 1972, wrote: “He and his brother Andreas were among the first to rediscover the art of glass painting, which had been forgotten since the 16th century, in the age of Romanticism. In terms of content, the windows provide a short version of the family history of the lord of the castle, as it should be for a stately chapel. Certain technical imperfections, combined with the greatest care in detail, give the windows a special charm. ”The Stegen windows are missing in the catalog raisonné of the Helmles by Daniel Parello.

Sebastian table

The window on the left in the back of the ship, crowned by the Kageneck coat of arms like all of them, reports on the renovation: “The restoration and new construction of this Weyler began in 1841 and was completed in 1843, under Count Philipp v. Kageneck, and the management of the stately conductor Matthias Heizler von Stegen. ”Lorenz Helmle signed the window on the lower right. The window opposite lists the Philipp Joseph von Kagenecks family. The windows in the front of the nave show kneeling knights in armor, on the left Arbogast von Kageneck, killed in 1499 in the Battle of Dornach , on the right Stephan von Kageneck, killed in the Battle of Sempach in 1396 , both battles in the conflict between the Swiss Confederation and the Habsburgs .

The western round window contains a Lamb of God by Benedikt Schaufelberger (1929–2011), also an art teacher at the St. Sebastian College.

In the front right of the nave, a cross in the floor marks the crypt in which Maria Franz Xaver Philipp von Kageneck and his wife Catharina Wilhelmine rest. In a stone plaque on the wall above it is inscribed under the coat of arms and the motto “IN VALORE VIRTUS” - “GOTT WALTET”: “HERE REST IN GOTT FRANZ XAVER REICHSGRAF VON KAGENECK KGL BAYR KNIGHT ORDER OF HL GEORG GEB ZV FREIBVRG 19 JVLI WEYLER 30 MAY 1895 VND HIS GRASS WILHELMINE REICHSGRAEFIN VON KAGENECK GB GRAEFIN VON LINDEN GEB ZV NUERNBERG 21 JUNE 1863 GEST ZV BADEN 25 MARCH 1926 † RJP. "

Movable equipment

The only medieval piece of movable furnishings that originally belonged to the chapel is an altar panel from the first half of the 16th century. It hangs in the front left of the ship and shows St. Sebastian standing, clad only in a loincloth and studded with five arrows, tied to a tree trunk. At his feet are henchmen in Landsknecht costume, while from the right, heavily circumcised, a scepter-bearer rides on a white horse. An angel with a red martyr's crown hovers from above. On the sides, however, the painter has placed three Dreisamtäler locations, each named with their name: Kirchzarten on the right, Wiesneck Castle east of Stegen on the top left and Weiler Castle on the bottom left in the Middle Ages.

The altars are compositions of the 19th century. “As described, the two brothers Franz Xaver and Philipp Ernst von Kageneck [...] bought sculptures and panel paintings of various origins and quality, but all from around 1500, with great taste from the art trade in Munich and these were supplemented by Neo-Gothic ingredients such as tendrils and pinnacles can be combined to form the impressive whole of the three shrine altars that we still have in front of us today. "

  • Left side altar

  • High altar

  • Predella of the high altar

  • Right side altar

The left side altar shows Sebastian once again as sculptures in the shrine, next to it the holy bishop Wolfgang von Regensburg with bishop's staff and church model, on the front of the painted wings on the left Saint Catherine of Alexandria with sword and wheel and Saint Odilia with two eyes on one Book, on the right St. Barbara of Nicomedia with her tower and St. Mary Magdalene with her ointment vessel. The backs are also painted. Angels hold Veronica's handkerchief on the predella .

In the shrine on the right side altar, two winged putti crown an almost sculptural Madonna. The wings show in reliefs on the left a saint with an oil lamp, on the right Saint Afra of Augsburg on a burning pile of wood. The predella with the tabernacle and two angels is an ingredient of the 19th century. If the saint meant Lucia of Syracuse by the oil lamp , that would be unique in German art. “The meaning of the lamp as an attribute of St. Lucia cannot be doubted. She is a speaking attribute, pictorial representation of her name (Lucia = Lux). "

In the shrine of the main altar there is "the expressive carving of the crucified, whose loincloth swings out in different directions". The painted wings show Saint George defeating the dragon from left to right , Pope Urban I with tiara and grapes, Christophorus carrying the baby Jesus, and Anthony the Great with a book and a bell on his staff. The predella contains a mount of olives group .

literature

  • Márcio Antônio Auth: Foundation of the Sacred Heart Priests in Freiburg im Breisgau. Admission thesis for the theological diploma. Freiburg 2007.
  • Eberhard Breckel: Contributions to the Stegen Chronicle. In: Kolleg St. Sebastian Stegen (ed.): 50 Years of the Sacred Heart Priests in Stegen 1929–1979 ( online at stegen-dreisamtal.de ).
  • Heinrich Julius Count v. Kageneck: History of the Count's Family v. Kageneck. Private print 1870.
  • Franz Xaver Kraus (Ed.): The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden . District of Freiburg Land. Tübingen and Leipzig, Verlag JCB Mohr 1904, pp. 353-356 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library ).
  • Josef runner: St. Jakobus Eschbach. Published by the parish of St. Jakobus, Eschbach 1990.
  • Bernhard Mangei: Formation of rule by royalty, church and nobility between the Upper Rhine and the Black Forest. Dissertation Freiburg 2003 ( digital copy from the University of Freiburg ).
  • Manfred Müller: The castle chapel in Stegen-Weiler. Hannes Oefele Verlag, Ottobeuren (Allgäu), 1987.
  • Eduard Schuster: The castles and palaces of Baden, p. 215. Verlag der Hofbuchhandlung Friedrich Gutsch, Karlsruhe 1909.
  • State Archive Administration Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Stegen. In: Freiburg im Breisgau - Stadtkreis and Landkreis - Official district description Volume II Second half volume, pp. 1043–1057. Freiburg im Breisgau 1974.
  • Maximilian Walter: History of the community of Stegen from the beginning to 1920. Edited by Wendelin Duda. Freiburg Echo Verlag Wendelin Duda, Stegen 2002. ISBN 3-86028-856-3 ( online at stegen-dreisamtal.de ). Maximilian Walter, Mayor of Stegen from 1909 to 1935, ended his local history in 1920. It remained unprinted until 2002.
  • Max Weber: The Kirchzarten story. In: Günther Haselier (Ed.): Kirchzarten. Geography - past - present. Self-published by the Kirchzarten community in 1966, pp. 57–528.
  • Roland Weis: Castles in the Black Forest . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2019, ISBN 978-3-7995-1368-5 , pp. 216-219.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Website of the college. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  2. ↑ Mangei 2003, p. 161 and map p. 219.
  3. ↑ Jutta Krimm-Beumann: The oldest goods registers of the St. Peter monastery in the Black Forest. Kohlhammer-Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-17-021794-2 , here the documents R 12 and R 106 .
  4. ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book. Three volumes. Carl Winter's University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1898–1919. Here Volume 3, p. 481 ( digital copy from Heidelberg University Library ).
  5. ^ Staatliche Archivverwaltung, p. 1049. After Max Weber in 1966 and Manfred Müller in 1987, Hans von Reischach married the widow, not the daughter of Hans Ulrich Meyer von Wyler.
  6. ↑ Müller 1987, p. 3, and Walter 2002, p. 78.
  7. ↑ Runner 1990.
  8. ↑ Walter 2002, pp. 39 and 175.
  9. ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch: Upper Baden gender book. Three volumes. Carl Winter's University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1898–1919. Here Volume 2, p. 120 ( digital copy from Heidelberg University Library ).
  10. ^ State Archives Administration, p. 1050.
  11. ↑ Breckel 1979.
  12. ↑ Kageneck 1870.
  13. ↑ Weber 1966, p. 289.
  14. ↑ Geneall .
  15. ↑ Müller 1987, p. 7.
  16. ↑ Geneall. Internet genealogy is not complete. For example, in addition to their son Benedict Philipp Maximilian, Philipp Joseph had four daughters. S. Kageneck 1870.
  17. ^ Website of the training center. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  18. ↑ The new Herz-Jesu-Kirche Stegen. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
  19. ^ The life of Heinrich Graf von Kageneck. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
  20. ^ Johann Franz Capellini von Wickenburg : Thesaurus Palatinus , Heidelberg, 1752, Volume 1, pp. 351–352 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library ).
  21. ↑ Herz Jesu Stegen. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  22. ↑ Kraus 1904: The choir vault is "of the latest date".
  23. ↑ quoted in Müller 1987, p. 14.
  24. ^ Daniel Parello: From Helmle to Geiges. City archive Freiburg im Breisgau 2000. ISBN 3-00-006521-0 .
  25. ↑ a b c Müller 1987, p. 17.
  26. ↑ Joseph Braun: Costume and attributes of the saints in German art. JB Metzler, Stuttgart 1943.
  27. ↑ Müller 1987, p. 20.

Coordinates: 47 ° 59 ′ 1.4 "  N , 7 ° 57 ′ 41.7"  E