Breg

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Breg
The source of the Breg is a geographic source of the Danube and is a listed building

The source of the Breg is considered a geographical source of the Danube and is a listed building

Data
Water code EN : 1
location Black Forest

Neckar and Tauber-Gäuplatten

Baden-Württemberg

River system Danube
Drain over Danube  → Black Sea
source Bregquelle or Danube spring at the Martinskapelle 6 km northwest of Furtwangen
48 ° 5 ′ 43 ″  N , 8 ° 9 ′ 18 ″  E
Source height 1078  m above sea level NHN
confluence with the Brigach to the Danube east of Donaueschingen Coordinates: 47 ° 57 '4 "  N , 8 ° 31' 14"  E 47 ° 57 '4 "  N , 8 ° 31' 14"  E
Mouth height approx.  672  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 406 m
Bottom slope approx. 8.8 ‰
length 46.1 km
Catchment area 291.582 km²
Discharge at the Hammereisenbach
A Eo gauge : 157 km²
Location: 20.8 km above the mouth 		NNQ (10/30/1985)
MNQ 1981/2006
MQ 1981/2006
Mq 1981/2006
 MHQ 1981/2006
HHQ (02/15/1990) 		443 l / s
794 l / s
5.04 m³ / s
32.1 l / (s km²)
 72.5 m³ / s
186 m³ / s
Drainage at the Donaueschingen gauge MQ
 5.7 m³ / s

The Breg is 46 km, the longest and richest source of the River Danube and runs through the southeast of the central Black Forest and the Baar .

Origin of name

The Breg is first mentioned in a Latin source in 1152/86 ( apud pregin 'at the Breg'), then in 1234 as Brega . The river name is traced back to the Celtic * Brigonā , which developed from Germanic * Brigana and ahd. * Bregana to the documented high medieval form Brega . * Brigonā is an n-derivative of kelt. briga 'mountain, hill, castle'; the eponymous mountain is the 1149 meter high Brend in the Black Forest, from which the Breg flows to the east, the Elz to the north (1178 Bregen in the upper reaches ) and the Bregenbach to the west .

geography

source

The Breg rises at 1078  m above sea level. NHN height six kilometers northwest of Furtwangen . Its source near the Martinskapelle , also known as the Danube source , is protected as a natural monument. This is about 100 meters southeast of the Rhine / Danube watershed (the great European watershed ). Beyond this and only around 900 meters away, the Elz rises , which initially flows in the same longitudinal valley in the opposite direction to the north and later flows into the Rhine .

course

In the uppermost section, known as the Katzensteig , the Bregtal is a valley clearly formed by Ice Age glaciers with a remarkably low gradient and a landscape that is characterized by large Black Forest farms. Between the towns of Furtwangen and Vöhrenbach, the Breg flows in a wider and somewhat more densely populated valley to the east, and then, generally facing southeast, flows through a lonely forest valley, accompanied by a road and the route of the former Bregtalbahn , which is now a cycle path . Shortly before Hammereisenbach-Bregenbach, the Linach flow below their Linachtalsperre , in the village itself the most important, but only short Breg tributary, Hammerbach, thanks to its two large upper reaches . The Röthenbach flows out at Bräunlingen , an upper course of which runs through the Kirnbergsee . There and on via Hüfingen to Donaueschingen , the Breg already flows outside the Black Forest through a wide, open valley on the Baar plateau.

Confluence of the Breg (back left) with the Brigach (back center) to the Danube (to the front right). The Danube tributary in the foreground is the Silent Musel .










After a 46.1 kilometer run with an average bed gradient of about 9 ‰, the Breg flows in Donaueschingen at about 672  m above sea level. NHN from the right with the Brigach the Danube together - "Brigach and Breg bring the Danube feeder path", as in the famous mnemonic is. Since the Breg is not only the longest, but also the most water-rich source river of the Danube, its source is hydrographically regarded as the source of the Danube ( Danube source ).

Catchment area

The Breg has a 291.6 km² catchment area, which , in terms of natural space , counts to over five sixths of the Black Forest , namely to its sub-area Southeast Black Forest , while the rest of the rest near the mouth is already in the area of ​​the Baar , which is apparently not entirely exhaustive named Neckar and Tauber-Gäuplatten is. The two highest points in the catchment area are on its western edge, at about 1145  m above sea level. NHN near the summit of the Brends not far from the origin and at 1140.6  m above sea level. NHN on that of the Steinbühl near the Südwesteck.

The catchment areas of the following neighboring rivers adjoin in turn:

  • Beyond the northern border, the Gutach drains north to the Kinzig tributary of the Upper Rhine ;
  • behind the long north-east, the Sibling River Brigach slowly approaches to the confluence with the Danube;
  • the equally long south-southeastern watershed separates the upper catchment area of ​​the Wutach , which flows into the Upper Rhine;
  • in the west the Elz largely competes with the Upper Rhine via its large tributary Wilde Gutach ;
  • The headwaters of the Elz itself lie on just a short stretch of northwestern watershed.

Tributaries

From the source to the confluence with the Brigach. This list only shows the major tributaries.

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Breg
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b c Height according to the contour line image on the background layer topographic map .
  2. ↑ Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  3. ↑ Catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 04 .
  4. ↑ Height according to black lettering on the background layer topographic map .

Other evidence

  1. ↑ German Hydrological Yearbook Danube Region 2006 Bavarian State Office for the Environment, p. 80, accessed on October 4, 2017, from: bestellen.bayern.de (PDF, German, 24.2 MB).
  2. ↑ Value from regionalization (as of March 1, 2016) at the flood forecast center , State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg
  3. ^ Albrecht Greule : German water names book. Etymology of the water body names and the associated area, settlement and field names. de Gruyter Mouton 2014, Berlin / Boston, p. 70 f.
  4. ^ Heinz Fischer, Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 177 Offenburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1967. →  Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
  5. ↑ Friedrich Huttenlocher : Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 178 Sigmaringen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1959. →  Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
  6. ↑ Günther Reichelt : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 185 Freiburg i. Br. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1964. →  Online map (PDF; 3.7 MB)
  7. ^ Alfred G. Benzing: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 186 Konstanz. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1964. →  Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)

literature

  • Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as a single sheet
    • for the course of the river: No. 7914 St. Peter, No. 7915 Furtwangen, No. 8015 Titisee Neustadt, No. 8016 Donaueschingen, and No. 8017 Geisingen
    • for the catchment area: No. 7814 Elzach, No. 7815 Triberg im Schwarzwald, No. 7914 St. Peter, No. 7915 Furtwangen, No. 7916 Villingen-Schwenningen West, No. 8015 Titisee Neustadt, No. 8016 Donaueschingen, No. 8017 Geisingen , No. 8116 Löffingen and No. 8117 Blumberg

Web links

Commons : Breg  - collection of images, videos and audio files