Common gorse

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Common gorse
Common gorse (Genista sagittalis)

Common gorse ( Genista sagittalis )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Genre : Gorse ( genista )
Type : Common gorse
Scientific name
Genista sagittalis
L.

The common winged gorse ( Genista sagittalis ), also called winged gorse or Ramsele , is a species of the genus Genista .

Description and ecology

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 17
Habit and inflorescences
inflorescence
legumes

Vegetative characteristics

The common winged gorse is a dwarf shrub that reaches heights of between 10 and 30 centimeters. First the upright main shoots are formed, bearing leaves or flowers. After the growth is complete, these shoots lie on the ground and become so-called laying shoots. From the leaf axils of these laying shoots, upright shoots grow again, which take root at the base towards the end of the vegetation period . Over time, the laying shoots lignify and are covered by the ground. The formation of large stem wings is derived from the sub-leaves . The stem is winged, while the vegetative shoots are double-winged. The reproductive shoots, however, are three- or more-winged. The wings are about 4 millimeters wide. Stems, leaves, sepals and young legumes are hairy ( indument ).

The leaves are elliptical, between 8 and 25 millimeters long and about 8 millimeters wide. The stipules are reduced. Because the leaves fall off early, the plant reduces water evaporation ( xeromorphism ).

Generative characteristics

From the fourth year on, the common winged gorse flowers from May to July. The flowers are in terminal racemose inflorescences , each with a short bract and two obsolete bracts .

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The corolla has the typical shape of the butterfly flowers . The petals are bright yellow and 10 to 12 millimeters long, occasionally with a flag on the edges and lashed boats at the seam.

The legume , 1 to 2 centimeters long, contains few seeds.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46 or 48.

Occurrence

The common winged gorse is a submeridional floral element . The distribution area extends from northern Spain via France to southern Belgium . In Germany , common gorse is native to the northwest as far as the Eifel , east to Würzburg and the Bavarian Forest . Then the distribution area continues over the Danube valley to Hungary and Bulgaria as well as to the Ukraine .

The common winged gorse is found in heaths , poor pastures and meadows, on the edges of forests and roads, on embankments, on ledges and in sparse forests. The common gorse thrives best on moderately dry, fresh, nutrient-poor, slightly acidic soils . Genista sagittalis is regionally a character type of the Festuco-Nestedum sagittalis, but also occurs in the Aveno-Nestedum sagittalis or Polygono vivipari-Nestedum sagittalis society (Association Violion caninae).

Taxonomy

It was first published in 1753 by Genista sagittalis Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Genista sagittalis L. are: Chamaespartium sagittale (L.) PEGibbs ; Genistella sagittalis (L.) chamois .

Common names

For the common winged gorse , the other German-language trivial names exist or existed : Erdpfriemen, Großsame (near Schäßburg ), Haideblume ( Eifel near Wirneburg ), Heublume (Eifel near Monreal ), Rahmheide (Eifel), Schafkraut ( Switzerland ) and Schleppblomen ( Transylvania ) .

swell

  1. ↑ Chamaespartium sagittale (L.) Gibbs, winged gorse. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ W. Schaffner: Investigations on the growth form and shoot shape of the winged gorse, Cytius saggitalis. In: Bot. Jb. , Volume 88, Stuttgart 1968, pp. 465-514.
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 584.
  4. ↑ Genista sagittalis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 12, 2015.
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 126. ( online ).

literature

  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold (ed.), Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae) Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992. ISBN 3-8001-3314-8
  • Angelika Schwabe-Braun : A plant-sociological model study as a basis for nature conservation and planning: Weidfeld vegetation in the Black Forest; History of use, societies and their complexes, evaluation for nature conservation. - Kassel: General University Library, 1980.

Web links

Commons : Common gorse ( Genista sagittalis )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files