Stallegg river power station
| Stallegg river power station | ||
|---|---|---|
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| location | ||
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| Coordinates | 47 ° 51 '36 " N , 8 ° 17' 1" E | |
| country | Germany | |
| place | Göschweiler / Löffingen | |
| Waters | Wutach | |
| power plant | ||
| operator | Florian Forchhammer, Grünwald | |
| Start of planning | 1892 | |
| construction time | 1894-1895 | |
| Start of operation | 1895; 2000 | |
| Shutdown | 1979 | |
| Listed since | Yes | |
| technology | ||
| Average height of fall |
11 m | |
| Standard work capacity | 2.1 million kWh / year | |
| Turbines | 1 Kaplan turbine 2 Francis turbine |
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| Generators | Asynchronous machine | |
| Others | ||
The Stallegg river power plant is the oldest three-phase power plant and the third oldest river power plant in Germany and is a listed building . It is located in the Wutach Gorge below Göschweiler after the Rötenbach joins the Wutach and was put into operation in 1895.
history
On August 25, 1891, at the international electrotechnical exhibition in Frankfurt am Main, electrical energy was transmitted for the first time using three-phase current technology over a previously unimaginable distance of 176 km. At the same time, the Fürstenberg family under Prince Karl Egon III wanted to supply the Donaueschingen Castle , the Fürstenberg Brewery and the city of Donaueschingen with electrical energy. Since the source rivers of the Danube , Brigach and Breg , in Donaueschingen only had a slight gradient and were largely used for energy purposes by mills and sawmills, an extension of the already existing small DC power plant would have had to switch to expensive coal as an energy source. After the power transmission from Laufen am Neckar to Frankfurt had proven that energy could be transmitted economically over long distances, the decision was made under Prince Karl Egon IV , who followed his father in 1892, to build a power station 24 km from Donaueschingen.
construction
In 1894 the construction of a 6 m high and 17 m long barrier made of rammed concrete began. The barrier wall fitted between two rocky outcrops has a base width of 2.5 m and a crown width of 2 m. On the one hand, the construction principle as an arch dam and the building material concrete were new . Immediately next to the barrier wall is a 191 m long, 1.8 × 1.5 m concreted tunnel, which ends in two pipes just before the 11 m lower power house. Parallel to the construction work on the barrier wall and the power house, the turbine system was built at the Fürstenberg machine factory in Immendingen . The electrical part of the system, consisting of a three-phase generator, exciter , turbine control and transformer, was built by Elektrizitäts AG formerly Schuckert & Co. in Nuremberg and installed in the spring of 1895. A 24 km long 10 kV high-voltage line made of 480 10 m high masts was built from Stallegg to Donaueschingen for power transmission . The building was connected to the conditions that the sawmill located 3.5 km away Schattenmühle would not be disturbed during operation and that water would remain sufficient for the fish.
Electrotechnical execution
The horizontal machine set built by Schuckert & Co., consisting of exciter, three-phase generator and flywheel, was driven by a horizontally operating Francis turbine, which was built for a maximum displacement of 3300 l / s at 11 m. The turbine produced an output of 160 kW at 60 rpm. It was driven by a comb wheel with wooden teeth (ratio 2.5: 1) on an intermediate shaft and from there by leather belts on the generator shaft. The generator had an output of 150 kVA at 300 rpm. However, this first turbine was replaced after a few years by a horizontal, much more powerful, Francis turbine from JM Voith in Heidenheim. With a displacement of only 2350 l / s, it delivers the same output as the old turbine at 150 / min. At first it also had a belt drive, but was later coupled directly to the generator.
The voltage of 200 V generated by the three-phase generator was transformed to 10 kV by means of two 75 kVA transformers and fed to the high-voltage line. This consisted of three bare 16 mm² copper wires.
business
The test run of the hydropower plant took place on July 12, 1895, and the test operation of the electrical power transmission began on August 5, 1895. Regular operations began on October 6, 1895. The energy transferred to Donaueschingen by means of a high-voltage line was converted from 10 kV to 220 V using two 70kVA three-phase transformers, thereby driving a rotating converter consisting of a three-phase motor and direct current generator. The direct current obtained in this way was fed into the existing three-wire direct voltage network with 2 × 110 V. 2/3 of the energy provided was used by the Fürstenberg brewery. But the streets of Donaueschingen were also illuminated by 87 street lamps and 3480 lamps with 16 candles (approx. 25 W) were installed in private households and in the Fürstenberg Castle .
Kaiser Wilhelm II visited Donaueschingen several times, and the castle gardens and the castle were regularly lit up for the occasion.
extension
In 1919 the energy provided was no longer sufficient, whereupon external electricity was obtained from the large Laufenburg power station . This meant that the Fürstlich Fürstenberg electricity network was no longer an island operation and could be generously expanded due to the available energy. On the left of the Wutach the places Löffingen , Göschweiler, Reiselfingen , Seppenhofen , Bachheim with Neuchâtel, Unadingen and Dittishausen and on the right side of the Wutach Gündelwangen , Boll and Holzschlag with Grünwald were connected. In 1939 the dam was raised and in 1940 a second turbine, a Voith spiral turbine, with a suction capacity of 1500 l / s was installed. It is coupled to a generator by means of a gear drive, which can deliver 150 kVA at 1000 rpm.
Restaurant in the power plant
From 1925 onwards, Wilhelm Helmling was plant manager in Stallegg for many decades and, on the side, ran a restaurant with his family on the upper floor of the power plant, where hikers, but also the village youth of Göschweiler and the surrounding area, came and went. In the last few years, before it was shut down, the power plant was looked after by four machinists working in shifts, who also operated a small number of drinks.
Sale and new beginning
The power plant was sold to the Laufenburg power plant in 1979 and shut down on July 1, 1979 and left to its own devices. At the end of the twentieth century, the power plant was sold again and renovated by an investor. For this purpose, the pipeline that had broken in the meantime had to be completely renewed and the power plant building extensively renovated. The second machine set installed in 1940 and the turbine of the first machine set were replaced by new Francis spiral turbines and asynchronous generators with a total of 355 kW. In addition, a 40 kW machine set with a Kaplan turbine was installed on the dam . The increase of the dam was rejected.
In 2000 the system went back online. In August 2015, the Baden-Württemberg State Nature Conservation Association declared that it had lodged a complaint with the Federal Network Agency . The reason for this is a feed-in tariff of four cents per kWh, which the power plant operator receives because of ecological improvements when restarting in accordance with the Renewable Energy Sources Act (2012). The environmentalists regard the report, on the basis of which the network operator pays the subsidy, as a courtesy report and call for further ecological improvements to be implemented. In addition, unauthorized surge operation and the associated erratic flushing of sludge from the stowage in the Wutach are criticized.
The Stallegg river power plant now produces around 2.1 million kilowatt hours per year for NaturEnergie AG. The original generator from 1895 is still available with the exciter and flywheel, even if it is no longer usable.
Surroundings
The “ Stallegger Tanne ” and the ruins of the former Stallegg Castle are located near the power station . The Freiburg - Lake Constance crossroad and the Schluchtensteig pass directly by the power plant . Entrances closed to public traffic exist from Göschweiler via the Stallegger Hof and from Holzschlag via the Stallegger Bridge , a covered bridge built in 1852 over the Wutach .
literature
- Stefan Limberger-Andris: The Stallegg hydroelectric power station , in: Heimat am Hochrhein ISSN 0930-1283 Volume XXXI., 2006, pp. 60–64, ISBN 3-86142-377-4 .
- Anton Hopfgartner: The power transmission system Wutach-Donaueschingen in: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen , IX. Heft, Laupp, Tübingen 1896, pp. 176-185, digitized .
- Eduard Johne: Sixty Years Fürstlich Fürstenbergisches Elektrizitätswerk in Donaueschingen 1895–1955 , Friedrich Vorwerk, Stuttgart 1955.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christa Maier: Löffingen: No Wind Power in Oberholz , Badische Zeitung, July 19, 2013, accessed on February 16, 2016
- ↑ Sebastian Wolfrum: Südwest: Feed-in tariffs: Environmentalists criticize the hydropower plant in the Wutach Gorge , Badische Zeitung, August 31, 2015, accessed on February 16, 2016
- ↑ Stallegg hydropower plant “tramples” ecology. Baden-Württemberg State Nature Conservation Association, August 28, 2015, accessed on February 16, 2016 (press release).
- ↑ Christa Maier: News about an old giant . In Badische Zeitung of June 28, 2010, accessed December 5, 2011.