Southern Black Forest Nature Park

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Location of the nature park in Germany

The Southern Black Forest is an area of 3,940  square kilometers is the largest natural park in Germany .

geography

The nature park encompasses the southern Black Forest and areas in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg . Its area is in the urban district of Freiburg im Breisgau and the districts of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald , Emmendingen , Lörrach , Waldshut and Schwarzwald-Baar district .

location

The Southern Black Forest Nature Park extends in the north into parts of the Middle Black Forest near Elzach and Triberg (Schwarzwald-Baar district) and in the west as far as the Rhine in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, Freiburg im Breisgau and Lörrach districts, including the foothills in the Rhine plain .

In the south it encompasses the southern Black Forest up to the Rhine in the districts of Lörrach and Waldshut and in the east the Alb-Wutach area to Donaueschingen and Villingen-Schwenningen in the Schwarzwald-Baar district. The southern part of the Southern Black Forest Nature Park is the Klettgau , the Hotzenwald and the Dinkelberg , with the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald it extends into the Markgräflerland on the Upper Rhine . In the Randen and Upper Rhine area , German municipalities in the Upper Klettgau join the Swiss Schaffhausen Regional Nature Park , and the Aargau Jura Park begins near Laufenburg - both are among the Swiss parks of national importance . The German part of the Klettgau with the communities Klettgau (Erzingen), Hohentengen and Jestetten is not part of the Southern Black Forest Nature Park.

In the north it connects with the Black Forest Central / North Nature Park , which also includes the Black Forest National Park .

The administrative seat is the House of Nature in the municipality of Feldberg on the highest mountain in the Black Forest, the 1,493 m high Feldberg .

history

The Southern Black Forest Nature Park goes back to the former southern Black Forest model funding area, whose funding expired in 1997. Since plans were already in progress to develop the model into a nature park, the state of Baden-Württemberg extended its support until the Südschwarzwald e. V. on February 1, 1999 in Titisee-Neustadt , which is the sponsor of the nature park. Association members are the districts in the nature park as well as around 100 cities and municipalities, various associations, companies and private individuals. In 2005 and 2013 the area of ​​the nature park was expanded considerably.

Landscape and tourism

The beauty of the landscape prompted artists to work here at an early stage, and the pictures by artists from this area became known far beyond that. a. the artist family Winterhalder and Winterhalter , by Hans Thoma , Adolf Hildenbrand , Josua Leander Gampp and Hermann Daur as well as by poets and writers such as Joseph Victor von Scheffel , Johann Peter Hebel , August Ganther , Heinrich Hansjakob or Heinrich Ernst Kromer . Scientists such as Rudolf Metz and local historians such as Ferdinand Hasenfratz or Elmar Zimmermann have described and researched nature. The Black Forest Association creates hiking trails and rest areas, and in 2008 the Schluchtensteig was created . The winter sports received by the Southern Black Forest decisive impulses, a well-known sportsman Georg Thoma , founder of the Ski Museum Hinterzarten. Since the mid-1990s, tourism in the Black Forest has been experiencing a steady decline in visitors, and the number of overnight stays in the Freudenstadt district fell from 2.4 million in 1992 to 1.7 million in 2007.

Environmental influences

As long as there have been people, they have influenced the landscape through their work, be it through food acquisition or settlement. The land use is now only one of many problems. One of the current developments is the expansion of energy reserves , for example from wind turbines or storage power plants . The further expansion of the A98 will result in even more landscape consumption, the Klettgau in particular will be affected, the previously largely undeveloped plains between Waldshut and Schaffhausen are constantly being built on, and gravel is also being extracted here .

Attractions

Wutachlauffen at Lauchringen, the water falls over banks of shell limestone .
Stump of the Great Fir at Hohentengen

Significant natural monuments

The Belchen is the fourth highest point in the Black Forest and was placed under protection in 1949 because of its fauna and flora. In addition to rare butterflies and beetles, there are peregrine falcons and wood grouse. In the Erdmannshöhle there is a giant stalactite , the age of which is estimated at 135,000 years and which is entered in the Guinness Book of Records . In the Feldsee there is a type of prickly bream , which, besides the Feldsee, only occurs in the Titisee and is classified as endangered by the IUCN . South of the Feldsee lies the Feldberg , at an altitude of 1493 m above sea level. NN the highest point in the Black Forest. There is a network of hiking trails on the Herzogenhorn , the nature trail leading to the summit passes the Krunkelbachhütte . There is an observation tower on the Blauen , which was built in 1895 and renovated in 1984 with funds from the Deutsche Bundespost . The Hochkopf is located in the southern southern Black Forest. Originally a glacier lake, the Schluchsee , as it looks today, was created by the damming of the Schwarza in the early 1930s. With a maximum area of ​​5.14 km², the Schluchsee is the largest lake in the Black Forest. According to legend, the Titisee and the Ursee are connected underground. In addition to the Triberg waterfalls (the second highest waterfalls in Germany) there are around 50 other waterfalls in the southern Black Forest . In the Alb gorge from St. Blasien to Albbruck there is, among other things, the devil's kitchen and two castle ruins.

The Wutach Gorge is 60 to 135 meters deep. Sights in the gorge include the Stallegg river power station, which is a listed building, and the Stallegger Tanne . The Steina breaks an existing from Middle and Upper Muschelkalk in its course plaice . Because of this geological peculiarity, the section is designated as a geotope . The valley of the Schlücht consists of both narrow gorges, as well as broad valleys. The confluence of the Wutach in the Rhine is designated as a nature reserve, as the wetland is home to many different birds, amphibians and lizards. The big fir in Bergöschingen near Hohentengen on the Upper Rhine was originally 44 meters high before it was damaged by lightning in 2006 and had to be felled in 2008 due to safety concerns. With a circumference of 4.3 meters and an age of over 200 years, it was the mightiest tree in the Hohentengener Forest. The tree was sawn off three meters above the ground and the stump can be viewed today. At the Rheinau monastery there is a loop in the Rhine, in which the water is dammed up by the Rheinau power plant. Parts of the Upper Hotzenwald are designated as Natura 2000 areas, including several moors and heathland areas. Fossil ammonites from the Jura can be found in the Swiss Randen area , in the canton of Schaffhausen .

Major cities and towns

St. Blasien Cathedral

Major tourist cities in the Southern Black Forest Nature Park include Donaueschingen with the Catholic parish church of St. Johann , which is particularly striking because of its two onion domes. Several long-distance hiking trails, such as the Schluchtensteig, lead through Blumberg . In Freiburg im Breisgau there is an intact old town , with buildings such as the historic department store and the Freiburg Minster , the city's landmark. Two gates of the medieval city wall have been preserved, the Schwabentor and the Martinstor . The collection of the German Clock Museum in Furtwangen in the Black Forest comprises more than 8000 objects, of which around 1000 are on display. In St. Georgen in the Black Forest , the economy is focused on precision engineering and watchmaking, the German Phonomuseum shows its history. On the roof of the Schönauer Bergkirche there are photovoltaic systems that supply the church and community with solar power. The Hohenlupfen castle in Stühlingen was among more than 370 years the Fürstenbergs before it was sold 2011th The municipality of Hohentengen is located in the southernmost Black Forest, on the border with Switzerland. Rotwasserstelz Castle, located in the municipality, was first mentioned in a document in 1163. St. Blasien is known for its cathedral ; However, since the city is not a bishopric, the building, as a former monastery church, should be called Münster . The Hochfirstschanze in Titisee-Neustadt is the largest natural hill in Germany. A sled dog race has been held annually in Todtmoos since 1975 , including two world championships. The Todtnau summer toboggan run is the second longest in Germany with a length of 2700 meters . The largest cuckoo clock in the world is located near Triberg in the Black Forest , which is 15.3 meters high and can also be viewed from the inside. The medieval town center of Villingen (today Villingen-Schwenningen ) has largely been preserved, and the town fortifications built in the High Middle Ages still partially exist. In Waldshut-Tiengen standing Tiengen Castle . Originally built as a castle in the eleventh century, it was expanded into a castle in the 1560s.

Fauna and flora (selection and special features)

Stag's Tongue Fern at Wutachlauffen below the Lauffenmühle

In the Black Forest still coming capercaillie ago, some 600 specimens living in the Black Forest. The cuckoo is better known , and the crossbills sporadically cross the forest . Chamois were resettled in the 1930s . Wildcats live in the Kaiserstuhl to the west of the Black Forest ; it is hoped that they will spread again in the Black Forest. Red deer are rarely found, but roe deer and foxes are more common. In July and August, the bright yellow broom , also known as "ramsen" , blooms on the edges of the pastures , while its smaller subspecies, the common gorse or "ramsele" , blooms in high areas .

The habitat for butterflies is becoming more and more restricted by monocultures . The few years ago encountered Appollofalter will not happen more, however, is in the Black Forest Aurorafalter more often to be seen. Around the rain bogs there are the sundew and the fever clover and other extremely rare endemic species, such as the bream and in the forest floor the Baden giant earthworm , a giant earthworm adventure trail has been set up in his honor. Also endemic to the southern Black Forest are the Präger perinealers (a species of beetle) and the Baden spring snail (Bythinella badensis), a type of very small freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc from the Amnicolidae family. Snakes like the grass snake are abundant, a rare species that lives in the southern Black Forest is the aspis viper . Blindworms , mountain newts and salamanders also live in the Black Forest. The white fir is after the spruce is the most important tree for the Black Forest. The spruce forest is home to several types of mushrooms such as chanterelles and porcini mushrooms . However, these must not be collected in excessive quantities, one kilogram per person is allowed.

The silver thistle and yellow gentian grow on the dry meadows of the plateaus . They are also widespread on the poor meadows in the Klettgau, in a few locations, such as the Pulsatilla nature reserve in Dangstetten , the rare pasque flowers grow and the ram still flies . The real cowslip blooms in spring and orchids, the orchids, can be found in damp meadows . The yellow lady's slipper occurs in some places . The Turk's cap lily can also be found in a few places.

In the lakes, fish such as roach and perch are popular with anglers, as are the trout that live in the streams . As early as 1900, the English traveled to the streams and Black Forest rivers to fish. The Wutach and the Rhine are still popular anglers' paradises, but depending on the season, you can only catch eels , barbel or trout with a fishing license and a water license . For the noses that used to be common in the past, there are now strict dimensions . The salmon has been reintroduced into the Rhine in recent years and the number of returnees has increased steadily since then. In addition to crayfish , the rare jackdaw crab also lives in lakes and streams .

Occasional fallow deer have been settled for hunting , wild boars are also common, they know no borders and also swim through the Rhine. Lynx , wolves and brown bears have not yet been reintroduced, but live nearby (Alps, Vosges). Gray herons , beavers and cormorants can be found again on the rivers. There are also different species of falcon . Wild animals in natural surroundings can be observed, for example, in the Waldshut game reserve or in the Löffingen zoo.

See also

literature

  • Kurt FJ Sauer and Martin Schnetter (eds.): The Wutach: Natural history monograph of a river landscape. The nature and landscape protection areas of Baden-Württemberg . Vol. 6, 1971.
  • L. Erb, H. Gams, Th. Herzog, G. Lettau, E. Liehl, K. Müller, H. Ries, F. Rossmann, H. Stoll and W. Wundt: The Feldberg in the Black Forest. Scientific, agricultural, forestry, historical and settlement history studies on behalf of the Badisches Landesverein für Naturkunde und Naturschutz . 1948.
  • Ekkehard Liehl and Wolf Dieter Sick (eds.): The Black Forest: Contributions to regional studies . Publication of the Alemannic Institute Freiburg i. Brsg. No. 47, 1984, ISBN 3-7826-0047-9 .

Web links

Commons : Southern Black Forest Nature Park  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Southern Black Forest. naturparks.de, accessed on May 2, 2015 .
  2. ^ Ordinance of the Freiburg Regional Council on the "Southern Black Forest" nature park. (PDF; 361 kB) State of Baden-Württemberg , archived from the original on November 5, 2013 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  3. ↑ Imprint. naturpark-suedschwarzwald.de, archived from the original on August 20, 2012 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  4. ↑ Nature park plan for the Southern Black Forest Nature Park. (PDF; 6.6 MB) naturpark-suedschwarzwald.de, archived from the original on November 5, 2013 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  5. ↑ Hans Thoma. Hans-Thoma-Kunstmuseum, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  6. ^ Museum of St. Blasien. Tourismus.stblasien.de, archived from the original on November 5, 2013 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  7. ^ Culture: marginal notes on Käthe Kollwitz. suedkurier.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  8. ↑ August Ganther Fountain. oberkirch.de, accessed on May 13, 2017 .
  9. ^ Rudolf Metz: Geological regional studies of the Hotzenwald . Publishing house Schauenburg, Lahr / Schwarzwald, 1980, ISBN 3-7946-0174-2
  10. ↑ Schluchtensteig - press releases. schluchtensteig.de, archived from the original on October 19, 2012 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  11. ↑ Ski museum in Hinterzarten. freiburg-schwarzwald.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  12. ↑ Black Forest in crisis - and the cuckoo calls lonely. sueddeutsche.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  13. ↑ Land consumption through land use. themenpark-umwelt.baden-wuerttemberg.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  14. ↑ Companies should follow the gravel extraction. Badische Zeitung, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  15. ↑ Southern Black Forest Nature Park. Hasel municipality, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  16. ↑ a b Genus: Brachsenkraut (Isoetes). Blumeninschwaben.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  17. ↑ The Feldberg - 1493 m. ü. M. schwarzwald.com, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  18. ↑ Bernau - Krunkelbachhütte. schwarzwald-tourismus.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  19. ↑ Müllheim: The world from above. Badische Zeitung, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  20. ↑ Schluchsee - the largest lake in the Black Forest. In: schwarzwald-tourismus.info. Retrieved May 13, 2017 .
  21. ↑ Johannes Künzig : Black Forest say. Diederichs Verlag, 1930, p. 162.
  22. ↑ Special features: The Steina. lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de, archived from the original on December 29, 2014 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  23. ↑ Sprinkler control at the Wutach estuary. bundwt.de, accessed on May 13, 2017 .
  24. ↑ Hohentengen: The end of the giant fir. suedkurier.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  25. ↑ Rheinau ZH diversion power plant. rheinaubund.ch, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  26. ↑ Nature conservation in the Hotzenwald. hotzenwald-life.de, archived from the original on January 10, 2012 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  27. ↑ Granulochetoceras - an exotic species among the Jurassic ammonites. (PDF; 1.8 MB) fossilien-journal.de, archived from the original on December 29, 2014 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  28. ^ City Church of St. Johann Donaueschingen. badische-seiten.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  29. ^ Museum. In: deutsches-uhrenmuseum.de. Retrieved May 13, 2017 .
  30. ↑ Schönauer Creation Window. Bergkirche Schönau, archived from the original on November 25, 2013 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  31. ^ Donaueschingen: Princely family sells Hohenlupfen Castle. schwarzwaelder-bote.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  32. ↑ Detlef Herbner: Titisee-Neustadt, a city history . Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 1995, ISBN 3-7930-0768-5 , p. 300-304 .
  33. ^ History of the sled dog race in Todtmoos - over 30 years of sled dog sport in the Black Forest. todtmoos.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  34. ↑ Triberg. braeunlingen.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  35. ↑ The history of Tiengen Castle. tiengen.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  36. ↑ The capercaillie. naturpark-suedschwarzwald.de, archived from the original on August 18, 2012 ; Retrieved September 6, 2012 .
  37. ↑ Nature time: A crooked beak can definitely be an advantage. Badische Zeitung, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  38. ↑ The chamois has no beard. Badische Zeitung, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  39. ↑ Adventure trail in the Black Forest: imitate the sneaking of the wild cat. stuttgarter-zeitung.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  40. ^ Ekkehard Liehl: Hinterzarten . P. 62 ff., 1974, ISBN 3-87685-058-4
  41. ^ Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald - the butterfly district. (PDF; 1.8 MB) vorort.bund.net, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  42. ^ Parnassius apollo. lepiforum.de, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  43. ↑ Butterfly of the Month April. kv-boeblingen.bund.net, accessed on September 6, 2012 .
  44. ↑ Hochmoor in Hinterzarten. schwarzwald-tourismus.info, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  45. ↑ https://www.welt.de/reise/deutschland/article205992931/Baden-Ein-Erlebnispfad-fuer-den-Riesenregenwurm.html
  46. ↑ Baden giant earthworm. naturpark-suedschwarzwald.de, archived from the original on July 31, 2013 ; Retrieved September 7, 2012 .
  47. ↑ Native snakes. z-online.de, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  48. ↑ The bewitching scent of Haute-Provence wafts around dry stone walls. Badische Zeitung, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  49. ↑ Too many mushrooms in your luggage: 1 kg / person allowed. freiburg-schwarzwald.de, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  50. ↑ At the Feldsee on the Feldberg massif. schwarzwald.net, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  51. ↑ Dry grass network in the Hegau-Randen-Klettgau region. (PDF; 13.3 MB) elib.uni-stuttgart.de, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  52. ↑ Feldberg nature reserve. schwarzwald-tourismus.info, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  53. ↑ Nature and Landscape. huefingen.de, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  54. ↑ Plant of the month July. kv-boeblingen.bund.net, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  55. ↑ Schluchsee - a zander fairy tale. blinker.de, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  56. ↑ Closed seasons & minimum dimensions. schwarzwald-netz.com, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  57. ↑ Salmon 2020. iksr.org, accessed September 7, 2012 .
  58. ↑ Red list. B.Sket, 2006, accessed November 11, 2013 .
  59. ↑ Article on the lynx on the website of the Southern Black Forest Nature Park ( Memento from August 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  60. ↑ Protector of the native falcons. Badische Zeitung, accessed on September 7, 2012 .
  61. ↑ Game reserve. waldshut-tiengen.de, accessed on May 13, 2017 .
  62. ↑ The animals in the Black Forest Park. In: schwarzwaldpark.de. Archived from the original on June 20, 2017 ; accessed on May 13, 2017 .


Coordinates: 47 ° 51 '36.7 "  N , 8 ° 2' 5.6"  E