Bachheim
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Bachheim
City of Löffingen
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| Height : | 726 (724-746) m |
| Area : | 7.03 km² |
| Residents : | 364 (2016) |
| Population density : | 52 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1974 |
| Postal code : | 79843 |
| Area code : | 07654 |
Bachheim is a town in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district in southwest Baden-Württemberg . It is one of the six districts of the city of Löffingen .
population
Population of the district of Bachheim and Neuchâtel Castle.
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1684 | 269 |
| 1778 | 310 |
| 1846 | 305 |
| 1961 | 385 |
| 1970 | 364 |
| 1986 | 372 |
| 2009 | 421 |
| 2013 | 375 |
| 2016 | 364 |
Natural space
Geographically, Bachheim belongs to the Baar plateau , which connects to the south-east of the Baden Black Forest. Bachheim is located in the Tränkebachtal and is surrounded by the nature reserve of the Wutach, Gauchach and Engeschlucht gorges. These gorges are the main attraction of the village and have become known far beyond the region due to their extraordinary variety of animal and plant species and their geological features. The whole nature reserve is a popular destination for hikers.
history
Early history
The first trace of human existence that was found in the Bachheim district is a stone ax that can be classified as belonging to the Neolithic period . However, this is not enough to prove a settlement.
In 1924 and 1938, community workers discovered Alemannic plate graves . It is a burial place of the Celts , which was used by the Alemanni . Similar graves found south of Villingen can be traced back to 570 BC. To date. Another burial site was found, spatially very close to the other. It can be said with reasonable certainty that there was a Celtic settlement in or near Bachheim.
In the year 70 AD the Romans conquered new territory and so the imperial border shifted to the Stuttgart area . However, there are no finds of Roman rule in Bachheim, while a Roman bathing facility has been preserved in nearby Hüfingen.
In the 3rd century AD the Alemanni conquered large parts of what is now southwestern Germany . After the defeat in 496 AD against the Frankish king Clovis, Alemannia was loosely incorporated into his empire and Frankish administrators (centenars) were employed.
Clovis brought Irish missionaries into the country and had monasteries built in Alemannia. In Bachheim, charred remains of a very old wooden church were found under today's church, whose namesake was St. Peter. It can be said with a probability bordering on certainty that Bachheim was a Franconian royal estate . This is indicated by the Frankish warrior graves that were found in Tannenschachen (at the southwestern exit of the town), the wooden church in Bachheim, the ending of the place name on -heim and the affiliation to the Großmark Löffingen. Despite some findings, many things remain unexplained.
middle Ages
The first written mention of Bachheim, then still Phachheim , can be found in a deed of donation dated November 11, 838. An Arnolf, the first named resident of Bachheim, donated his property to the church of St. Martin zu Löffingen. After that there was no written evidence of local history for over 335 years.
Peasant Wars 1524/25
Due to the increased compulsory labor and taxes of the peasants to the nobility and clergy, as well as the arbitrariness of the territorial rulers , there were peasant unrest in Thuringia and southern Germany, which culminated in uprisings. Bachheim also provided armed farmers. With the defeat in front of the town of Radolfzell , the rebels were forced to swear allegiance to the nobility again and are thus subject again.
Witch madness
The Thirty Years War raged from 1618 to 1648. From 1626, imperial troops also marched through the Black Forest and raged terribly there. In addition, there were several years of hunger, cattle epidemics and flaring plague epidemics.
There have been witch burnings since 1230 and it is documented by the complaint article 27 of the Bachheim farmers that in June 1631 there were also witch burnings at the stake .
In 1726, the last known charge against a Bachheim woman, named Agathe Bucher, was made for witchcraft. After a year, however, she was acquitted by the Hüfingisches Oberamt.
Revolution 1848/49
During the revolution of 1848/49 , Bachheim and some people took part in the formation of the vigilante groups , which fled when the Prussians finally invaded and later came back across the border. The lodging costs for the Prussian soldiers, which Bachheim had to pay, amounted to 1400 guilders, so that in 1850 the community had a mountain of debt of approx. 3000 guilders.
From the 19th to the 21st century
The supra-regional developments affected Bachheim to varying degrees. Economically, Bachheim remained dominated by agriculture until the second half of the 20th century. Today most of the residents work in companies outside the village. The community supported the construction of the railway and is connected to the Neustadt - Donaueschingen section of the Höllentalbahn that was opened in 1901 . Since May 1, 1931, the previously independent municipality of Neuchâtel belongs to the municipality of Bachheim. Bachheim was incorporated into the city of Löffingen on January 1, 1974.
church
The first church was built between 838 and 1100. The first written mention can be found in 1173 in the bull of Pope Kalixt III. , in which Bachheim's church is mentioned alongside other places of worship as the property of the St. Blasien monastery .
Since the church was always very poor, it was united with Löffingen's parish in 1477 . There were many attempts by the community to set up their own parish and to break away from Löffingen, which only succeeded at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1816 the first holy mass in Bachheim was held by her own pastor, Chaplain Dürhold.
Since there were difficulties in financing a priest, he changed frequently. Because of the general shortage of priests, St. Peter and Paul had to be declared a branch again in 1963 , this time from Unadingen .
In 1793, after many attempts, the church, which was "becoming more ruinous and dangerous every day", was demolished and rebuilt. After just a few decades, parts of St. Peter and Paul were again in poor condition, but all attempts to build a new building or to expand it failed because of the office or the finances. The church was not completely renovated until 1922. Since then there have been several renovations and repairs:
1. 1938: Installation of a coal heating system
2. 1940: Construction of today's sacristy
3. 1956: installation of a new altar and a pulpit
4. 1966: Renewal of the church stalls
5. 1974: Coal heating was replaced by oil heating
In 1997/98 the church of St. Peter and Paul was renovated again, including an old ceiling painting that was exposed and renewed.
school
As a reaction to the Reformation, the Bishops of Constance gradually introduced a regulated school system. In smaller villages like Bachheim, clergymen gave the lessons first. Bachheim's first teacher known by name was the local governor Johann Vogt, who died in 1721.
While lessons were initially held in the teacher's apartment, lessons were held in a classroom in the wash house until the early 19th century. The first school house was inaugurated in 1831, which also housed a teacher's apartment. After 127 years, the community built a new modern school building in 1957/58, also with a teacher's apartment. It is still used today as a teaching facility. Later, around 2008, the school was renovated again (walls were painted, flower beds were planted, new equipment in the schoolyard). In 2013 new equipment was installed again.
Agriculture
Until recently, Bachheim lived almost exclusively from agriculture. The district had an agricultural area of around 503 hectares, on which fields and meadows were cultivated as well as cattle, fruit and beekeeping. It was not until around 1880 that more modern agricultural equipment was used and in 1919 it was connected to the electricity network, which made things considerably easier for the residents.
In the second half of the 20th century, the number of farmers decreased sharply, especially between 1954 and 1986, when a lot of gravel was extracted in Bachheim. While in 1933 61 of 63 houses were farms, there were only 18 farms left in 1983. Today there are still around eight farms, four of which are full-time businesses and four are part-time businesses.
literature
- Scherer, Karla; Ketterer, Emil: Bachheim. The joys and sorrows of a village over the centuries. Published by the city of Löffingen, 1988.
- Karla Scherer and Emil Ketterer: Ortssippenbuch Bachheim and Neuchâtel, City of Löffingen, District of Breisgau - Upper Black Forest . Lahr: Interest group Badischer Ortssippenbücher 1984 (= Badische Ortssippenbücher 51), processed period 1624 - 1983
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Scherer, Karla; Ketterer, Emil: Bachheim. The joys and sorrows of a village over the centuries. P. 122.
- ↑ http://www.bachheim.info/ Greetings from our mayor Berthold Meister.
- ↑ Scherer, Karla; Ketterer, Emil: Bachheim. The joys and sorrows of a village over the centuries. P. 14.
- ↑ Ibid. P. 14/15.
- ↑ Ibid. P. 15/16.
- ↑ Ibid. Pp. 16-18.
- ↑ StiASG , Urk. II 146. Online at e-chartae , accessed on June 12, 2020.
- ↑ Ibid. Pp. 18-21.
- ↑ Ibid. Pp. 36-46.
- ↑ Ibid. Pp. 171-175.
- ↑ Ibid. Pp. 115-119.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 508 .
- ↑ Ibid. P. 287.
- ↑ Ibid. Pp. 290-293.
- ↑ Ibid. P. 299.
- ↑ Ibid. P. 299/300.
- ↑ Ibid. Pp. 271-286.
- ↑ Ibid. Pp. 199-207.