Brigach
The Brigach is a 40-kilometer-long river in the Schwarzwald-Baar district in Baden-Württemberg , which, after a south-east run in Donaueschingen, flows from the left with the longer and richer Breg to the Danube . In the well-known saying: "Brigach and Breg bring the Danube on its way" this is summed up in a nutshell.
Surname
The name Brigach is of Celtic origin and, according to one view, means “clear, pure water” . According to the board at the Brigach spring, "The name ... is of Celtic origin and means mountain stream": brig stands for mountain, hill and -ach is the ending for river, stream.
A relief discovered at the source in 1898, which is now kept in the St. Georgen Museum of Local History, probably refers to the goddess Abnoba , who is equated with the hunting goddess Diana.
geography
source
A Brigach spring is located in the cellar of the Hirz farm in the Obertal of Brigach and can be viewed there. On the official waterway map of the country, however, the Brigach begins its course at about 925 m above sea level. NHN a little below a small pond near this courtyard in the town of Sankt Georgen in the Black Forest .
course
The Brigach initially flows in a flat course approximately east-northeast through the Black Forest landscape, which is composed of open fields in the valleys and forests on the accompanying heights, and thus reaches the first larger town of Sankt Georgen, from where the Baden Black Forest Railway to the mouth of the Valley runs. In the local area of Sankt Georgen, the river is already deepened 100 meters compared to the larger edge heights and now slowly turns around the Röhlinswald to the right on the south-east course, the scattered settlement typical of the landscape begins again. At the inflow of the first longer tributary, the Röhlinsbach from WNW, the Brigach leaves the St. Georgen district and enters the so-called Groppertal , a half a square kilometer protected landscape area in which the municipality of Unterkirnach and the city of Villingen-Schwenningen have a share. It stretches down the valley to a little over the mouth - again from the right and west-northwest - of the most important tributary, Kirnach, at Villingen-Kirnach station, outside the village of Villingen, with a length of over 12 kilometers and a catchment area of 33 km² . In this area, the Brigach runs on a section almost a quarter of a kilometer long, next to the railway line running close to the right edge of the valley, underground under the valley slope.
A little later, about halfway through its course, the Brigach leaves the heights of the Black Forest behind and enters the flatter Baar landscape in the Villingen area, which is defined by open fields and in which there are larger settlements than on the upper reaches. In the city center it changes to the southern course and takes in a few tributaries from the north, then two more than ten kilometers long from the Black Forest in the west, the Warenbach still on Villinger district and the Holenbach already in the area of the following municipality of Brigachtal . Below the municipality's main town Klengen, the Brigach runs over the boundary into the area of the city of Donaueschingen , its valley deepens again between forest hills, develops meanders and then turns left to the east through the settlement area of the city. In the part of the castle park on the left, a karst spring meets a few meters next to the Brigach , which has been regarded as a source of the Danube for centuries and whose overflow, known as the Donaubach , is led underground through the park into the Brigach. The mouth is marked by a temple dedicated to the former German Emperor Wilhelm II. Compared to the two source rivers, this Danube source is hydrologically insignificant. One and a half kilometers east below the Donaubach source, the Brigach joins at about 672 m above sea level. NHN with the Breg coming from the Black Forest on the right , creating the Danube.
After its 40.4 kilometer run with an average bed gradient of about 6.3 ‰, the Brigach flows about 253 meters below its source.
Catchment area
The catchment area covers 196.7 km² and lies entirely in the Schwarzwald-Baar district . From a natural point of view, almost two thirds of it is distributed in the sub-area of the Southeastern Black Forest of the Black Forest , with the remaining third on the eastern edge belonging to the Baar , a sub-area of the Neckar and Tauber-Gäuplatten .
In its catchment area, the Brigach flows quite close to the north and then to the east; The catchment area, on the other hand, is more centrally traversed by the very steady east-south-east running Kirnach, which itself arises quite close to the Brigach spring. The north-western watershed, which is close to this, delimits the catchment area of the Gutach , which drains over the Kinzig to the Rhine , and in the further north-eastern course from that of the Schiltach to the higher Kinzig. Behind the long north-eastern watershed, the young Neckar with its tributaries also drains into the Rhine. On the other hand, the precipitation reaches the Danube on the other outer sides . Before the short south-east there are only few significant tributaries to this, behind the again long south-west border lies the noticeably larger drainage area of the right Danube source river Breg with 291.5 km² .
The highest point in the catchment area is about one kilometer southwest of the origin on the summit of 1024.2 m above sea level. Kesselberg reaching NN ; the catchment areas of Gutach in the northwest, Brigach in the east and Breg in the southwest meet here.
Almost the entire catchment area lies in the Southern Black Forest Nature Park . There are several, sometimes quite large, water protection areas in it, as well as landscape protection areas, namely the Hirzwald-Lägerfelsen landscape protection area at the Brigach spring , the Harzloch around the upper reaches of the upper tributary named after it, the long Groppertal valley section before the Black Forest exit at Villingen and the Villingen landscape protection area -South .
Tributaries
Tributaries of over 3.0 km in length with the direction and location of the mouth, listed from the source to the mouth. For the full list, also with more data, see the
- Röhlinbach (right, St. Georgen-Stockburger Mühle)
- Kirnach (right, Villingen-Schwenningen, Kirnach-Villingen train station)
- Krebsgraben (left, Villingen)
- Ziegelbach (left, Villingen)
- Steppach (left, Villingen)
- Warenbach (right, Villingen)
- Talbach (left, Villingen-Marbach)
- Holenbach (right, Brigachtal-Kirchdorf)
Individual evidence
LUBW
Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of the Brigach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )
- ↑ a b Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .
- ↑ Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
- ↑ Catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 04 .
- ↑ For the exact source location, see the background layer topographic map .
- ↑ Catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 05 .
- ↑ Protected areas according to the relevant layers.
Other evidence
- ↑ Water level values according to: German Waterways Research Yearbook Danube Region 2006 Bavarian State Office for the Environment, p. 81, accessed on October 4, 2017, on: bestellen.bayern.de (PDF, German, 24.2 MB).
- ↑ Wolfdieter Gramlich: Stone testimony of past times. In: Südkurier , July 12, 2012
- ^ Heinz Fischer, Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 177 Offenburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
- ↑ Friedrich Huttenlocher : Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 178 Sigmaringen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
- ^ Alfred G. Benzing: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 186 Konstanz. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1964. → Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
literature
- Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as single sheet No. 7815 Triberg in the Black Forest, No. 7816 St. Georgen in the Black Forest, No. 7915 Furtwangen, No. 7916 Villingen-Schwenningen West, No. 7917 Villingen-Schwenningen East, No. 8016 Donaueschingen, No. 8017 Geisingen
