Hohenlupfen Castle

The Hohenlupfen Castle also Schloss Stühlingen is a castle in Stühlingen in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg , Germany . The castle has existed in its current form since 1624.

history

Origins

Blackboard at the entrance gate

The plateau on which the castle was built was probably already used by the Romans as a base for a signal tower . A mosaic floor was found in Stühlingen from Roman times, and the Roman city of Juliomagus was not far from Stühlingen .

The original castle Hohenlupfen was the Earl of Lupfen built and in 1093 first mentioned. In 1499 the castle was in the Swiss War the Confederates passed and "damaged". The reconstruction of the complex that took place after 1499 was only carried out "poorly", which is why the castle was subsequently referred to as "dilapidated". This can be explained, among other things, by the fact that the Landgrave was residing in Engen im Hegau at the time . On October 23, 1572, Conrad von Pappenheim received a written promise from Emperor Maximilians II to the "Expectanz" of the County of Stühlingen , Castle and Lordship of Höwen , and the city of Engen. When the last descendant of the Count von Lupfen family, who had been resident there, died in 1582, Conrad von Pappenheim occupied Stühlingen Castle and the city of Engen. Thereupon he was imprisoned at Hohentübingen Castle on March 1, 1591 - probably due to intrigues .

The Landgraviate of Stühlingen initially came to the heirs of the Lupfen allodial estates , Count Karl II. Von Zollern and the brother-in-law of Count Heinrich von Lupfen, Peter Freiherr von Mörsperg. In 1589, Emperor Rudolf II recognized Conrad von Pappenheim's claims to the Stühlinger Reichslehen, but Conrad was still held and died in custody in 1603.

In 1605 Conrad's son, Maximilian von Pappenheim, was enfeoffed with the Landgraviate of Stühlingen. Peter von Mörsperg was able to keep the rulers of Rosenegg and Bonndorf - only Maximilian von Pappenheim remained here.

New building by Maximilian

East side from the garden

Inner courtyard with (right) Wendelstein made of travertine

Maximilian von Pappenheim saw himself compelled in 1612 to sell the sovereign rights of the "high forest, gelait and land judicial authorities" over the offices of Bonndorf , Blumegg , Bettmaringen and Gutenburg to the Sankt Blasien monastery , as he was one of the heirs of the Lords of Lupfen had to pay high compensation. Abbot Martin Meister I thus united all rights to the Bonndorf rule and the monastery subsequently became an imperial abbey.

With the approval of the electoral college and the emperor in 1613 and the actual assignment of sovereign rights in 1614, the Landgraviate of Stühlingen was now divided into the southern half, which kept this name and later fell to the Fürstenberg dynasty and the northern part, the county or . imperial rule Bonndorf .

In 1621 he sold the inherited rule of Graefenthal with the seat of Wespenstein Castle to Duke Johann Philipp von Sachsen-Altenburg for 130,000 guilders . From 1619 to 1624 he had the old walls around the tower laid down and the castle that still exists today was rebuilt.

Fürstenberger

In 1631, through the marriage of his daughter Maximiliana to Count Friedrich Rudolf von Fürstenberg , the rule of Stühlingen came to the Fürstenberg princes who resided here until 1723 and then moved the residence to Donaueschingen Castle . Maximiliane was much admired for her beauty. Her son Count Maximilian Franz von Fürstenberg-Stühlingen was born in Schaffhausen on May 2, 1634. Maximiliana died in Engen in 1635 giving birth to her second child. Finally, Count Maximilian Franz von Fürstenberg received the county of Stühlingen and the rule of Hewen , with the city of Engen as an afterfief from Austria. He spent a lot of time on his estates in Moravia , but Stühlingen was his residence, whose rule extended up to the knee . When he wanted to hurry towards the Sun King Louis XIV on October 24, 1681 in the bishop's palace in Strasbourg , his spurs got caught in his coat on a staircase , he stumbled and broke his neck. He rests in the Capuchin monastery in Haslach .

His eldest son, Prosper Ferdinand von Fürstenberg, was not yet of legal age when he was supposed to take over the vast territory. Therefore, Johannes Christopherus Herpfer (1583–1654) was appointed as Landgrave and Palatine from 1629 to 1654. Prosper Ferdinand later fought against the Turks under Prince Eugene of Savoy and Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden . He took part as General Feldzeugmeister in the War of the Spanish Succession , where he was fatally hit by a cannonball during the siege of Landau in the Palatinate in 1704. To preserve his house he had issued the Primogenitur order in 1701 . → Landgraviate of Stühlingen

In 1723 his son and successor Joseph Wilhelm Ernst zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen took over the rule of the territorial increase inherited from the extinction of the Heiligenberg line, which was now a sovereign imperial principality. After his marriage to Countess Maria Anna von Waldstein, however, he hardly fell ill in Stühlingen and soon fell ill with the leaves. Due to the risk of infection, his wife first moved to the town of Stühlingen (Balbachsches Haus) then to Donaueschingen, and he followed her in 1724. The extensive castle library begun by the Counts of Lupfen also came to Donaueschingen. In 1737 he allowed the construction of the Capuchin monastery in Stühlingen . He issued school regulations that provided for general compulsory education. In 1744 the Meßkircher Line also died out. His wife's Bohemian goods were exempt from primogeniture and then passed to her second-born son, Karl Egon.

Prince Joseph Wenzel took over the rule in Donaueschingen and with it Stühlingen, followed in 1783 by Prince Joseph Maria Benedikt zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen and after he died childless at the age of 36, his brother Prince Karl Joachim Aloys Franz von Paula zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen followed . He was also childless and the heir was now Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg . He was followed by his son Karl Egon III. to Fürstenberg . This was followed by his son, Karl Egon IV zu Fürstenberg , followed by Max Egon II zu Fürstenberg , he had two sons, Karl Egon V. zu Fürstenberg who left no children and Maximilian Egon zu Fürstenberg . His son was Joachim Egon Fürst zu Fürstenberg , who had Hohenlupfen Castle modernized in the 1950s in order to (temporarily) live here with his family. There were u. a. Bathrooms, a dining and a staff elevator have been set up. However, the heir and successor was not Heinrich Fürst zu Fürstenberg but his eldest son, Christian Joachim Maximilian zu Fürstenberg, who had tried to sell Hohenlupfen Castle for a long time, but potential buyers were scarce and were deterred by various circumstances, such as the proximity to Leibstadt nuclear power plant and to Kloten Airport . In 2011, the Stamm farming family was able to acquire Hohenlupfen Castle with its forest and fields, thereby rounding off their business.

location

Hohenlupfen Castle, open day

The castle is built on a rocky plateau made of shell limestone 140 meters above the valley on the eastern edge of the Alpgau above the middle Wutach valley . The correct and previously used name is Stühlingen Castle , from which the name of the town of Stühlingen at the foot of the castle can be derived. Since two side valleys from the left and right merge with the Wutach valley at the height of Stühlingen, there is a valley cross. This served as a crossroads for the traffic routes running down the valley and thus acquired a certain importance for the region. In this context, it makes sense to position the castle diagonally across from the Schleitheim valley mouth. The right valley flank is approx. 60 meters higher, so that the opposite left valley flank and the adjoining Hallauer Berg can be seen clearly.

investment

The knight's hall with a suspended wooden ceiling from the time it was built

The castle chapel, newly furnished by the Stamm family

The 45 meter high castle tower is made of quarry stone made of shell limestone and has a square floor plan of 15 × 15 meters, the lower wall thickness is 5 to 6 meters. The loopholes in the castle tower can still be seen today, as can the original defense tower. The tower has been accessible at ground level from the inner courtyard of the complex since the 19th century and has a wooden spiral staircase inside . When the tower was converted into a castle, an octagonal structure and an onion dome were added. The main building is designed as a generously dimensioned manor house. The front length is 130 meters. At the northern end of the main wing, a fortified tower and servants' wing are connected at right angles . Is located at this end of the main tract upstairs of approximately square Knights Hall with four times the truss on the truss suspended wooden ceiling and a binge exchange. There is a continuous connection on the outside of the tower between the knight's hall and the servants' wing. The castle chapel is located in the basement below the knight's hall . On the valley side, the system is protected by a defensive wall, which is replaced by a moat to the south and west.

In the northern forecourt there is a utility building, one side of which was destroyed by fire. The Torspitz arch with the coat of arms of the Pappenheimers from 1619 and 1620 is the only entrance to the castle today. The road to the castle, which starts in the direction of Bonndorf to the left of the hairpin bend at the water reservoir on the district road and climbs steeply up the valley cheek to the defensive wall and the forecourt of the castle, is gravel.

Todays use

Hohenlupfen Castle courtyard

Breakthrough to the tower

Registry office

Maximilian von Pappenheim, builder of Hohenlupfen Castle, portrait in Pappenheim Castle

The property, which also includes land (60 hectares of forest and 40 hectares of fields) in the vicinity of the castle, went in December 2011 from the Princely House of Fürstenberg zu Donaueschingen to the host and farmer family Cècilie and Martin Stamm from the neighboring Swiss community of Schleitheim, where they run the brewery inn operate over. Since then, Cècilie Stamm has been furnishing the completely cleared castle again with antiquarian objects and furniture. As a result, the knight's hall, an ideal location for larger events, was repaired again. During the Second World War, the primary school and a school for the deaf were housed here. The Fürstenbergers, most recently Joachim Egon Fürst zu Fürstenberg and his wife, Paula Countess zu Königsegg - Aulendorf with children, then used the castle exclusively for their own private residential purposes. Visits were not possible. Since 2011, the castle can z. B. can be rented for birthday parties and weddings. Flea markets and guided tours take place in the summer months.

Myths and Legends

As with many other palaces and fortresses, the Stühlingen landmark has legends:

The snail dispute

Clementia von Montfort, the wife of Count Sigismund II zu Lupfen, is said to have once demanded compulsory labor from the serfs. She ordered her subjects to collect snail shells in the forest so that they could be used as spools of thread. This arbitrariness of the countess aroused the displeasure of the Stühlingen farmers to such an extent that they rebelled against the landgrave and rose to the peasant revolt in 1524 . The legend describes very graphically the arbitrariness and the authoritarian dealings of the counts and princes with their subjects. The Count of Lupfen had already resided at his mansion in Engen for a long time. As early as 1499, he did not experience the destruction of his castle in Stühlingen by the Confederates himself, but his deputy, the Obervogt. The castle was subsequently rebuilt so poorly that it was described in the records as "dilapidated". However, the people of Lupfen in Engen led an elaborate lifestyle that was financed by the people through tithing, compulsory service, etc.

The lake under the castle

A lake of unfathomable depth is said to lie beneath the castle, which once wanted to erupt. A capuchin plugged the hole with his hood. If one day this is rotten, the lake will wash away all places in the (middle and lower) Wutach Valley. In fact, several small spring streams arise from the Schlosshalde, which, among other things, were previously used to fill the weir ditch around the little town with water. The plateau south of the moat is called "Seegärten" because it used to be a place where floods often occurred. So water gushes out from under the castle everywhere ...

The daring leap

Landgrave Max zu Stühlingen, a strong and agile giant, bet at a drinking party in the knights' hall on the upper floor of the Stühlingen Palace that he would get on the back of his horse faster than his competitor. Both horses were tied up in the courtyard of the palace. He gave his opponent, a baron, a floor head start. While the baron hurried to the horse, the landgrave jumped out of a window in the great hall directly onto the back of his white horse and won the bet. To this day it is unclear which tools the Landgrave used. A jump from a height of at least six meters directly into a saddle without being able to catch the swing with your legs seems very unlikely.

Former owner of the castle

literature

Arthur Hauptmann: Castles - then and now . Castles and castle ruins in southern Baden and adjacent areas . 4th revised edition. Südkurier, Konstanz 1990, ISBN 3-87799-040-1 , p. 284-287 .
Hans Schwackenhofer: The Reichserbmarschalls, counts and gentlemen from and to Pappenheim . Walter E. Keller, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-934145-12-4 , pp. 164-169 .
( M. ) Johann Alexander Döderlein : Historical news of the very-old high-priced house of the imperial and the realm marshals of Palatine, and of the married and dermahligen realm-hereditary marshals, lords and counts of Pappenheim, etc. Johann Jacob Enderes , Hoch-Fürstl. privil. Book dealer, 1739, p. 271–276 ( full text in Google Book Search).
Gustav Häusler: Stühlingen. Past and present. Self-rel. d. City of Stühlingen, 1966.
Norbert Nothhelfer (ed.): Home and work: The district of Waldshut. Theiss, Stuttgart / Aalen 1979.
August Vetter: The history of the city of Fürstenberg. Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 1959.
Hiroto Oka: The Peasants' War in the Landgraviate of Stühlingen and its prehistory since the middle of the 15th century. Hartung-Gorre, Konstanz 1998, ISBN 3-89649-312-4 .

Web links

Commons : Hohenlupfen Castle - Collection of images, videos and audio files

47.741666666667 8.4352777777778Coordinates: 47 ° 44 ′ 30 ″ N , 8 ° 26 ′ 7 ″ E