Höllental (Black Forest)

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Hell Valley
View from the Falkenstein ruins into the Höllental

View from the Falkenstein ruins into the Höllental

location Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany
Waters Rotbach
Mountains Southern Black Forest
Geographical location 47 ° 56 '6 "  N , 8 ° 1' 46"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 56 '6 "  N , 8 ° 1' 46"  E
Höllental (Baden-Württemberg)
Hell Valley
length approx. 9 km
Template: Infobox Glacier / Maintenance / Image description missing

The Höllental is a deeply cut, partly gorge-like valley in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ).

The approximately nine-kilometer-long valley is located in the Southern Black Forest Nature Park, about 18 km southeast of Freiburg im Breisgau between Hinterzarten and Buchenbach - Himmelreich . The Rotbach (initially called Höllenbach ) flows through it. The narrower western part of the valley belongs to Buchenbach, the eastern part to Breitnau .

Emergence

The main ridge of the Black Forest from the southeast with the cut of the Höllental (right)

The Höllental is one of the valleys in the Black Forest that cut through the asymmetrical ridge line of the mountains from the plateau-like eastern roof to the steep western slope. The valley lies in the course of the Bonndorfer Graben , which describes the line Kaiserstuhl - Wutachschlucht - Hegau - Bodensee . In addition to this tectonically induced depression, the repeated plateau glaciation of the Feldberg Glacier , whose ice reservoirs may have overflowed to the west over the lowered ridge line, is another possible cause. The source streams east of the ridge line therefore initially flow south-east, and then turn almost 180 ° to the north-east into the actual Höllental, a situation similar to that at the Malojapass in the Engadin .

Valley course

Upper valley section with Höllentalbahn and - now three-lane - Höllentalsteige (before 1900)

Below the high valley basins of Hinterzarten, the federal road 31 winds in partly spectacular hairpin bends, known as the Kreuzfelsenkurve , into the head of the former glacier valley. The Kerbtal of the Löffeltal s (formerly wooden spoon manufacture) with the Zartenbach flows into this basin with the hamlet Höllsteig south of the road . To the north of this, the Ravennaschlucht with several waterfalls opens under the Ravenna viaduct of the Höllentalbahn . In addition, the Bistenbach and the Alpersbach plunge into waterfalls from the south (see also the list of waterfalls in Germany ). The following U-shaped profiled valley section with up to 600 meters high steep slopes (and four-lane road) is followed by a gorge section with up to 130 meters towering rock walls, also called Höllenpass , after the Hirschsprung train station . The narrowest, gorge-like point is known as the Hirschsprung and was originally only nine meters wide. After the rock with the Falkenstein ruins , the valley widens slightly and gives space to the houses and farms of Falkensteig . At the Himmelreich train station , the Höllental opens up suddenly into the Zartener Basin .

Hell valleys wind

A regional wind , which, as a mountain wind, supplies the Freiburg city center with fresh air, is named after the Höllental. However, only part of the cold air flowing from the Black Forest to Freiburg comes from the Höllental. Its mountain wind combines with the cold air currents from the other side valleys of the Zartener Basin and, accelerated through the Ebnet bottleneck at the basin exit, flows over the Freiburg urban area into the Freiburg Bay of the Upper Rhine Plain .

Flora and fauna

The only larger occurrence of the European yew tree in Baden-Württemberg is in the Höllental, with almost 150 specimens . It could have served as the namesake of the village Ibental and other places in the area.

Traffic significance

The valley only acquired the outstanding importance of the Höllental for long-distance traffic to the relatively low Hinterzartener Sattel (approx. 910 m) after extensive traffic construction. At first the cart path through the more northerly wagon path was more important. From at least the 12th century , the Falkensteige , a path built by the Zähringers between Freiburg im Breisgau and Donaueschingen , led through what was then known as the Falkensteiner Tal , what is now the Höllental. At the exit of the bottleneck, the path was protected by Falkenstein Castle , built by the von Falkenstein family , but later threatened. The widespread view that the road was only made road-like for Marie Antoinette's bridal trip is exaggerated. This expansion was only a matter of improvements directly to the rock gorge and some cosmetic repairs that took place between 1769 and 1770. The bottleneck in the Höllental had already been generously expanded in 1638 by 2000 French soldiers.

The Falkensteiner Valley became famous again after the withdrawal of French troops under General Moreau in 1796, as Val d'enfer , the name that has remained until today. As early as 1691, Leopold I referred to the narrowness of today's Hirschsprung as Hell when he was thinking about defending the Black Forest crossings. The name of the Ravennaschlucht is also considered to be of Romanesque origin; it corresponds to the French la ravine ( the gorge ). However, the name was created before the era of French dominance, as it can already be documented for the year 1560.

  • Passage of the revolutionary army in 1796

  • Hofgut Sternen with old Ravenna Bridge around 1900

  • Customs house in Höllental, replica at Hofgut Sternen

  • Road at the Höllenpass around 1900

The Höllentalbahn has been traveling the gorge since 1887 , initially with cogwheel operation. The gradient between the former stops is 1:18 or, as the train crew says: on the steep section 55 per thousand. The difference in altitude between the train stations Himmelreich and Hinterzarten is 441 m.

With further expansions, the gorge at the Hirschsprung was blown wider and wider. The traffic load on today's federal highway 31 led to plans to first replace the through-town of Falkensteig, then the gorge section and finally the hairpin bends at Höllsteig with tunnel construction. When the state government presented the list of priorities for inclusion in the 2015 Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan in November 2013, the Falkensteig tunnel planned for this only ranked sixth among the tunnel projects, which made it unlikely to be implemented in the next few years. In the resulting Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030 , this bypass is included as a further requirement with planning rights . The B 31 in Höllental has to be closed to traffic again and again for rock protection work or because of rock falls (2009), for example in 2010, 2015 and 2020. The diversion then often takes place uphill over the Spirzen and downhill over St. Märgen and St. Peter .

The hiking trail through the gorge base, the Jägerpfad , once belonged to the Black Forest cross-way between Freiburg and Lake Constance , which was led over the northern slopes of the valley because of the traffic on the road. The hunter trail has been closed since 2009. Due to the order by the responsible district office, the path is no longer open due to the risk of falling rocks and collapsing in the area of ​​the Hirschsprung.

Large waterfall in the Ravennaschlucht

Attractions

literature

  • Annika Lindenberg: The little book from Höllental . 3. Edition. Maienstein, Kirchzarten 2001, ISBN 3-932179-63-3 .
  • Werner Skrentny (Hrsg.): Regional and leisure guide Black Forest . VSA, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-87975-517-5 .
  • The Black Forest. Contributions to cultural studies . In: Ekkehard Liehl, Wolf Dieter Sick (Hrsg.): Publication of the Alemannic Institute Freiburg i. Br. 4th edition. tape 47 . Konkordia, Bühl 1989, ISBN 3-7826-0047-9 .
  • Wolfgang Kleiber: Romania submersa. New finds on the Gallo-Roman substrate in the Central Black Forest. In: Albrecht Greule / Hans-Walter Herrmann / Klaus Ridder / Andreas Schorr (eds.): Studies on literature, language and history in Europe. Röhrig, St. Ingbert 2008, ISBN 978-3-86110-436-0 .

Web links

Commons : Höllental  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Weather dictionary: Hell valleys. dwd.de , accessed on July 28, 2018 .
  2. ↑ The Man with the Deer ( Memento from May 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Badische Zeitung , January 28, 2011, accessed on February 13, 2011.
  3. ↑ a b "s'Ibetännle" has made itself rare in the forest ( memento from February 10, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), Badische Bauern Zeitung, July 11, 2009, accessed on February 13, 2011.
  4. ^ Triumphal Arch in Kaiserstraße ( memento from November 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Peter Kalchthaler , Badische Zeitung, May 3, 2010, accessed on December 30, 2010.
  5. ↑ Kingdom of Heaven and Hell Valley. Transport - history - dialect. A short trip on the federal highway 31 between Freiburg (A 5) and Geisingen (A 81). (PDF) In: rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de. Regional Council Freiburg , p. 3 , accessed on January 3, 2018 .
  6. ^ Johann Adam Kraus: Where does the name Ravenna in Höllental come from? A contribution to the discussion , in: Schau-ins-Land 99 (1980), p. 137f ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ).
  7. ↑ Stuttgart puts A5 expansion behind the Freiburg tunnel ( memento from February 20, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), Franz Schmider, Badische Zeitung, November 21, 2013, accessed on February 23, 2014.
  8. ↑ Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Baden-Württemberg : The future of road construction in Baden-Württemberg , November 20, 2013, accessed on February 23, 2014
  9. ↑ Project A860 / B31-G20-BW-T3-BW. In: Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2030. Retrieved on February 19, 2017 .
  10. ^ Karl-Heinz and Mirko Zurbonsen: Deer jump without deer. In: suedkurier.de. Südkurier, August 9, 2010, accessed December 12, 2011 (newspaper article).
  11. ↑ Karl-Heinz Zurbonsen: mountaineers clean the Hell Valley. In: suedkurier.de. Südkurier, September 29, 2010, accessed December 12, 2011 (newspaper article).
  12. ^ District of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald: Traffic artery: Security in Höllental has ended after five years - badische-zeitung.de. Retrieved January 1, 2016 .
  13. ↑ Sebastian Krüger & Markus Donner: The B 31 in Höllental will be closed for two weeks from June 22nd. Badische Zeitung, June 7, 2020, accessed on August 14, 2020 .
  14. ↑ Max Schuler: Höllental is open earlier than expected. Badische Zeitung, July 4, 2020, accessed on August 14, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Information from Tourist Information Hinterzarten on September 23, 2009